COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Different Agents; Influence of Culture Conditions in a Cell-Based Assay

The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) or other components of this pathway have been identified as possible therapeutic targets in inflammatory processes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In order to clarify the role of NF-κB in epithelial cells in response to different stresses, a cell-based screening assay for activation of NF-κB-dependent gene transcription in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK/293) was developed. This assay allows detection of NF-κB activation by measurement of the fluorescence of the reporter protein destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP). For characterization of the cell-based assay, activation of the pathway by several agents, for example, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), camptothecin and phorbol ester (PMA), and the influence of the culture conditions on NF-κB activation by TNF-α were examined. NF-κB was activated by TNF-α, IL-1β,PMA,and camptothecin in a dose-dependent manner, but not by LPS. TNF-α results in the strongest induction of NF-κB-dependent gene expression. However, this response fluctuated from 30 to 90% of the cell population showing d2EGFP expression. This variation can be explained by differences in growth duration and cell density at the time of treatment. With increasing confluence of the cells, the activation potential decreased. In a confluent cell layer, only 20–35% of the cell population showed d2EGFP expression. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon can be the production of soluble factors by the cells inhibiting the NF-κB activation or direct communication via gap junctions in the cell layer diminishing the TNF-α response

Organische Chemie 2016

Molekulare SMS zur sicheren Nachrichtenübermittlung – außergewöhnliche Sternmesogene – enzymatische C‐H‐Insertion durch iridiumhaltiges Porphyrin – Totalsynthese hexacyclischer Daphniphyllum‐Alkaloide – organokatalytische asymmetrische Cope‐Umlagerung – Photoinduktion mit Elektronen‐ Relais‐Strategie – FeCl3‐katalysierte Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Kreuzmetathese – Psychedelic‐NMR‐Experiment – oral verfügbares Orphan Drug bei Morbus Fabry