3,858 research outputs found
(Chloromethyl)pentacarbonylmanganese(I): a crystal structure with a non-crystallographic centre of symmetry
There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the P2â/c unit cell of ClCHâMn(CO)â
, the first halomethyl complex of manganese to be structurally determined. The molecules are crystallographically independent, despite an apparent local centre of symmetry. The average bond parameters include MnâCalkyl 2.128(8) Ă
, CâCl 1.811(8) Ă
and MnâCâCl 116.4(4)
Real-Time Automatic Fetal Brain Extraction in Fetal MRI by Deep Learning
Brain segmentation is a fundamental first step in neuroimage analysis. In the
case of fetal MRI, it is particularly challenging and important due to the
arbitrary orientation of the fetus, organs that surround the fetal head, and
intermittent fetal motion. Several promising methods have been proposed but are
limited in their performance in challenging cases and in real-time
segmentation. We aimed to develop a fully automatic segmentation method that
independently segments sections of the fetal brain in 2D fetal MRI slices in
real-time. To this end, we developed and evaluated a deep fully convolutional
neural network based on 2D U-net and autocontext, and compared it to two
alternative fast methods based on 1) a voxelwise fully convolutional network
and 2) a method based on SIFT features, random forest and conditional random
field. We trained the networks with manual brain masks on 250 stacks of
training images, and tested on 17 stacks of normal fetal brain images as well
as 18 stacks of extremely challenging cases based on extreme motion, noise, and
severely abnormal brain shape. Experimental results show that our U-net
approach outperformed the other methods and achieved average Dice metrics of
96.52% and 78.83% in the normal and challenging test sets, respectively. With
an unprecedented performance and a test run time of about 1 second, our network
can be used to segment the fetal brain in real-time while fetal MRI slices are
being acquired. This can enable real-time motion tracking, motion detection,
and 3D reconstruction of fetal brain MRI.Comment: This work has been submitted to ISBI 201
FootSpring: A Compliance Model for the ATHLETE Family of Robots
This paper describes and evaluates one method of modeling compliance in a wheel-on-leg walking robot. This method assumes that all of the robot s compliance takes place at the ground contact points, specifically the tires and legs, and that the rest of the robot is rigid. Optimization is used to solve for the displacement of the feet and of the center of gravity. This method was tested on both robots of the ATHLETE family, which have different compliance. For both robots, the model predicts the sag of points on the robot chassis with an average error of about one percent of the height of the robot
United States Patent Application Publication: COUNTER SELECTION STRATEGY FOR GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
A Gram-negative bacterium useful for genetically engineering plants is provided. The Gram-negative bacterium contains, as part of genome, an inducible regulatory sequence operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase. Alternatively, the Gram-negative bacterium comprises a recombinant nucleic acid construct containing an inducible regulatory sequence operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase. Also provided are recombinant nucleic acid constructs comprising an inducible regulatory sequence operatively coupled to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase and a method for transforming plants using the Gram-negative bacterium of the present invention
United States Patent Application Publication: COUNTER SELECTION STRATEGY FOR GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
A Gram-negative bacterium useful for genetically engineering plants is provided. The Gram-negative bacterium contains, as part of genome, an inducible regulatory sequence operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase. Alternatively, the Gram-negative bacterium comprises a recombinant nucleic acid construct containing an inducible regulatory sequence operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase. Also provided are recombinant nucleic acid constructs comprising an inducible regulatory sequence operatively coupled to a nucleotide sequence encoding a levansucrase and a method for transforming plants using the Gram-negative bacterium of the present invention
Learning to segment fetal brain tissue from noisy annotations
Automatic fetal brain tissue segmentation can enhance the quantitative
assessment of brain development at this critical stage. Deep learning methods
represent the state of the art in medical image segmentation and have also
achieved impressive results in brain segmentation. However, effective training
of a deep learning model to perform this task requires a large number of
training images to represent the rapid development of the transient fetal brain
structures. On the other hand, manual multi-label segmentation of a large
number of 3D images is prohibitive. To address this challenge, we segmented 272
training images, covering 19-39 gestational weeks, using an automatic
multi-atlas segmentation strategy based on deformable registration and
probabilistic atlas fusion, and manually corrected large errors in those
segmentations. Since this process generated a large training dataset with noisy
segmentations, we developed a novel label smoothing procedure and a loss
function to train a deep learning model with smoothed noisy segmentations. Our
proposed methods properly account for the uncertainty in tissue boundaries. We
evaluated our method on 23 manually-segmented test images of a separate set of
fetuses. Results show that our method achieves an average Dice similarity
coefficient of 0.893 and 0.916 for the transient structures of younger and
older fetuses, respectively. Our method generated results that were
significantly more accurate than several state-of-the-art methods including
nnU-Net that achieved the closest results to our method. Our trained model can
serve as a valuable tool to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of fetal
brain analysis in MRI
Advanced Automata Minimization
We present an efficient algorithm to reduce the size of nondeterministic
Buchi word automata, while retaining their language. Additionally, we describe
methods to solve PSPACE-complete automata problems like universality,
equivalence and inclusion for much larger instances (1-3 orders of magnitude)
than before. This can be used to scale up applications of automata in formal
verification tools and decision procedures for logical theories. The algorithm
is based on new transition pruning techniques. These use criteria based on
combinations of backward and forward trace inclusions. Since these relations
are themselves PSPACE-complete, we describe methods to compute good
approximations of them in polynomial time. Extensive experiments show that the
average-case complexity of our algorithm scales quadratically. The size
reduction of the automata depends very much on the class of instances, but our
algorithm consistently outperforms all previous techniques by a wide margin. We
tested our algorithm on Buchi automata derived from LTL-formulae, many classes
of random automata and automata derived from mutual exclusion protocols, and
compared its performance to the well-known automata tool GOAL.Comment: 15 page
Targeting Lipid Peroxidation for Cancer Treatment
grant number RTI2018-093864-B-I00Cancer is one of the highest prevalent diseases in humans. The chances of surviving cancer and its prognosis are very dependent on the affected tissue, body location, and stage at which the disease is diagnosed. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies worldwide are pursuing many attempts to look for compounds to treat this malignancy. Most of the current strategies to fight cancer implicate the use of compounds acting on DNA damage checkpoints, non-receptor tyrosine kinases activities, regulators of the hedgehog signaling pathways, and metabolic adaptations placed in cancer. In the last decade, the finding of a lipid peroxidation increase linked to 15-lipoxygenases isoform 1 (15-LOX-1) activity stimulation has been found in specific successful treatments against cancer. This discovery contrasts with the production of other lipid oxidation signatures generated by stimulation of other lipoxygenases such as 5-LOX and 12-LOX, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities, which have been suggested as cancer biomarkers and which inhibitors present anti-tumoral and antiproliferative activities. These findings support the previously proposed role of lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites as cancer cell mediators. Depletion or promotion of lipid peroxidation is generally related to a specific production source associated with a cancer stage or tissue in which cancer originates. This review highlights the potential therapeutical use of chemical derivatives to stimulate or block specific cellular routes to generate lipid hydroperoxides to treat this disease.publishersversionpublishe
Axisymmetric equilibria of a gravitating plasma with incompressible flows
It is found that the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium of an axisymmetric
gravitating magnetically confined plasma with incompressible flows is governed
by a second-order elliptic differential equation for the poloidal magnetic flux
function containing five flux functions coupled with a Poisson equation for the
gravitation potential, and an algebraic relation for the pressure. This set of
equations is amenable to analytic solutions. As an application, the
magnetic-dipole static axisymmetric equilibria with vanishing poloidal plasma
currents derived recently by Krasheninnikov, Catto, and Hazeltine [Phys. Rev.
Lett. {\bf 82}, 2689 (1999)] are extended to plasmas with finite poloidal
currents, subject to gravitating forces from a massive body (a star or black
hole) and inertial forces due to incompressible sheared flows. Explicit
solutions are obtained in two regimes: (a) in the low-energy regime
, where
, , , and are related to the thermal,
poloidal-current, flow and gravitating energies normalized to the
poloidal-magnetic-field energy, respectively, and (b) in the high-energy regime
. It turns out
that in the high-energy regime all four forces, pressure-gradient,
toroidal-magnetic-field, inertial, and gravitating contribute equally to the
formation of magnetic surfaces very extended and localized about the symmetry
plane such that the resulting equilibria resemble the accretion disks in
astrophysics.Comment: 12 pages, latex, to be published in Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid
Dynamic
Absence of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> in kiwifruit leaves and flowers from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Argentina has around 1000 ha of kiwifruit orchards in Buenos Aires Province. This country is recognized as free of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). In 2013, the National Sanitary Service (SENASA) imposed measures to avoid the entrance of this pathogen to the kiwifruit production areas. In this way, a vigilance plan was established and the introduction of plant material was regulated. In March 2015, three infected samples with Psa were detected in orchards at the South-East of Buenos Aires Province and they were immediately eradicated by SENASA. The objective of this work was to identify the bacteria associated with kiwifruit leaf spots and flower blights in commercial orchards of Actinidia deliciosa âHaywardâ at Buenos Aires Province, during the 2015-2016 growing season. On spring and autumn seasons, plant tissues were collected from a 100 ha area located in the North and South-East of this Province. Bacterial isolates were obtained from flowers and leaves by tissues mashing and inoculation on nutrient agar supplemented with 5% sucrose (NSA). The primary identification of isolates was performed by biochemical and physiological tests. To confirm their identity, duplex-PCR tests were performed, including negative and positive controls (no template and Psa DNA, respectively). From symptomatic and asymptomatic samples, 120 bacterial isolates were obtained. Thirty of these isolates were morphologically similar to Psa, forming white-creamy, convex, domed and mucoid colonies on NSA. Also, all of them were Gram-negative, produced a green fluorescent pigment on Kingâs B medium and their metabolism was aerobic. However, none of these strains examined produced any bands following the amplification by PCR with Psa specific primers. Our results show the absence of Psa in the analyzed samples. Further studies are needed to identify these non-Psa bacteria associated with kiwifruit leaf spots and flower blights.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale
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