The Second Meeting of Barbados and the First Congress of Black Culture in the Americas: Shared horizons between indigenous and afro-descendants in Latin America

Indexación: Revista UNAB.Este trabajo analiza de manera comparada las primeras reuniones continentales organizadas por indígenas y afrodescendientes en América Latina el año 1977: la Segunda Reunión de Barbados y el Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas. A partir de la revisión de los documentos emanados de ellos, se propone un ejercicio de intersección histórica que identifica no solo un contexto común, sino también discursos y aspiraciones compartidos, como la lucha contra el racismo, la formulación de una crítica anticolonial y la construcción de una identidad político-cultural. Las discusiones y propuestas que surgieron de estas instancias colectivas nos permiten considerarlas como hitos fundacionales de los actuales movimientos indígena y afrodescendiente.This article comparatively analyzes the first continental meetings organized by indigenous activists and Afro-descendants in Latin America: the Second Meeting of Barbados (Segunda Reunión de Barbados) and the First Congress of Black Culture in the Americas (Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas), both held in 1977. Based on the conference proceedings, we question the historical intersection that not only identify a common context but also shared discourses and aspirations, such as the struggle against racism, the formulation of an anti-colonial critique, and the construction of a political-cultural identity. As we argue, the discussions and proposals made in these gatherings can be considered foundational of the current indigenous and Afro-descendant movements

Improvements based on Machine Learning on a BLE system for indoor zoning and location

RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la mejora de los resultados obtenidos en trabajos anteriores de un sistema de posicionamiento para interiores basado en balizas Bluetooth. Para cumplir dicho objetivo, el desarrollo de este trabajo consiste en analizar y aplicar diferentes algoritmos y modelos de Machine Learning sobre los conjuntos de datos de las distintas medidas. Este trabajo se ha centrado en las medidas de las balizas Bluetooth que fueron obtenidas en el segundo trabajo citado anteriormente mediante un sistema de módulos Bluetooth cuyas señales son recibidas y almacenadas por un terminal móvil para poder procesar los datos después y determinar correctamente su posición. Estas medidas han sido utilizadas como datos de entrenamiento con los distintos algoritmos y se han evaluado varias rutas posibles en la zona de estudio. Mediante el uso del lenguaje R se han implementado siete algoritmos distintos y debido a esta variedad de modelos estudiados se ha podido obtener una gran variedad de resultados y determinar el modelo que mejor funciona en este problema. También, se han realizado los mismos pasos sobre otros conjuntos de datos, uno solo de medidas Wi-Fi y otro utilizando ambas medidas, Bluetooth y Wi-Fi. La aplicación de estas técnicas de Machine Learning ha conseguido que, pese a que en algunos casos los resultados sean bajos, se mejoren los resultados obtenidos en los trabajos anteriores, por tanto, se ha cumplido el objetivo propuesto.ABSTRACT: This paper aims to improve the results obtained in previous works of an indoor positioning system based on Bluetooth beacons. To achieve this objective, the development of this work consists of analyzing and applying different algorithms and Machine Learning models on the datasets of the different measures. This work is focused on the measurements of the Bluetooth beacons, which were obtained in the second project mentioned above using a system of Bluetooth modules whose signals are received and stored by a mobile terminal in order to be able to process the data later and determine their position correctly. These measurements have been used as training datasets with the different algorithms and several possible routes have been tested in the study area. Using the R language, seven different algorithms have been implemented and due to this diversity of models studied, it has been possible to obtain a great variety of results and to determine the model that works best in this problem. At the same time, the same steps have been performed on other datasets, one of only Wi-Fi measurements and another one consisting of both measurements, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. The application of these Machine Learning techniques has managed that, even though the results are low in some cases, the results obtained in previous works are improved, therefore, the proposed objective has been met.Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicació

USP45 and Spindly are part of the same complex implicated in cell migration

Abstract Ubiquitylation is a protein modification implicated in several cellular processes. This process is reversible by the action of deubiquinating enzymes (DUBs). USP45 is a ubiquitin specific protease about which little is known, aside from roles in DNA damage repair and differentiation of the vertebrate retina. Here, by using mass spectrometry we have identified Spindly as a new target of USP45. Our data show that Spindly and USP45 are part of the same complex and that their interaction specifically depends on the catalytic activity of USP45. In addition, we describe the type of ubiquitin chains associated with the complex that can be cleaved by USP45, with a preferential activity on K48 ubiquitin chain type and potentially K6. Here, we also show that Spindly is mono-ubiquitylated and this can be specifically removed by USP45 in its active form but not by the catalytic inactive form. Lastly, we identified a new role for USP45 in cell migration, similar to that which was recently described for Spindly

Las barreras no arancelarias y su repercusión en las exportaciones de capsicums en fresco de las empresas agroexportadoras de los valles de Chao y Virú – región La Libertad al mercado de New York – Estados Unidos, Trujillo 2017

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Student involvement and leadership : A commitment to active citizenship.

