44 research outputs found
Human Capital Inequality, Life Expectancy and Economic Growth
This paper presents a model in which inequality affects per capita income when individuals decide to invest in education taking into account their life expectancy, which depends to a large extent on the human capital of their parents. Our results show the existence of multiple steady states depending on the initial distribution of education. The low steady state is a poverty trap in which children raised in poor families have low life expectancy and work as non-educated workers. The empirical evidence suggests that the life expectancy mechanism explains a major part of the relationship between inequality and human capital accumulation.Life expectancy, human capital, inequality.
Human Capital Inequality, Life Expectancy and Economic Growth
This paper provides a theoretical model in which inequality affects per capita income when individuals decide to accumulate human capital depending on their life expectancy. The model assumes that life expectancy depends to a large extent on the environment in which individuals grow up, in particular, on the human capital of their parents. After calibrating the life expectancy function according to the international evidence for cross-section data, our results show the existence of multiple steady states depending on the initial distribution of education. In particular, human capital may converge towards different stable steady states. In accordance with the evidence displayed by many developing countries, the low steady state is a poverty trap in which children are raised in poor families, have a low life expectancy and work as non-educated workers all their lives.life expectancy, iinequality, human capital accumulation
Electrochemical analysis of gildings in Valencia altarpieces: a cross-age study since fifteenth until twentieth century, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
[EN] The application of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to the study of gildings in paintings and architectural ornaments is described. Nanosamples from pieces from different churches of the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) covering since the fifteenth century until nowadays were studied upon attachment to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous HCl and H2SO4 electrolytes. Electrochemical measurements, combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, denoted that a common manufacturing technique was used with minimal variations along time. The relationship between specific voltammetric features associated to bulk gold and active surface sites, however, changed monotonically with time, thus suggesting the possibility of age monitoring.Financial support from the MINECO Projects CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P, CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P and MAT2015-65445-C2-2-R, which are supported with ERDF funds is gratefully acknowledged. Likewise financial support of the Comunidad de Madrid and structural funds of the EU through Programa Geomateriales 2 ref. S2013/MIT-2914 is acknowledged. The authors thank the Seccion de Investigacion Arqueologica Municipal de Valencia for kindly authorizing sampling to carry out this research. The authors also thank Dr. Jose Luis Moya Lopez and Mr. Manuel Planes Insausti (Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for their technical support.Ferragud Adam, JV.; Piquero-Cilla, J.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Guerola Blay, V.; Company Climent, J.; Domenech Carbo, A. (2016). Electrochemical analysis of gildings in Valencia altarpieces: a cross-age study since fifteenth until twentieth century, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 21(5):1477-1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3512-8S14771487215Le Goff J (1991) El hombre medieval. Alianza Editorial, MadridValero-Cuenca A (2011) El oro: sĂmbolo de lo trascendente en la pintura gĂłtica. Su capacidad como elemento transformador, espiritual y plĂĄstico. Archivo de Arte Valenciano XCII. Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos, ValĂšnciaRodriguez-LĂłpez A, Khandekar N, Gates G, Newman R (2007) Materials and techniques of a Spanish Renaissance panel painting. Stud Conserv 52:81â100Chao R, Heginbotham A, Lee L, Chiari G (2014) Materials and techniques of gilding on a suite of French eighteenth-century chair. Stud Conserv 59:102â112Alfonso-Muñoz M, Ferragut-Adam X, Guerola-Blay V, Roig-Picazo MP (2008) IntervenciĂłn en la ornamentaciĂłn dorada del espacio central y acceso sur de la BasĂlica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia. ArchĂ© 3:117â126Antonelli F, Lazzarini L, Cancellere S, Tesser E (2016) Study of the deteriortion products, gilding, and polychromy of the stones of the Scuola Grande Di San Marcoâs façade in Venice. Stud Conserv 61:74â85Toniolo L, Colombo C, Bruni S, Fermo P, Casoli A, Palla G, Bianchi CL (1998) Gilded stuccoes of the Italian baroque. Stud Conserv 43:201â208De Quinto ML (1984) Los batihojas artesanos del oro. Editora Nacional, MadridLĂłpez-Zamora E (2007) Estudio de los materiales y procedimientos del dorado a travĂ©s de las fuentes literarias antiguas: aplicaciĂłn en las decoraciones de pinturas castellanas sobre tabla. PhD Thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, MadridHerranz E (2000) El arte de dorar, 6th edn. Dossat, MadridCrabbe AC, Giumlia-Mair A, Wouters HJM, Terryn H, Vandendael I (2016) De Colorando Auro: Experimenta and literatura study of medieval colouring rĂ©cipes on gilded plates Stud Conserv 61: 274â285 and references thereinGonzĂĄlez E (1997) Tratado del dorado, plateado y su policromĂa (TecnologĂa, conservaciĂłn y restauraciĂłn). Universitat PolitĂšcnica de ValĂšncia, ValĂšnciaBaixauli-Juan I (2001) Els artesans de la ValĂšncia del segle XVII: CapĂtols dels oficis i col·legis. Universitat de ValĂšncia, ValĂšnciaMocholĂ-RosellĂł A (2012) Pintors i artĂfex de la ValĂšncia medieval. Universitat PolitĂšcnica de ValĂšncia, ValĂšnciaDomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Costa V (2009) In: Scholz F (ed) Electrochemical methods in Archaeometry, conservation and restoration, Monographs in Electrochemistry Series. Springer, Berlin-HeidelbergMelo HP, Cruz AJ, Candelas A, Mirao J, Cardoso AM, Oliveira MJ, Valadas S (2014) Problems of analysis by FTIR of calcium sulphateâbased preparatory layers: the case of a group of 16th-century Portuguese paintings. Archaeometry 56:513â526Picollo M, Fukunaga K, Labaune J (2015) Obtaining noninvasive stratigraphic details of panel paintings using terahertz time domain spectroscopy imaging system. J Cult Herit 16:73â80Duran A, Perez-RodrĂguez JL, Jimenez de Haro MC, Herrera LK, Justo A (2008) Degradation of gold and false golds used as gildings in the cultural heritage of Andalusia, Spain. J Cult Herit 9:184â188Gulotta D, Goidanich S, Bertoldi M, Bortolotto S, Toniolo L (2012) Gildings and false gildings of the baroque age: characterization and conservation problems. Archaeometry 54:940â954Constantinescu B, Vasilescu A, Radtke M, Reinholz U (2010) Micro-SR-XRF studies for archaeological gold identificationâthe case of Carpathian gold and Romanian museal objects. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 99:383â389Scholz F, Meyer B (1998) In: Bard AJ, Rubinstein I (eds) Voltammetry of solid microparticles immobilized on electrode surfaces, Electroanalytical Chemistry, A Series of Advances, vol 20. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1â86Scholz F, Schröder U, Gulaboski R, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A (2014) Electrochemistry of immobilized particles and droplets, 2nd edit. Springer, Berlin-HeidelbergDomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, Labuda J, Scholz F (2013) Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem 85:609â631DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A (2010) Voltammetric methods applied to identification, speciation and quantification of analytes from works of art: an overview. J Solid State Electrochem 14:363â369DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A (2011) Tracing, authentifying and dating archaeological metal using the voltammetry of microparticles. Anal Methods 3:2181â2188DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PeirĂł-Ronda MA, Osete-Cortina L (2011) Authentication of archaeological lead artifacts using voltammetry of microparticles: the case of the Tossal de Sant Miquel Iberian plate. Archaeometry 53:1193â1211DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, MartĂnez-LĂĄzaro I (2008) Electrochemical identification of bronze corrosion products in archaeological artefacts. A case study. Microchim Acta 162:351â359Satovic D, Martinez S, Bobrowski A (2010) Electrochemical identification of corrosion products on historical and archaeological bronzes using the voltammetry of micro-particles attached to a carbon paste electrode. Talanta 81:1760â1765DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, MartĂnez-LĂĄzaro I (2010) Layer-by-layer identification of copper alteration products in metallic works of art using the voltammetry of microparticles approach. Anal Chim Acta 610:1â9CepriĂĄ G, AbadĂas O, PĂ©rez-Arantegui J, Castillo JR (2001) Electrochemical behavior of silver-copper alloys in voltammetry of microparticles: a simple method for screening purposes. Electroanalysis 