Transformations for climate change mitigation: A systematic review of terminology, concepts, and characteristics

Deep, broad, and rapid society-wide changes are urgently required to limit global temperature rise in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement. Since 2005, academics and policy makers have increasingly referred to such changes as transformations. This recent uptake and rapid diffusion of transformation-related concepts in research on climate change mitigation calls for a systematic and up-to-date analysis. In this article, we address this gap by undertaking a systematic review of articles that use transformation-related terms in the social science literature on climate change mitigation. Drawing on a corpus of 198 articles identified from Scopus, we find a diverse, fragmented research field that strongly focuses on the national, city, and international levels, the energy sector, and high-income countries. Although the use of transformation terminology has increased rapidly, there are few shared definitions, which arguably constitutes a serious challenge to scholarship and evidence-based policy making. To facilitate a more cumulative and impactful approach to research, we propose transformational climate change mitigation as a new umbrella term for the varied mitigation-related societal transformations required to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. We conclude by identifying priorities for future research

Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop consensus recommendations on safety parameters for mobilizing adult, mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: A systematic literature review was followed by a meeting of 23 multidisciplinary ICU experts to seek consensus regarding the safe mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients. Results: Safety considerations were summarized in four categories: respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and other. Consensus was achieved on all criteria for safe mobilization, with the exception being levels of vasoactive agents. Intubation via an endotracheal tube was not a contraindication to early mobilization and a fraction of inspired oxygen less than 0.6 with a percutaneous oxygen saturation more than 90% and a respiratory rate less than 30 breaths/minute were considered safe criteria for in- and out-of-bed mobilization if there were no other contraindications. At an international meeting, 94 multidisciplinary ICU clinicians concurred with the proposed recommendations. Conclusion: Consensus recommendations regarding safety criteria for mobilization of adult, mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU have the potential to guide ICU rehabilitation whilst minimizing the risk of adverse events

Physiotherapy management of intensive care unit-acquired weakness

[Hodgson CL, Tipping CJ (2016) Physiotherapy management of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Journal of Physiotherapy 63: 4–10

Early Mobilization of Patients in Intensive Care:Organization, Communication and Safety Factors that Influence Translation into Clinical Practice

Abstract This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901

A qualitative study of physiotherapy education for parents of toddlers with cystic fibrosis

AbstractBackgroundEducation and daily physiotherapy are often highlighted as difficult and stressful tasks for parents of young children with cystic fibrosis. This study aimed to identify factors that impair the delivery and retention of physiotherapy education for parents of these children and factors that impair effective physiotherapy treatment in the home environment.MethodsA focus group of physiotherapists and six semi-structured interviews of parents with children with cystic fibrosis were conducted. The qualitative method of Grounded Theory was used to analyse the information and develop key themes.ResultsMajor emergent themes were ‘transitions’, ‘psychological distress’ and ‘connectedness’. Factors influencing the effectiveness of parental physiotherapy education include the large volumes of information, appropriateness of educational resources and timing of education. Factors influencing home physiotherapy management for toddlers include mastering techniques, the transition from infant to toddler and time management.ConclusionPhysiotherapy education and management were key causes of psychological distress for parents. This research suggests that significant targeted development of educational resources is warranted, in conjunction with dedicated and ongoing formal psychosocial support for parents