El liderazgo asumido como postura ética con corresponsabilidad hacia la acción plantea un reto complejo en su alcance, por múltiples aspectos inherentes a los seres humanos y sus procesos evolutivos. Es necesario emprender caminos y aventurarse a tejer formas y experiencias que lleven a este. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad del Valle, interpretando la misión universitaria y basada en su Plan Estratégico 2005-2015; toma como propia la responsabilidad de promover espacios e iniciativas que fomenten el liderazgo en los estudiantes a través del desarrollo de dos estrategias: Formación y Promoción del Liderazgo, a partir del acompañamiento en iniciativas y representaciones de los estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería. Este artículo recoge diferentes voces de estudiantes que han sido participes de iniciativas generadas a partir del Proyecto de Liderazgo y del desarrollo de sus estrategias, con el propósito de rescatar y revelar la riqueza de sus posibilidades, lo mismo que las dificultades que entraña una propuesta movilizadora democrática y humanista que comprende diversas formas de asumir la vida individual y proyectarse en el horizonte de lo colectivo. Reflexion final: La experiencia en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad del Valle, sobre liderazgo y participación estudiantil, aporta la necesidad de fomentar un liderazgo cimentado en lo colectivo, pero centrado en potencialidades individuales, crecimiento personal y profesional de estudiantes y docentes, para lo cual se requiere, conjugar esfuerzos desde lo humano, económico, académico y administrativo. Assuming leadership from an ethical stance with responsibility for action proposes a complex challenge to achieve, because of the many aspects inherent to human beings and their evolutionary processes. It is necessary to undertake ways and ventures to weave forms and experiences that lead to it. The School of Nursing at Universidad del Valle, interpreting the university mission and based on its 2005-2015 Strategic Plan, assumes the responsibility of promoting opportunities and initiatives that foster leadership in students through the development of two strategies: promotion of Leadership and Training, through accompanying initiatives and representations of the Nursing Program students. This article describes different voices of students who have been participating in initiatives generated from the Leadership Project and the development of their strategies to recover and reveal the richness of its possibilities, as well as the difficulties of mobilizing a proposal involving democratic and humanist views on various forms of individual life and projected onto the horizon of the collective. Final reflection: The experience at the School of Nursing at Universidad del Valle about leadership and student participation provides the necessity to promote leadership based on the collective, but focusing on individual potential, as well as the personal and professional growth of students and teachers, which requires the conjunction of human, economic, academic and administrative efforts

Hybrid Materials: Still Challenging for Ab Initio Theory?

Hybrid inorganic/organic systems (HIOS) open new avenues for tailoring them with respect to desired features and functions by exploiting the respective advantages of their components. Therefore, these materials are actively explored in many experimental studies and devices. On the theory side, similar investigations are rather scarce as such interfaces, in addition to exhibiting large unit cells, require highest-level theories to be described reliably. Consequently, hybrid materials pose a challenge for electronic structure theory, starting from density-functional theory to methods beyond, particularly many-body perturbation theory. This concerns both conceptual aspects and computational bottlenecks. In this perspective, the performance of state-of-the-art theoretical approaches applied to HIOS is summarized, mainly focusing on optoelectronic properties. Recent achievements, open challenges, and urgent needs are addressed.Peer Reviewe

Higher levels of osteoprotegerin and immune activation/immunosenescence markers are correlated with concomitant bone and endovascular damage in HIV-suppressed patients

HIV-infected patients appear to have a significantly greater risk of non-AIDS comorbidities such as osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Subjects with osteoporosis are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than those with normal bone mass, therefore a possible relation between these two conditions can be hypothesized. In the setting of HIV infection, several factors might contribute to bone disease and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between bone and cardiovascular disease and to investigate the role of traditional factors, T-cell phenotype and osteoprotegerin in HIV positive subjects on effective antiretroviral therapy. We included 94 HIV positive subjects on antiretroviral therapy with virological suppression and 41 healthy subjects matched for age and gender as a control group. Carotid-Intima Media Thickness (c-IMT) and bone mineral density (BMD) were performed by ultrasound and DEXA, respectively. CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation, senescence and osteoprotegerin plasma levels were measured by flow-cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Among HIV positive patients, 56.4% had osteopenia/osteoporosis and 45.7% had pathological c-IMT (>0.9mm). Subjects with pathological c-IMT and BMD exhibited higher CD4+ and CD8+ activated, CD8+ senescent and osteoprotegerin than subjects with normal c-IMT and BMD. HIV positive subjects with osteopenia/osteoporosis had higher c-IMT than subjects with normal BMD, and linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between BMD and c-IMT. Several factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS comorbidities in HIV positive patients. Osteoprotegerin together with inflammation and immunosenescence in HIV positive patients could affect bone and vascular system and could be considered as a possible common link between these two diseases

Arquitectura y emergencia: Sistema de evacuación vertical para Iquique, Chile

Chile has a long history of earthquakes and tsunamis, and as a result the country has implemented a strict regulatory system that has enabled adequate responses in the case of recent earthquakes. However, responses to tsunami events are still in a developmental stage, especially after the earthquake and tsunami of 2010. In this sense, the city of Iquique presents a serious challenge with regard to tsunami, as it could suffer severe, extensive damage caused by flooding of 5-10 meters. Moreover, in many places the distance between the shore and safe areas on higher ground is excessive, thereby causing serious risk for the population. This article examines Iquique and its potential tsunami scenarios by identifying and pinpointing the weaknesses in its urban safety network. Finally, possible improvements to the existing system are explored from an architectural design viewpoint, specifically through the incorporation of a system of vertical evacuation structures.Chile posee una larga historia de terremotos y tsunamis, y como resultado, el país ha implementado un estricto sistema normativo que ha permitido dar una respuesta adecuada a casos de terremotos recientes. Ahora bien, en caso de tsunami, tales respuestas se encuentran aún en una etapa de desarrollo, particularmente después de los sucesos del año 2010. La ciudad de Iquique presenta un serio desafío en ese sentido, por cuanto extensas áreas podrían sufrir serios daños, a causa de inundaciones de 5 a 10 metros. Por otra parte, en muchos sectores la distancia entre la costa y las zonas de seguridad es excesiva, lo que presenta serios riesgos para la población. Este artículo examina Iquique y sus potenciales escenarios de tsunami, identificando y localizando las debilidades de la red urbana de seguridad. Posteriormente, se exploran posibles mejoras, desde el punto de vista del diseño arquitectónico, concretamente a través de la incorporación de un sistema de estructuras de evacuación vertical. &nbsp

Ownership reasoning in children across cultures

To what extent do early intuitions about ownership depend on cultural and socio-economic circumstances? We investigated the question by testing reasoning about third party ownership conflicts in various groups of three- and five-year-old children (N=176), growing up in seven highly contrasted social, economic, and cultural circumstances (urban rich, poor, very poor, rural poor, and traditional) spanning three continents. Each child was presented with a series of scripts involving two identical dolls fighting over an object of possession. The child had to decide who of the two dolls should own the object. Each script enacted various potential reasons for attributing ownership: creation, familiarity, first contact, equity, plus a control/neutral condition with no suggested reasons. Results show that across cultures, children are significantly more consistent and decisive in attributing ownership when one of the protagonists created the object. Development between three and five years is more or less pronounced depending on culture. The propensity to split the object in equal halves whenever possible was generally higher at certain locations (i.e., China) and quasi-inexistent in others (i.e., Vanuatu and street children of Recife). Overall, creation reasons appear to be more primordial and stable across cultures than familiarity, relative wealth or first contact. This trend does not correlate with the passing of false belief theory of mind.PostprintPeer reviewe

Electronic structure of MoS2_2 revisited: a comprehensive assessment of G0W0G_0W_0 calculations

Two-dimensional MoS$_2$ combines many interesting properties that make the material a top candidate for a variety of applications. It exhibits a high electron mobility comparable to graphene, a direct fundamental band gap, relatively strongly bound excitons, and moderate spin-orbit coupling. For a thorough understanding of all these properties, an accurate description of the electronic structure is mandatory. Surprisingly, published band gaps of MoS$_2$ obtained with $GW$, the state-of-the-art in electronic-structure calculations, are quite scattered, ranging from 2.31 to 2.97 eV. The details of $G_0W_0$ calculations, such as the underlying geometry, the starting point, the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling, and the treatment of the Coulomb potential can critically determine how accurate the results are. In this manuscript, we employ the linearized augmented planewave + local orbital method to systematically investigate how all these aspects affect the quality of $G_0W_0$ calculations, and also provide a summary of literature data. We conclude that the best overall agreement with experiments and coupled-cluster calculations is found for $G_0W_0$ results with HSE06 as a starting point including spin-orbit coupling, a truncated Coulomb potential, and an analytical treatment of the singularity at $q=0$