13:477â483DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PasĂes T, Bouzas MC (2012) Modeling corrosion of archaeological silver-copper coins using the voltammetry of immobilized particles. Electroanalysis 24:1945â1955Capelo S, Homem PM, Cavalheiro J, Fonseca ITE (2013) Linear sweep voltammetry: a cheap and powerful technique for the identification of the silver tarnish layer constituent. J Solid State Electrochem 17:223â234DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, Del Hoyo-RodrĂguez J, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Piquero-Cilla J (2017) Electrochemical analysis of the first Polish coins using the voltammetry of immobilized particles. Microchem J 130:47â55Ferragud X (2015) Estudi de les tĂšcniques del daurat i la policromia sobre lâor a lâescola valenciana del segle XV al segle XIX Analisi dels materials, tĂšcniques i procediments. PhD Thesis, University of ValenciaPlumb RC, Thakkar N (1965) Volta potential studies of the aging of gold surfaces. J Phys Chem 69:439â441Rysiazhnyi V, Slavicek P, Cernak M (2014) Aging of plasma-activated copper and gold surfaces and its hydrophilic recovery after water immersion. This Solid Films 550:373â380Gubicza J, LĂĄbĂĄr JL, Quynh LM, Nam NH, Luong NH (2013) Evolution of size and shape of gold nanoparticles during long-time aging. Mater Chem Phys 138:449â453Burke LD, Nugent PF (1997) The electrochemistry of gold: I the redox behaviour of the metal in aqueous media. Gold Bull 30:43â53Chen A, Lipkowski J (1999) Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of hydroxide adsorption at the Au(111) electrode. J Phys Chem B 103:682â691Hoogvliet JC, van Bennekom WP (2001) Gold thin-film electrodes: an EQCM study of the influence of chromium and titanium adhesion layers on the response. Electrochim Acta 47:599â611Burke LD, OâMullane AP (2000) Generation of active surface states of gold and the role of such states in electrocatalysis. J Solid State Electrochem 4:285â297Burke LD, OâMullane AP, Lodge VE, Mooney MB (2001) Auto-inhibition of hydrogen gas evolution on gold in aqueous acid solution. J Solid State Electrochem 5:319â327DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Osete-Cortina L (2004) Electrochemistry of archaeological metals: an approach from the voltammetry of microparticles. In: Brillas E, Cabot P-L (eds) Trends in electrochemistry and corrosion at the beginning of the 21st century (dedicated to Professor Dr. Josep M. Costa on the occasion of his 70th birthday). Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, pp 857â871Doyle RL, Lyons MEG (2014) The mechanism of oxygen evolution at superactivated gold electrodes in aqueous alkaline solution. J Solid State Electrochem 18:3271â3286Jeyabharathi C, Hasse U, Ahrens P, Scholz F (2014) Oxygen electroreduction on polycrystalline gold electrodes and on gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 18:3299â3306Jeyabharathi C, Ahrens P, Hasse U, Scholz F (2016) Identification of low-index crystal planes of polycrystalline gold on the basis of electrochemical oxide layer formation. J. Solid State Electrochem 20:3025â3031Cherevko S, Kulyk N, Chung C-H (2012) Utilization of surface active sites on gold in preparation of highly reactive interfaces for alcohols electrooxidation in alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 69:190â196DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PeirĂł-Ronda MA (2011) âOne-touchâ voltammetry of microparticles for the identification of corrosion products in archaeological lead. Electroanalysis 23:1391â1400Blum D, Leyffer W, Holze R (1996) Pencil-leads as new electrodes for abrasive stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis 8:296â297Izumi T, Watanabe I, Yokoyama Y (1991) Activation of a gold electrode by electrochemical oxidation-reduction pretreatment in hydrochloric acid. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 303:151â160Mesgar M, Kaghazchi P, Jacob T, Pichardo-Pedrero E, Giesen M, Ibach H, Luque NB, Schmickler W (2013) Chlorine-enhanced surface mobility of Au(100). ChemPhysChem 14:233â236Scholz F, LĂłpez de Lara GonzĂĄlez G, de Carvalho LM, Hilgemann M, Brainina KZ, Kahlert H, Jack RS, Minh DT (2007) Indirect electrochemical sensing of radicals and radical scavengers in biological matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:8079â8081Nowicka A, Hasse U, Sievers G, Donten M, Stojek Z, Fletcher S, Scholz F (2010) Selective knockout of gold active sites. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:3006â3009Hasse U, Fricke K, Dias D, Sievers G, Wulff H, Scholz F (2012) Grain boundary corrosion of the surface of annealed thin layers of gold by OH·radicals. J Solid State Electrochem 16:2383â2389Hasse U, Wulff H, Helm CA, Scholz F (2013) Formation of gold surfaces with a strongly preferred {100}-orientation. J Solid State Electrochem 17:3047â3053DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PasĂes T, Bouzas MC (2011) Application of modified Tafel analysis to the identification of corrosion products on archaeological metals using voltammetry of microparticles. Electroanalysis 23:2803â2812DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PeirĂł-Ronda MA (2011) Dating archaeological lead artifacts from measurement of the corrosion content using the voltammetry of microparticles. Anal Chem 83:5639â5644DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, PeirĂł-Ronda MA, Martinez-LĂĄzaro I, Barrio J (2012) Application of the voltammetry of microparticles for dating archaeological lead using polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Solid State Electrochem 16:2349â2356DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Capelo S, PasĂes T, MartĂnez-LĂĄzaro I (2014) Dating archaeological copper/bronze artifacts using the voltammetry of microparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:9262â9266DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, Capelo S, Piquero J, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Barrio J, Fuentes A, Al-Sekkaneh W (2016) Dating archaeological copper using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Comparison with voltammetry of microparticles dating. Mater Corr 67:120â12
Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection
Copyright (2002) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters 81.11 (2002): 1981-1983 and may be found at http://apl.aip.org
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a T follicular-helper phenotype: a different entity? Results of the Spanish Real-T study
Peripheral T-cell lymphomaLimfoma perifĂšric de cĂšl·lules TLinfoma perifĂ©rico de cĂ©lulas TNodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) is a new type of PTCL. We aimed to define its clinical characteristics and prognosis compared to PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). This retrospective observational study included 175 patients diagnosed with PTCL between 2008 and 2013 in 13 Spanish sites. Patient diagnosis was centrally reviewed, and patients were reclassified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 criteria: 21 patients as PTCL-NOS, 55 as AITL and 23 as PTCL-TFH. Median follow-up was 56.07âmonths (95% CI 38.7â73.4). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients with PTCL-TFH than in those with PTCL-NOS and AITL (PFS, 24.6âmonths vs. 4.6 and 7.8âmonths, respectively, pâ=â0.002; OS, 52.6âmonths vs. 10.0 and 19.3âmonths, respectively, pâ<â0.001). Histological diagnosis maintained an independent influence on both PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1 vs. PTCL-NOS, pâ=â0.008; HR 2.6 vs. AITL, pâ=â0.047) and OS (HR 5.7 vs. PTCL-NOS, pâ=â0.004; HR 2.6 vs. AITL, pâ=â0.096), regardless of the International Prognostic Index. These results suggest that PTCL-TFH could have more favourable features and prognosis than the other PTCL subtypes, although larger series are needed to corroborate these findings.This work was supported by Takeda FarmacĂ©utica España, S.A. The authors received no compensation for writing the manuscript
Clinical and pathological characteristics of peripheral T-cell lymphomas in a Spanish population: a retrospective study
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; Progression-free survivalLinfoma anaplåsico de células grandes; Supervivencia libre de progresiónLimfoma anaplà sic de cÚl·lules grans; SupervivÚncia lliure de progressióWe investigated the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in 13 sites across Spain. Relevant clinical antecedents, CD30 expression and staining pattern, prognostic indices using the International Prognostic Index and the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi system, treatments, and clinical outcomes were examined. A sizeable proportion of 175 patients had a history of immune-related disorders (autoimmune 16%, viral infections 17%, chemo/radiotherapy-treated carcinomas 19%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7·9 and 15·8 months, respectively. Prognostic indices influenced PFS and OS, with a higher number of adverse factors resulting in shorter survival (P 15% of cells were positive in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive and -negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer PTCL groups. We observed PTCL distribution across subtypes based on haematopathological re-evaluation. Poor prognosis, effect of specific prognostic indices, relevance of histopathological sub-classification, and response level to first-line treatment on outcomes were confirmed. Immune disorders amongst patients require further examination involving genetic studies and identification of associated immunosuppressive factors.This study was sponsored by Takeda
Transcriptional Profile Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Docetaxel
(1) Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel (DX) combination is a standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. (2) Methods: We investigate if tumor transcriptomic analysis predicts mHSPC evolution in a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. A customized panel of 184 genes was tested in mRNA from tumor samples by the nCounter platform in 125 mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX. Gene expression was correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: High expression of androgen receptor (AR) signature was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-0.9; p = 0.015), high expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) signature with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p = 0.019) and OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.024), and lower expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) (RB1, PTEN and TP53) with shorter OS (HR 2, 95% CI 1-3.8; p = 0.044). ARV7 expression was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.008) and OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6, p = 0.004), high ESR2 was associated with longer OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1, p = 0.048) and low expression of RB1 was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: AR, ESR, and TSG expression signatures, as well as ARV7, RB1, and ESR2 expression, have a prognostic value in mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX
La utilizaciĂłn de la DramatizaciĂłn y el photovoice ante la violencia de gĂ©nero. Una simbiosis para la pedagogĂa de los cuidados
[ES] El objetivo general de este estudio se centra en explorar las potencialidades de la fotografĂa y la dramatizaciĂłn como instrumentos para estimular de forma participativa la reflexiĂłn en la acciĂłn, el pensamiento crĂtico y el debate sobre la violencia de gĂ©nero en diferentes contextos. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo enmarcado en el Paradigma SociocrĂtico. Para la recogida de datos se ha empleado la tĂ©cnica del photovoice y la dramatizaciĂłn que facilitarĂĄ la toma de conciencia de un problema social como es la violencia de gĂ©nero. Las bases epistemolĂłgicas de esta tĂ©cnica quedan ancladas en el modelo de concientizaciĂłn descrito por Paulo Freire y teorĂas crĂticas feministas. Participaron en el estudio estudiantes del Grado de EnfermerĂa, que cursan asignatura optativa de Cultura de los Cuidados.
El anĂĄlisis de los datos a travĂ©s de dos fases ha permitido generar categorĂas especĂficas para la temĂĄtica que nos ocupa Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto las potencialidades de tĂ©cnicas pedagĂłgicas visuales que permiten la toma de conciencia, el pensamiento crĂtico y la reflexiĂłn en estudiantes de enfermerĂa como futuros agentes de cambi
Recommendations by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy, the Spanish Society of Oncology Nursing and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology for the safe management of antineoplastic medication in cancer patients
Aim: To define recommendations that permit safe management of antineoplastic medication, minimise medication errors and improve the safety of cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods: By reviewing the literature and consulting the websites of various health organisations and agencies, an expert committee from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology defined a set of safe practices covering all stages of providing cancer therapy to patients. The Spanish Society of Oncology Nursing revised and endorsed the final list. Results: In total, 68 recommendations arranged in five sections were defined. They include issues concerning the training of health professionals, the technological resources needed, treatment planning, informing the patient and his/her family, the processes of prescribing, preparing, dispensing and administering cancer therapy (orally, parenterally or intrathecally), assessing patient adherence and treatment toxicity. Conclusions: It is essential for healthcare establishments to implement specific measures designed to prevent medication errors, in order to ensure the safety of cancer patients treated with antineoplastic medication.This project was supported with unrestricted grants from SEFH and SEOM