Trastornos del sueño en la enfermedad de Parkinson y otros trastornos del movimiento

Neurodegenerative processes with movement disorders is predominant features show a high incidence of sleep alterations at some point in their evolution. The degeneration of structures responsible for maintaining the sleep-wakefulness cycles and the architecture of sleep could be at their root. Other factors like the drugs employed in the treatment of motor problems, the limitations to movement, etc., aggravate the problem. Although, at present, there is no medical therapy able to restore the defects derived from the degeneration of the key structures of sleep, an individual analysis of the coadyuvant factors in each patient could help to improve these problems. In this article we describe the main sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease and other degenerative diseases such as multi-system atrophies or progressive supranuclear paralysis

Ensayo de la lucha contra el “reptilo” del olivo en la provincia de Granada. III

Durante un periodo de dos años (1967 y 1968) se ha ensayado en condiciones naturales la efectividad que sobre el "repilo" del olivo presentan algunos fungicidas cúpricos y acúpricos. En las condiciones ensayadas la efectividad de los 'fungicidas cúpricos (.oxicloruro de cobre, utilizado tanto en primavera como en otoño) resultó ser muy semejante a la de los acúpricos empleados (Captan en primavera y Dipholatan en otoño), mientras que el nuevo fungicida acúprico ensayado, Zireb, que fue usado tanto en primavera como en otoño, proporcionó escasos resultados satisfactorios. Todos los tratamientos presentaron una alta significación frente al testigo.The effectivity of several copper and non-copper fungicides on the olive leaf-spot caused by Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.) Hug'h. has been tested under natural conditions, for two years (1967 and 1968) . Under our Iconditions thle best results hav,e been obitained accocr-ding to the following' order in decreasing activity: Coppe,r oxychloride (used in spring and autum), Captan (spring) and Dipholatan (autum) , and Zireb which gives the least effectivity. There is a significance of all the treatments in relation to the blanks

Age-dependent effects of moderate differences in environmental predictability forecasted by climate change, experimental evidence from a short-lived lizard (Zootoca vivipara)

Whether and how differences in environmental predictability affect life-history traits is controversial and may depend on mean environmental conditions. Solid evidence for effects of environmental predictability are lacking and thus, the consequences of the currently observed and forecasted climate-change induced reduction of precipitation predictability are largely unknown. Here we experimentally tested whether and how changes in the predictability of precipitation affect growth, reproduction, and survival of common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Precipitation predictability affected all three age classes. While adults were able to compensate the treatment effects, yearlings and juvenile females were not able to compensate negative effects of less predictable precipitation on growth and body condition, respectively. Differences among the age-classes’ response reflect differences (among age-classes) in the sensitivity to environmental predictability. Moreover, effects of environmental predictability depended on mean environmental conditions. This indicates that integrating differences in environmental sensitivity, and changes in averages and the predictability of climatic variables will be key to understand whether species are able to cope with the current climatic change

Land Use/Land Cover Assessment over Time Using a New Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) Based on an Object-Oriented Model and GIS data

[EN] For the first time, this paper introduces and describes a new Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) based on object-oriented models and GIS data. The index has been designed to integrate all the available information from extensive and detailed GIS databases. After the conceptual definition of the index has been justified, two applications for the regional and local scales of the WEI are shown. The applications analyze the evolution over time of the environmental value from land-use change for two different case studies in Spain: the Valencian Region and the L'Alcora municipality. Data have been obtained from the Spanish Land Occupation Information System (SIOSE) public database and integrate GIS information about land use/land cover on an extensive, high-detailed scale. 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Revisión crítica de la estimulación subtalámica en la enfermedad de Parkinson

The authors critically review subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation for Parkinson's disease (PD) at long follow-up (3-5 years). Subthalamic stimulation induce a significant improvement during the "off" medication in the assessment motor score UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale) 3-5 years after surgery. Results show that the benefits obtained in tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesias induced by medication and levodopa reduction are significantly maintained during long term. The improvement in other clinical signs as gait and postural stability at long follow-up are not maintained comparing with the benefits obtained one year after surgery. A high percentage of patients show a cognitive disturbance during the follow-up period that may be correlated with the disease progression. The conclusion is that bilateral STN stimulation is an effective treatment for PD patients at long term but it should be considered earlier in the course of P

Heparan sulphate mediates swine vesicular disease virus attachment to the host cell

Heparan sulphate (HS) has been found to serve as receptor for initial cell binding of numerous viruses. Different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including heparin and HS, were analysed for their ability to bind swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), a picornavirus with close homology to human coxsackie B5 virus. Binding of SVDV was established by heparin-affinity chromatography. In addition, infection of IB-RS-2 epithelial porcine cells was inhibited by treating the virus with soluble HS, heparin, and chondroitin sulphate B (CS-B), as well as by enzymic digestion of cell surface GAGs. Analysis of the infection course showed that SVDV uses cellular HS for its binding to the cell surface and that this interaction occurs during attachment of the virus, prior to its internalization into the cell. Sequence analysis of SVDV variants selected for their lack of sensitivity to heparin inhibition in vitro led to the identification of two residues (A2135V and 11 266K) potentially involved in heparin/HS interaction. The location of these residues in a three-dimensional model shows that they are clustered in a well-exposed region of the capsid, providing a physical mechanism that could account for the heparin-binding phenotype

Development of a multiplex assay for antibody detection in serum against pathogens affecting ruminants

Numerous infectious diseases impacting livestock impose an important economic burden and in some cases also represent a threat to humans and are classified as zoonoses. Some zoonotic diseases are transmitted by vectors and, due to complex environmental and socio‐economic factors, the distribution of many of these pathogens is changing, with increasing numbers being found in previously unaffected countries. Here, we developed a multiplex assay, based on a suspension microarray, able to detect specific antibodies to five important pathogens of livestock (three of them zoonotic) that are currently emerging in new geographical locations: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the bacteria complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using the Luminex platform, polystyrene microspheres were coated with recombinant proteins from each of the five pathogens. The mix of microspheres was used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against the five corresponding diseases affecting ruminants. The following panel of sera was included in the study: 50 sera from sheep experimentally infected with RVFV, 74 sera from calves and lambs vaccinated with SBV, 26 sera from cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis, 30 field sera from different species of ruminants infected with CCHFV and 88 calf sera infected with BTV. Finally, to determine its diagnostic specificity 220 field sera from Spanish farms free of the five diseases were assessed. All the sera were classified using commercial ELISAs specific for each disease, used in this study as the reference technique. The results showed the multiplex assay exhibited good performance characteristics with values of sensitivity ranging from 93% to 100% and of specificity ranging from 96% to 99% depending on the pathogen. This new tool allows the simultaneous detection of antibodies against five important pathogens, reducing the volume of sample needed and the time of analysis where these pathogens are usually tested individually

Time-window of occurrence and vegetation cover preferences of Dartford and Sardinian Warblers after fire

Abstract Wildfires are the most extensive and severe disturbance affecting the shrublands where Sardinian and Dartford Warblers (Sylvia melanocephala and S. undata) abound. Estimating the long-term use of burned habitats by these species (i.e. their time-window of occurrence) is fundamental to understanding their regional distribution and to plan possible conservation measures for the nearthreatened Dartford Warbler. In this study, we describe the post-fire time-window of occurrence and cover preferences of the two warblers using an abundance dataset, gathered by point counts over 22 consecutive years, and a density dataset, resulting from territory mapping of four different plots for up to 8 years. Both datasets span before and after fire. The two species colonized burned areas as soon as the second year after fire. The Dartford Warbler showed its highest abundance between 4 and 9 years after fire an

Exergy assessment and sustainability of a simple off-shore oscillating water column device

This work was funded by Andalusian Regional Government, Spain, projects P18-RT-3595 and B-RNM-346-UGR18. Research to be continued under grant TED2021-131717B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by ERDF A way of making Europe, by he European Union and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.This paper present a research on the performance efficiency and sustainability of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) simple off-shore device, accounting for the influence of governing thermodynamic variables (moisture, temperature, pressure) in the compression/expansion polytropic process. The work proposes a simple off-shore OWC experimental set up as the basis of the study. The analysis takes into consideration both gas subsystems inside and outside the OWC, to achieve a better understanding of the conservative nature of entropy system variable, the net exchange balance, the effects on efficiency and exergy destruction, and the interpretation of the OWC as a thermodynamic engine. Results show that, within the context of the set up, moderate wave climate conditions contribute to a better efficiency of the device in terms of output power, providing with a low impact on exergy destruction and high sustainability in terms of renewability index.Andalusian Regional Government, Spain, projects P18-RT-3595 and B-RNM-346-UGR18Grant TED2021-131717B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033ERDF A way of making Europe, by he European Union and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRT