Ferrugem‑asiática da soja no Brasil: passado, presente e futuro

Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most severe disease of the crop and can cause yield losses of up to 90%. The disease was first reported in Brazil in 2001. Epidemics of the disease are common in the country, where the fungus can survive year‑round. Regulatory measures to reduce the inoculum between seasons and avoid late-season soybean have been adopted to manage the disease. Disease control has relied mainly on chemical control, but a lower sensibility of the fungus to fungicides has been reported in Brazil. Major‑resistance genes have been mapped and incorporated into the cultivars. With the reduced efficacy of the fungicides, the adoption of integrated measures to control the disease will be important for the sustainability of the crop. This review presents the main changes in the soybean crop system caused by the introduction of the fungus in Brazil, the current management strategies adopted to avoid losses, and the new trends that, together with biotechnological strategies, can improve management in the future.A ferrugem‑asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, é a doença mais severa da cultura e pode causar perdas de produtividade de até 90%. A doença foi relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil em 2001. Epidemias da doença são comuns no País, onde o fungo pode sobreviver durante todo o ano. Medidas regulatórias para reduzir o inóculo entre safras e evitar a semeadura tardia de soja têm sido adotadas para manejar a doença. O controle da doença tem se baseado principalmente no controle químico, mas uma menor sensibilidade do fungo aos fungicidas tem sido relatada no Brasil. Genes de resistência têm sido mapeados e incorporados às cultivares. Por causa da redução da eficiência dos fungicidas, a adoção de medidas integradas para o controle da doença será importante para a sustentabilidade da cultura. Este artigo de revisão apresenta as principais mudanças no sistema de produção da soja causadas pela introdução do fungo no Brasil, as medidas de controle atualmente usadas para evitar perdas, e as novas tendências que, juntas com estratégias biotecnológicas, podem melhorar o manejo da doença no futuro

Compatibilidade micelial e agressividade de isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the USA, assess their aggressiveness variability, and verify the existence of an isolate-cultivar interaction. Isolate variability was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG), and isolate aggressiveness by cut‑stem inoculations of soybean cultivars. Two experiments for MCGs and two for aggressiveness were conducted with two sets of isolates. The first set included nine isolates from the same soybean field in Brazil and nine from the Midwest region of the USA. The second set included 16 isolates from several regions of Brazil and one from the USA. In the first set, 18 isolates formed 12 different MCGs. In the second set, 81% of the isolates from Brazil grouped into a single MCG. No common MCGs were observed among isolates from Brazil and the USA. The isolates showed aggressiveness differences in the first set, but not in the second. Although aggressiveness differed in the first set, soybean cultivars and isolates did not interact significantly. Cultivar rank remained the same, regardless of the genetic diversity, aggressiveness difference, and region or country of origin of the isolate. Results from screening of soybean cultivars, performed by the cut‑stem method in the USA, can be used as reference for researchers in Brazil.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética entre isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum do Brasil e dos EUA, determinar sua variabilidade quanto à agressividade e verificar a existência de interação isolado-cultivar. A variabilidade dos isolados foi determinada por agrupamento de compatibilidade micelial (ACM), e a agressividade dos isolados, por meio de inoculações, com corte da haste, em cultivares de soja. Dois experimentos de ACM e dois de agressividade foram realizados, com dois conjuntos de isolados. O primeiro conjunto incluiu nove isolados, do mesmo campo de soja no Brasil, e nove da região Meio‑Oeste dos EUA. O segundo conjunto incluiu 16 isolados de várias regiões do Brasil e um dos EUA. No primeiro conjunto, 18 isolados formaram 12 ACMs diferentes. No segundo conjunto, 81% dos isolados do Brasil formaram um único ACM. Nenhum ACM comum foi observado entre os isolados do Brasil e dos EUA. Os isolados apresentaram diferenças quanto à agressividade no primeiro conjunto de isolados, mas não no segundo. Embora a agressividade tenha diferido no primeiro conjunto, as cultivares de soja e os isolados não interagiram significativamente. A classificação das cultivares permaneceu a mesma, independentemente da diversidade genética, da diferença quanto à agressividade e da região ou país de origem do isolado. Resultados da seleção de cultivares de soja, realizada pelo método de inoculação de corte da haste nos EUA, podem ser utilizados como referência para pesquisadores no Brasil

Fractures of the proximal femur: correlation with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism

Fractures are the feared consequences of osteoporosis and fractures of the proximal femur (FPF) are those that involve the highest morbidity and mortality. Thus far, evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) is the best way to determine the risk of fracture. Genetic inheritance, in turn, is one of the major determinants of BMD. A correlation between different genotypes of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and BMD has been recently reported. On this basis, we decided to determine the importance of the determination of VDR genotype in the presence of an osteoporotic FPF in a Brazilian population. We studied three groups: group I consisted of 73 elderly subjects older than 65 years (78.5 ± 7.2 years) hospitalized for nonpathological FPF; group II consisted of 50 individuals older than 65 years (72.9 ± 5.2 years) without FPF and group III consisted of 98 young normal Brazilian individuals aged 32.6 ± 6.6 years (mean ± SD). Analysis of VDR gene polymorphism by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed by PCR amplification followed by BsmI digestion of DNA isolated from peripheral leukocytes. The genotype distribution in group I was 20.5% BB, 42.5% Bb and 37% bb and did not differ significantly from the values obtained for group II (16% BB, 36% Bb and 48% bb) or for group III (10.2% BB, 47.6% Bb and 41.8% bb). No differences in genotype distribution were observed between sexes or between the young and elderly groups. We conclude that determination of VDR polymorphism is of no practical use for the prediction of FPF. Other nongenetic factors probably start to affect bone mass, the risk to fall and consequently the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures with advancing age.A01Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São PauloUNIFESPSciEL

Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and nutrition in preterm newborns: meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados ao politraumatismo em atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

The aim was to identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses in occurrences of multiple trauma, since this activity, exclusive to nurses, is recognized for its work of excellence in pre-hospital care. The results help nurses to act in the context of trauma emergencies and highlight the potential of nursing diagnoses in prioritizing care for patients who are victims of multiple traumas. It was evidenced that the Acute Pain diagnosis was more prevalent, even though pain is subjective and the target of lived experiences in relation to sensory perception. Then, the diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility, which involves the ability to move and the immobilizations performed during care, and then the diagnoses related to oxygenation and breathing, such as Ineffective Breathing Pattern and Impaired Gas Exchange. Specific nursing interventions for the diagnoses found were presented.Objetivou-se identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes em ocorrências de politraumatismo, uma vez que essa atividade, privativa do enfermeiro, é reconhecida pelo seu trabalho de excelência no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Os resultados auxiliam na atuação do enfermeiro no cenário das emergências em trauma e salientam o potencial dos diagnósticos de enfermagem na priorização da assistência às pacientes vítimas de múltiplos traumas. Evidenciou-se que o diagnóstico Dor Aguda teve mais prevalência, mesmo a dor sendo subjetiva e alvo de experiências vividas em relação a percepção sensorial. Em seguida, o diagnóstico de Mobilidade Física Prejudicada, que envolve a capacidade de mover-se e as imobilizações feitas no atendimento, e então os diagnósticos relacionados à oxigenação e respiração, como Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e Troca de Gases Prejudicada. Intervenções de enfermagem específicas para os diagnósticos encontrados foram apresentadas

Diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados ao politraumatismo em atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

The aim was to identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses in occurrences of multiple trauma, since this activity, exclusive to nurses, is recognized for its work of excellence in pre-hospital care. The results help nurses to act in the context of trauma emergencies and highlight the potential of nursing diagnoses in prioritizing care for patients who are victims of multiple traumas. It was evidenced that the Acute Pain diagnosis was more prevalent, even though pain is subjective and the target of lived experiences in relation to sensory perception. Then, the diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility, which involves the ability to move and the immobilizations performed during care, and then the diagnoses related to oxygenation and breathing, such as Ineffective Breathing Pattern and Impaired Gas Exchange. Specific nursing interventions for the diagnoses found were presented.Objetivou-se identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes em ocorrências de politraumatismo, uma vez que essa atividade, privativa do enfermeiro, é reconhecida pelo seu trabalho de excelência no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Os resultados auxiliam na atuação do enfermeiro no cenário das emergências em trauma e salientam o potencial dos diagnósticos de enfermagem na priorização da assistência às pacientes vítimas de múltiplos traumas. Evidenciou-se que o diagnóstico Dor Aguda teve mais prevalência, mesmo a dor sendo subjetiva e alvo de experiências vividas em relação a percepção sensorial. Em seguida, o diagnóstico de Mobilidade Física Prejudicada, que envolve a capacidade de mover-se e as imobilizações feitas no atendimento, e então os diagnósticos relacionados à oxigenação e respiração, como Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e Troca de Gases Prejudicada. Intervenções de enfermagem específicas para os diagnósticos encontrados foram apresentadas

Desenvolvimento de escleródios de Sclerotium rolfsii em palhas de soja, milho e trigo, sob diferentes temperaturas e umidades do solo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of moisture and temperature on the development of Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean, corn, and wheat straw. Wheat straw produced the lowest number of sclerotia. Intermediate soil moisture level (70% of field capacity), and temperatures ranging between 25–30oC favored sclerotia development. No sclerotia were formed at temperatures between 30–35oC, on any type of straw.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da umidade e da temperatura do solo no desenvolvimento de Sclerotium rolfsii sobre palhas de soja, milho e trigo. A palha de trigo proporcionou a formação de menor quantidade de escleródios. Umidade do solo intermediária (70% da capacidade de campo) e temperaturas entre 25–300C favoreceram a formação de escleródios. Na faixa de 30–350C, nenhum escleródio foi produzido em qualquer tipo de palha

A EQUIPE MULTIPROFISSIONAL E O DEBATE ACERCA DO ATENDIMENTO HUMANIZADO

The provision of health services permeates the interaction between professionals from different areas, highlighting the importance of the multidisciplinary team. Humanized care emerges as a crucial element in this context, aiming to provide a patient-centered approach, respecting their individuality and promoting comprehensive care. This study seeks to analyze the relationship between the performance of the multidisciplinary team and the implementation of humanized care, exploring the available literature to understand the practices, challenges and benefits associated with this approach in the healthcare setting. The methodology adopted consists of an integrative literature review, allowing a comprehensive analysis of relevant studies on the intersection between the multidisciplinary team and humanized care. The search and selection of articles were carried out systematically in scientific databases. The results reveal that the integrated action of the multidisciplinary team is essential to promote humanization in health care. The exchange of knowledge and collaboration between different professionals contribute to a more holistic and effective approach, meeting the physical, emotional and social needs of patients. Discussions address challenges faced by the multidisciplinary team, such as interdisciplinary communication and overcoming hierarchical barriers. Furthermore, the benefits of humanized care stand out, including greater patient satisfaction, improved adherence to treatment and strengthening of the therapeutic bond. This study highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary team in the context of humanized care, highlighting the need for policies and practices that encourage interdisciplinary collaboration. Promoting an organizational culture that values ​​humanization in care contributes to the quality and effectiveness of health services.A prestação de serviços de saúde permeia a interação entre profissionais de diversas áreas, destacando a importância da equipe multiprofissional. O atendimento humanizado emerge como um elemento crucial nesse contexto, visando proporcionar uma abordagem centrada no paciente, respeitando sua individualidade e promovendo a integralidade do cuidado. Este estudo busca analisar a relação entre a atuação da equipe multiprofissional e a implementação do atendimento humanizado, explorando a literatura disponível para compreender as práticas, desafios e benefícios associados a essa abordagem no cenário da saúde. A metodologia adotada consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, permitindo a análise abrangente de estudos relevantes sobre a interseção entre a equipe multiprofissional e o atendimento humanizado. A busca e seleção dos artigos foram realizadas de forma sistemática em bases de dados científicas. Os resultados revelam que a atuação integrada da equipe multiprofissional é fundamental para promover a humanização no atendimento em saúde. A troca de conhecimentos e a colaboração entre diferentes profissionais contribuem para uma abordagem mais holística e eficaz, atendendo às necessidades físicas, emocionais e sociais dos pacientes. Discussões abordam desafios enfrentados pela equipe multiprofissional, como a comunicação interdisciplinar e a superação de barreiras hierárquicas. Além disso, destacam-se os benefícios do atendimento humanizado, incluindo maior satisfação do paciente, melhoria na adesão ao tratamento e fortalecimento do vínculo terapêutico. Este estudo ressalta a importância da equipe multiprofissional no contexto do atendimento humanizado, evidenciando a necessidade de políticas e práticas que incentivem a colaboração interdisciplinar. A promoção de uma cultura organizacional que valorize a humanização no cuidado contribui para a qualidade e efetividade dos serviços de saúde

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio