Human Capital Inequality, Life Expectancy and Economic Growth

This paper presents a model in which inequality affects per capita income when individuals decide to invest in education taking into account their life expectancy, which depends to a large extent on the human capital of their parents. Our results show the existence of multiple steady states depending on the initial distribution of education. The low steady state is a poverty trap in which children raised in poor families have low life expectancy and work as non-educated workers. The empirical evidence suggests that the life expectancy mechanism explains a major part of the relationship between inequality and human capital accumulation.Life expectancy, human capital, inequality.

Human Capital Inequality, Life Expectancy and Economic Growth

This paper provides a theoretical model in which inequality affects per capita income when individuals decide to accumulate human capital depending on their life expectancy. The model assumes that life expectancy depends to a large extent on the environment in which individuals grow up, in particular, on the human capital of their parents. After calibrating the life expectancy function according to the international evidence for cross-section data, our results show the existence of multiple steady states depending on the initial distribution of education. In particular, human capital may converge towards different stable steady states. In accordance with the evidence displayed by many developing countries, the low steady state is a poverty trap in which children are raised in poor families, have a low life expectancy and work as non-educated workers all their lives.life expectancy, iinequality, human capital accumulation

Electrochemical analysis of gildings in Valencia altarpieces: a cross-age study since fifteenth until twentieth century, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry

[EN] The application of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to the study of gildings in paintings and architectural ornaments is described. Nanosamples from pieces from different churches of the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) covering since the fifteenth century until nowadays were studied upon attachment to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous HCl and H2SO4 electrolytes. Electrochemical measurements, combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, denoted that a common manufacturing technique was used with minimal variations along time. The relationship between specific voltammetric features associated to bulk gold and active surface sites, however, changed monotonically with time, thus suggesting the possibility of age monitoring.Financial support from the MINECO Projects CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P, CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P and MAT2015-65445-C2-2-R, which are supported with ERDF funds is gratefully acknowledged. Likewise financial support of the Comunidad de Madrid and structural funds of the EU through Programa Geomateriales 2 ref. S2013/MIT-2914 is acknowledged. The authors thank the Seccion de Investigacion Arqueologica Municipal de Valencia for kindly authorizing sampling to carry out this research. The authors also thank Dr. Jose Luis Moya Lopez and Mr. Manuel Planes Insausti (Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for their technical support.Ferragud Adam, JV.; Piquero-Cilla, J.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Guerola Blay, V.; Company Climent, J.; Domenech Carbo, A. (2016). Electrochemical analysis of gildings in Valencia altarpieces: a cross-age study since fifteenth until twentieth century, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 21(5):1477-1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3512-8S14771487215Le Goff J (1991) El hombre medieval. Alianza Editorial, MadridValero-Cuenca A (2011) El oro: símbolo de lo trascendente en la pintura gótica. Su capacidad como elemento transformador, espiritual y plástico. Archivo de Arte Valenciano XCII. Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos, ValènciaRodriguez-López A, Khandekar N, Gates G, Newman R (2007) Materials and techniques of a Spanish Renaissance panel painting. Stud Conserv 52:81–100Chao R, Heginbotham A, Lee L, Chiari G (2014) Materials and techniques of gilding on a suite of French eighteenth-century chair. Stud Conserv 59:102–112Alfonso-Muñoz M, Ferragut-Adam X, Guerola-Blay V, Roig-Picazo MP (2008) Intervención en la ornamentación dorada del espacio central y acceso sur de la Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia. Arché 3:117–126Antonelli F, Lazzarini L, Cancellere S, Tesser E (2016) Study of the deteriortion products, gilding, and polychromy of the stones of the Scuola Grande Di San Marco’s façade in Venice. Stud Conserv 61:74–85Toniolo L, Colombo C, Bruni S, Fermo P, Casoli A, Palla G, Bianchi CL (1998) Gilded stuccoes of the Italian baroque. Stud Conserv 43:201–208De Quinto ML (1984) Los batihojas artesanos del oro. Editora Nacional, MadridLópez-Zamora E (2007) Estudio de los materiales y procedimientos del dorado a través de las fuentes literarias antiguas: aplicación en las decoraciones de pinturas castellanas sobre tabla. PhD Thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, MadridHerranz E (2000) El arte de dorar, 6th edn. Dossat, MadridCrabbe AC, Giumlia-Mair A, Wouters HJM, Terryn H, Vandendael I (2016) De Colorando Auro: Experimenta and literatura study of medieval colouring récipes on gilded plates Stud Conserv 61: 274–285 and references thereinGonzález E (1997) Tratado del dorado, plateado y su policromía (Tecnología, conservación y restauración). Universitat Politècnica de València, ValènciaBaixauli-Juan I (2001) Els artesans de la València del segle XVII: Capítols dels oficis i col·legis. Universitat de València, ValènciaMocholí-Roselló A (2012) Pintors i artífex de la València medieval. Universitat Politècnica de València, ValènciaDoménech-Carbó A, Doménech-Carbó MT, Costa V (2009) In: Scholz F (ed) Electrochemical methods in Archaeometry, conservation and restoration, Monographs in Electrochemistry Series. 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Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection

Copyright (2002) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters 81.11 (2002): 1981-1983 and may be found at http://apl.aip.org

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a T follicular-helper phenotype: a different entity? Results of the Spanish Real-T study

Peripheral T-cell lymphomaLimfoma perifèric de cèl·lules TLinfoma periférico de células TNodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) is a new type of PTCL. We aimed to define its clinical characteristics and prognosis compared to PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). This retrospective observational study included 175 patients diagnosed with PTCL between 2008 and 2013 in 13 Spanish sites. Patient diagnosis was centrally reviewed, and patients were reclassified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 criteria: 21 patients as PTCL-NOS, 55 as AITL and 23 as PTCL-TFH. Median follow-up was 56.07 months (95% CI 38.7–73.4). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients with PTCL-TFH than in those with PTCL-NOS and AITL (PFS, 24.6 months vs. 4.6 and 7.8 months, respectively, p = 0.002; OS, 52.6 months vs. 10.0 and 19.3 months, respectively, p < 0.001). Histological diagnosis maintained an independent influence on both PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1 vs. PTCL-NOS, p = 0.008; HR 2.6 vs. AITL, p = 0.047) and OS (HR 5.7 vs. PTCL-NOS, p = 0.004; HR 2.6 vs. AITL, p = 0.096), regardless of the International Prognostic Index. These results suggest that PTCL-TFH could have more favourable features and prognosis than the other PTCL subtypes, although larger series are needed to corroborate these findings.This work was supported by Takeda Farmacéutica España, S.A. The authors received no compensation for writing the manuscript

Clinical and pathological characteristics of peripheral T-cell lymphomas in a Spanish population: a retrospective study

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; Progression-free survivalLinfoma anaplásico de células grandes; Supervivencia libre de progresiónLimfoma anaplàsic de cèl·lules grans; Supervivència lliure de progressióWe investigated the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in 13 sites across Spain. Relevant clinical antecedents, CD30 expression and staining pattern, prognostic indices using the International Prognostic Index and the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi system, treatments, and clinical outcomes were examined. A sizeable proportion of 175 patients had a history of immune-related disorders (autoimmune 16%, viral infections 17%, chemo/radiotherapy-treated carcinomas 19%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7·9 and 15·8 months, respectively. Prognostic indices influenced PFS and OS, with a higher number of adverse factors resulting in shorter survival (P 15% of cells were positive in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive and -negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer PTCL groups. We observed PTCL distribution across subtypes based on haematopathological re-evaluation. Poor prognosis, effect of specific prognostic indices, relevance of histopathological sub-classification, and response level to first-line treatment on outcomes were confirmed. Immune disorders amongst patients require further examination involving genetic studies and identification of associated immunosuppressive factors.This study was sponsored by Takeda

Transcriptional Profile Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Docetaxel

(1) Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel (DX) combination is a standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. (2) Methods: We investigate if tumor transcriptomic analysis predicts mHSPC evolution in a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. A customized panel of 184 genes was tested in mRNA from tumor samples by the nCounter platform in 125 mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX. Gene expression was correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: High expression of androgen receptor (AR) signature was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-0.9; p = 0.015), high expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) signature with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p = 0.019) and OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.024), and lower expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) (RB1, PTEN and TP53) with shorter OS (HR 2, 95% CI 1-3.8; p = 0.044). ARV7 expression was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.008) and OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6, p = 0.004), high ESR2 was associated with longer OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1, p = 0.048) and low expression of RB1 was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: AR, ESR, and TSG expression signatures, as well as ARV7, RB1, and ESR2 expression, have a prognostic value in mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX

La utilización de la Dramatización y el photovoice ante la violencia de género. Una simbiosis para la pedagogía de los cuidados

[ES] El objetivo general de este estudio se centra en explorar las potencialidades de la fotografía y la dramatización como instrumentos para estimular de forma participativa la reflexión en la acción, el pensamiento crítico y el debate sobre la violencia de género en diferentes contextos. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo enmarcado en el Paradigma Sociocrítico. Para la recogida de datos se ha empleado la técnica del photovoice y la dramatización que facilitará la toma de conciencia de un problema social como es la violencia de género. Las bases epistemológicas de esta técnica quedan ancladas en el modelo de concientización descrito por Paulo Freire y teorías críticas feministas. Participaron en el estudio estudiantes del Grado de Enfermería, que cursan asignatura optativa de Cultura de los Cuidados. El análisis de los datos a través de dos fases ha permitido generar categorías específicas para la temática que nos ocupa Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto las potencialidades de técnicas pedagógicas visuales que permiten la toma de conciencia, el pensamiento crítico y la reflexión en estudiantes de enfermería como futuros agentes de cambi

Recommendations by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy, the Spanish Society of Oncology Nursing and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology for the safe management of antineoplastic medication in cancer patients

Aim: To define recommendations that permit safe management of antineoplastic medication, minimise medication errors and improve the safety of cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods: By reviewing the literature and consulting the websites of various health organisations and agencies, an expert committee from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology defined a set of safe practices covering all stages of providing cancer therapy to patients. The Spanish Society of Oncology Nursing revised and endorsed the final list. Results: In total, 68 recommendations arranged in five sections were defined. They include issues concerning the training of health professionals, the technological resources needed, treatment planning, informing the patient and his/her family, the processes of prescribing, preparing, dispensing and administering cancer therapy (orally, parenterally or intrathecally), assessing patient adherence and treatment toxicity. Conclusions: It is essential for healthcare establishments to implement specific measures designed to prevent medication errors, in order to ensure the safety of cancer patients treated with antineoplastic medication.This project was supported with unrestricted grants from SEFH and SEOM