Editorial: Vaginal dysbiosis and biofilms

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Fruit intake and obesity Fruit and vegetables consumption and obesity in Brazil

Introduction: Obesity affects more than half of the adult population and correlates with the development of chronic and psychosocial diseases. The consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is a protective factor for obesity, but their consumption is often below the recommendations. Objective: To identify the level of fruit consumption in human development cycles, as well as the data on the association of fruit consumption with excess weight in Brazil. Methods: A non-systematic literature review on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases for the period 2005 to 2015. A total of 23 studies were selected in the English and Portuguese languages, according to the study design and population group. Only cohorts and cross sections studies in Brazil were selected. Appropriate FV consumption was considered to be 400 g/day or a frequency of 5 servings/day (3 servings/day of fruits), and overweight was evaluated according to each age group and development cycle. Results: The average consumption for pregnant women was found to be 350 g/day; an inverse relationship was found between total fi bre consumption and gestational weight gain. The average consumption of FV for children and adolescents has remained between 30% and 40%, consumption falling with increasing age. Vigitel data between 2006 and 2014 shows an increase in the prevalence of adequate consumption of FV for adults and seniors according to gender, age and education. Appropriate consumption tripled during this period. There was an association between fruit consumption and weight loss, increased risk of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and presence of metabolic syndrome (SM). Conclusions: The prevalence of adequate consumption of FV is low in all regions of Brazil and among all age groups, the highest prevalence is among women and increases with the advance of age, higher education level and higher socioeconomic status. Adequate fruit consumption correlates to weight loss and/or weight gain control of individuals

Abordagem territorial do rural e o dilema em conceituar campo

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar o dilema na conceituação do campo e do rural no Brasil, no qual, após exaustiva revisão bibliográfica teórico-empírica em torno da caracterização da ruralidade numa abordagem territorial, apresentamos a agricultura e sua afirmação como atividade determinante da estrutura rural e como eixo articulador de economia diversificada. Dessa forma, o rural passa a incorporar áreas dispersas e concentrações urbanas que se explicam por sua relação com os recursos naturais, considerando a diversidade de setores econômicos interdependentes, envolvendo dimensões econômicas e não econômicas, estabelecendo relações funcionais de integração com o urbano e fundamentando-se em visão territorial. A questão que persiste é: conceituar-se campo implica em diferenciar-se do rural? A ruralidade pode ser considerada como a apropriação do campo ao rural, considerando-se as economias de escala geradas a partir das atividades não agrícolas

Pulgões do trigo e ação de parasitoides em Augusto Pestana, noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

A compreensão das relações ecológicas é fundamental para o estabelecimento de estratégias de manejo de pulgões em agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de pulgões associados à cultura do trigo e o nível de parasitismo natural em lavouras com diferentes manejos fitossanitários. O estudo foi realizado no município de Augusto Pestana, Rio Grande do Sul, em cinco unidades experimentais (lavoura) de 3.500m2 cada. As populações de pulgões foram monitoradas por amostragem direta a intervalos semanais a partir do estágio de perfilhamento até o período de maturação fisiológica da cultura. Foram diagnosticadas quatro espécies de pulgões: Sitobion avenae (87%), Rhopalosiphum padi (8,3%), Schizaphis graminum (3,9%) e Metopolophium dirhodum (0,8%). O número de pulgões encontrado não atingiu 10 pulgões por afilho durante o estudo, possivelmente em decorrência da utilização de inseticidas nesses locais. O nível natural de parasitismo acompanhou o crescimento populacional de afídeos. Foi registrada a ocorrência dos parasitóides Aphidius uzbekistanicus e Aphidius sp

Investigating Sar-Optical Deep Learning Data Fusion to Map the Brazilian Cerrado Vegetation with Sentinel Data

Despite its environmental and societal importance, accurately mapping the Brazilian Cerrado's vegetation is still an open challenge. Its diverse but spectrally similar physiognomies are difficult to be identified and mapped by state-of-the-art methods from only medium-to high-resolution optical images. This work investigates the fusion of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical data in convolutional neural network architectures to map the Cerrado according to a 2-level class hierarchy. Additionally, the proposed model is designed to deal with uncertainties that are brought by the difference in resolution between the input images (at 10m) and the reference data (at 30m). We tested four data fusion strategies and showed that the position for the data combination is important for the network to learn better features.</p

Tributos e ambiente: a extrafiscalidade como indutora de práticas sustentáveis

O princípio fundamental da dignidade humana, os direitos sociais e o direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado formam o Estado Socioambiental, onde estes elementos ensejam políticas públicas a fim de executá-los. Considerando a capacidade da carga tributária em induzir comportamentos através de estímulos ou desestímulos, e a possibilidade de colaborar na efetivação dos objetivos do Estado, este artigo pretende responder se o conceito da extrafiscalidade, com vistas a indução de práticas ambientais sustentáveis, pode ser utilizado em todo tributo. Ademais, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a extrafiscalidade tributária como instrumento de indução de comportamentos. Como meio de investigação, foi adotado o método dedutivo e a pesquisa documental. No mais, a pesquisa possui natureza básica e objetivo exploratório. Como resultado, a pesquisa concluiu ser perfeitamente possível e viável que o Poder Público utilize a função extrafiscal em todos os tributos, inclusive naqueles cuja função precípua seja a arrecadação.   

Tipologías y caracterización de sistemas de cría bovina de la Pampa deprimida

La identificación y caracterización de los sistemas ganaderos permite acotar la diversidad y contribuir al proceso de toma de decisiones. Con el objetivo de identificar las tipologías de sistemas de cría bovina de la Pampa Deprimida se procesó la información de una encuesta de 115 predios utilizando 39 variables diagnósticas. Se analizaron datos de estructura de los establecimientos, indicadores productivos, recursos forrajeros y prácticas de alimentación animal, reproducción, prácticas sanitarias e información social. A partir de un análisis de conglomerados se establecieron cuatro grupos: G1: Productor tecnificado de escala media; G2: Productor tradicional de escala media; G3: Empresa tecnificada local de escala grande; y G4: Empresa tecnificada de escala grande. La carga animal media fue 0,72 vaca equivalente ha-1. Los sistemas tecnificados presentaron mejores indicadores productivos que el tradicional. El principal recurso forrajero fue el campo natural, con mayor proporción en tradicionales (98%) que en tecnificados (67-72%). En éstos últimos la dieta también incluyó pasturas cultivadas (9-19%), verdeos de invierno (8,2-8,9%) y de verano (4,7-5,5%). Los tecnificados difirieron principalmente en escala (P 92%), el uso y frecuencia de consultoría profesional, y prácticas aplicadas de salud animal, entre otros. Las tipologías obtenidas pueden contribuir al diseño de propuestas específicas de transferencia tecnológica por instituciones del sector. Identification and characterization of livestock systems help improve decision-making. In order to identify the typology of cow-calf systems from the Flooding Pampas, survey data of 115 farms were processed using 39 diagnostic variables. Data on farm structure, productivity indicators, forage resources, animal feeding practices, reproduction, animal health practices, and social information were analyzed. A cluster analysis was used to establish farm typologies. Four farm groups (G) were differentiated using cluster analysis: G1: Medium-scale technified farmer; G2: Medium-scale traditional farmer; G3: Large-scale technified local enterprise; and G4: Large-scale technified 4 enterprise. Overall mean stocking rate was 0.72 cow unit ha-1. The technified systems had better productivity indicators than the traditional systems. The main fodder resource was grasslands, accounting for 98% and 67-72% of traditional (98%) and technified (67-72%) systems, respectively. The diet in technified systems also included cultivated pastures (9-19%), and winter (8.2-8.9%) and summer fodder crops (4.7-5.5%). The technified systems mainly differed in terms of scale (P 92%), use and frequency of agricultural consultancy, adoption of different animal management practices, among others. This livestock farm typology may help agricultural institutions design specific technology transfer proposalsIdentification and characterization of livestock systems help improve decision-making. In order to identify the typology of cow-calf systems from the Flooding Pampas, survey data of 115 farms were processed using 39 diagnostic variables. Data on farm structure, productivity indicators, forage resources, animal feeding practices, reproduction, animal health practices, and social information were analyzed. A cluster analysis was used to establish farm typologies. Four farm groups (G) were differentiated using cluster analysis: G1: Medium-scale technified farmer; G2: Medium-scale traditional farmer; G3: Large-scale technified local enterprise; and G4: Large-scale technified enterprise. Overall mean stocking rate was 0.72 cow unit ha-1. The technified systems had better productivity indicators than the traditional systems. The main fodder resource was grasslands, accounting for 98% and 67-72% of traditional (98%) and technified (67-72%) systems, respectively. The diet in technified systems also included cultivated pastures (9-19%), and winter (8.2-8.9%) and summer fodder crops (4.7-5.5%). The technified systems mainly differed in terms of scale (P 92%), use and frequency of agricultural consultancy, adoption of different animal management practices, among others. This livestock farm typology may help agricultural institutions design specific technology transfer proposalsEEA BalcarceFil: Faverin, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Machado, Claudio. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin