Heterogeneïtat de l'activitat peroxidàsica de peres (Pyrus Communis L. var. Blanqueta) en funció de les zones d'insolació del fruit

Peer Reviewe

Heterogeneïtat de l'activitat peroxidàsica de peres (Pyrus Communis L. var. Blanqueta) en funció de les zones d'insolació del fruit

Peer Reviewe

Modificacions per tractaments fitohormonals (AG i CCC) en els paràmetres bioquímics de la pera "Blanqueta" durant l'emmagatzematge

The dry matter, reducing sugars and peroxidase activity evolution in «blanquilla» pears during 8 month storage (0 – 5° C and 85 – 90 % R.H.) is evaluated. The pears were treated during its grown with gibberellic acid (GA), chlorocolin chloride (CCC) and mixtures from both. The results show no changes on the checked parameters when GA was the preharvest treatment. The use of chlorocolin chloride produces, related to reference pears without treatment, a increasing of peroxidase activity and a decreasing on reducing sugars along the test (realted to dry matter). The mixtures GA/CCC show the same effect, on reducing sugars, that CCC related with CCC content in the mixture and time of the last aplication before harvest.Se estudia la evolución de materia seca, azúcares reductores y actividad peroxidásica en peras «blanquilla» a lo largo de 8 meses de almacenamiento a 0 – 5° C y 85 – 90 % H.R. Dichas peras habían sido sometidas durante su crecimiento a distintos tratamientos fitohormonales de ácido giberélico (AG), cloruro de clorocolina (CCC) y combinaciones de ambos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos con AG no producen ninguna variación de los parámetros estudiados a lo largo de los 8 meses en comparación con un lote patrón (sin tratamiento fitohormonal). El tratamiento con CCC produce modificaciones metabólicas consistentes, referidas a la serie patrón, a aumentos de actividad peroxidásica y disminución del contenido de azúcares reductores, referidos ambos a unidad de materia seca, a lo largo de la experiencia. Las combinacions de AG y CCC muestran los efectos modificadores del CCC en los azúcares reductores en función de su cantidad y del tiempo de aplicación antes de la recogida

Safety and tolerability of etravirine (ETR; TMC125) in hepatitis B and/or C co-infected patients in DUET-1 and DUET-2: pooled 48-week results

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Hidden costs of antiretroviral treatment: the public health efficiency of drug packaging

While the overall percentage of unused antiretroviral medicines returned to the hospital pharmacy is low, their cost is quite high. Adverse events, treatment failure, pharmacokinetic interactions, pregnancy, or treatment simplification are common reasons for unplanned treatment changes. Socially inefficient antiretroviral packages prevent the reuse of drugs returned to the hospital pharmacy. We defined antiretroviral package categories based on the excellence of drug packaging and analyzed the number of pills and costs of drugs returned during a period of 1 year in a hospital-based HIV unit attending to 2,413 treated individuals. A total of 6,090 pills (34% of all returned antiretrovirals) - with a cost of 47,139.91 € - would be totally lost, mainly due to being packed up in the lowest efficiency packages. Newer treatments are packaged in low-excellence categories of packages, thus favoring the maintenance of these hidden costs in the near future. Therefore, costs of this low-efficiency drug packaging, where medication packages are started but not completed, in high-cost medications are substantial and should be properly addressed. Any improvement in the packaging by the manufacturer, and favoring the choice of drugs supplied through efficient packages (when efficacy, toxicity, and convenience are similar), should minimize the treatment expenditures paid by national health budgets

Aging-associated symptoms in the physician-patient dialogue in a group of long-term diagnosed HIV-infected individuals

Background: The significant decrease in mortality has resulted in a large number of individuals aged over 50 living with HIV infection. Additionally, the coexistence of certain pathologies suggests premature aging. In this scenario, the presence of aging-associated symptoms in the physician-patient dialogue is yet to be explored. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study to evaluate the presence of aging-associated symptoms in the physician-patient dialogue and to explore the possible differences between genders in a sample of 100 HIV-1 infected subjects diagnosed at least 15 years ago. The survey assessed questions/comments made by the patient, questions/comments made by the physician and patients’ interest in obtaining more information than was provided. Number of patients and percentages were given and compared using the w2 or Fisher exact test (as appropriate). Results: Participants were 60 men and 40 women, diagnosed with HIV infection a median (IQ) of 18 (15.7–21) years ago, who had a nadir CD4 and CD4 cell count at the study entry of 172 (95–272) and 543 (403–677), respectively. Eighty percent of the subjects had VL <25 copies and 42% were HCV/HIV co-infected (31 subjects with low fibrosis stage). The infection route had been mainly intravenous drug use (37%) and MSM (32%). Men and women had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Sixty-two percent of the participants acknowledged asking their physicians about aging-associated symptoms (58% men vs 66% women; p=0.50), 48% reported that their physicians had provided information without having been asked (48% men vs 55% women; p=0.51) and 75% confirmed that they would like to have more information about aging-associated symptoms (22% men vs 80% women; p<0.001). Conclusions: Around half of the men and women interviewed had discussed aging-associated symptoms with their physician. However, this seemed insufficient for four-fifths of the women, who would have liked to have obtained more information about aging

On the formation of gold nanoparticles from [AuIIICl4]- and a non-classical reduced polyoxomolybdate as an electron source: A quantum mechanical modelling and experimental study

Polyoxometalate (POM)-mediated reduction and nucleation mechanisms in nanoparticle (NP) syntheses are still largely unknown. We carried out comprehensive theoretical analysis using density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the molecular and electronic changes that occur during the reduction of HAuIIICl4 with the Kabanos-type polyoxomolybdate, Na{(MoV2O4)3(µ2-O)3(µ2-SO3)3(µ6-SO3)}2]15-. In the system presented herein the electrons are supplied by the POM, making the computational thermodynamic analysis more feasible. Our results reveal that this particular POM is a multi-electron source and the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) greatly promotes the reduction process. Based on the energy and molecular orbital studies of the intermediate species the reduction of AuIII to AuI is shown to be thermodynamically favourable, and a low HOMO-LUMO gap of the POM-Au superstructure is advantageous for electron transfer. By modelling the reduction of three couples of AuIII ¿ AuI by the same POM unit, it is proposed that the reduced polyoxomolybdate is finally fully oxidised. The subjacent idea of using the Kabanos POM was confirmed by comprehensive experimental characterisation of POM-stabilised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@POM). Present theoretical analysis suggests that protons have a significant influence on the final AuI to Au0 reduction step that ultimately leads to colloidal AuNPs@POM

Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism Leu-214 on replication capacity and drug susceptibility

A negative association between polymorphism Leu-214 and type-1 thymidine analogue mutations (TAM1) and a positive association with a clinically favorable virological response to thymidine analogue-based combination antiretroviral therapy have been described. In this study, the impact of Leu-214 on replication capacity and resistance to zidovudine (ZDV) of viruses containing TAM1 or TAM2 was determined. Leu-214 decreased the growth rate of viruses bearing Tyr-215, as well as their resistance to ZDV. This observation was confirmed by structural and molecular modeling data, suggesting a regulatory role for Leu-214 in the emergence and phenotypic resistance of TAM1