Réponses du Flet européen Platichthys flesus à la contamination chimique : approche protéomique

Estuaries are important areas highly susceptible to anthropogenic degradations such as pollution. Estuarine species have to cope not only with environmental constraints inherent to estuarine habitats, but also with the presence of contaminants, the occurrence of hypoxic events or with waters warming. The European flounder Platichthys flesus is considered as a sentinel species in estuarine water quality monitoring. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms allowing the European flounder to cope with these different stress factors, both in environmental and experimental conditions, in order to eventually identify potential biomarkers of the response to contamination. A proteomic approach using 2-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry allowed us to identify differentially expressed proteins in flounder livers, and then to better understand the mechanisms and a pathway implied in the response of flounder to environmental constraints. These observations were completed by targeted markers analyses by qPCR and enzymatic activity measurements. First, farm flounders were experimentally contaminated with two concentrations of PAH/PCB cocktails (concentrations found in the Seine and ten times this concentration). After 29 days of contamination, energetic metabolism was deregulated in contaminated flounder livers. Proteins involved in anti-oxidative defenses and detoxification were also accumulated. We suggest that BHMT could be implied in a pathway leading to the production of GSH allowing detoxification and anti-oxidative defense. Then, Flounders were fished in contrasted estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. The liver proteomic patterns of Flounders from the Seine (France) and the Tamar (UK), two estuaries displaying different contamination patterns, and from the Canche (France), were compared to characterize the proteins differentially expressed between these sites. Proteome profiles reflected the contamination patterns in each estuary.Les estuaires sont des zones de transition entre les eaux fluviales et les océans soumis à de fortes contraintes d’origine anthropique, telles que la pollution chimique. Pourtant, les estuaires sont d’une importance écologique primordiale, et sont notamment des zones de nourricerie ou de reproduction pour de nombreuses espèces. Le Flet européen Platichthys flesus est un modèle souvent utilisé comme espèce sentinelle dans les estuaires. Le but de ces travaux est d’explorer les mécanismes de réponse du Flet européen à la contamination chimique, afin éventuellement d’identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs. Il a donc été choisi de mener cette étude par une approche de protéomique par électrophorèse en deux dimensions. Les protéines différentiellement accumulées en réponse à la pollution ont été identifiées par MALDI TOF-TOF. Ces études par protéomique ont été complétées par des mesures ciblées de transcription de gènes. Tout d’abord, des flets juvéniles issus d’un élevage ont été contaminés expérimentalement avec deux doses d’un cocktail de HAP et PCB (concentration retrouvée dans la Seine, et 10 fois celle-ci). Après 29 jours de contamination, le métabolisme énergétique paraît dérégulé. Des protéines impliquées dans les défenses anti-oxydantes et la détoxification sont accumulées dans le foie des poissons contaminés. Les résultats nous ont conduit à poser l’hypothèse de l’implication de la BHMT dans un cycle aboutissant à la production de GSH, et qui pourrait donc participer à la détoxification ou aux défenses anti-oxydantes. Ensuite, les profils protéiques de foies de poissons issus de 3 estuaires de la Manche ont été comparés. Les profils protéiques des foies de poissons de la Seine et de la Tamar, 2 estuaires présentant des profils de contamination différents, se sont révélés différents des profils protéiques des foies des poissons de la Canche. Des différences moins marquées entre les profils protéiques des foies de poissons de la Seine et de la Tamar pourraient refléter les différences entre les contaminants présents dans ces estuaires

A square world: Exploring the use of automated wearable cameras to measure screen use in adolescents

Peer Reviewe

CDX2 expression in the hematopoietic lineage promotes leukemogenesis via TGFβ inhibition

The intestine-specific caudal-related homeobox gene-2 (CDX2) homeobox gene, while being a tumor suppressor in the gut, is ectopically expressed in a large proportion of acute leukemia and is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we report that turning on human CDX2 expression in the hematopoietic lineage of mice induces acute monoblastic leukemia, characterized by the decrease in erythroid and lymphoid cells at the benefit of immature monocytic and granulocytic cells. One of the highly stimulated genes in leukemic bone marrow cells was BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (Bambi), an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. The CDX2 protein was shown to bind to and activate the transcription of the human BAMBI promoter. Moreover, in a leukemic cell line established from CDX2-expressing mice, reducing the levels of CDX2 or Bambi stimulated the TGF-β-dependent expression of Cd11b, a marker of monocyte maturation. Taken together, this work demonstrates the strong oncogenic potential of the homeobox gene CDX2 in the hematopoietic lineage, in contrast with its physiological tumor suppressor activity exerted in the gut. It also reveals, through BAMBI and TGF-β signaling, the involvement of CDX2 in the perturbation of the interactions between leukemia cells and their microenvironment

Responses of the European flounder Platichthys flesus to experimental and in situ contamination : a proteomic approach

Les estuaires sont des zones de transition entre les eaux fluviales et les océans soumis à de fortes contraintes d’origine anthropique, telles que la pollution chimique. Pourtant, les estuaires sont d’une importance écologique primordiale, et sont notamment des zones de nourricerie ou de reproduction pour de nombreuses espèces. Le Flet européen Platichthys flesus est un modèle souvent utilisé comme espèce sentinelle dans les estuaires. Le but de ces travaux est d’explorer les mécanismes de réponse du Flet européen à la contamination chimique, afin éventuellement d’identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs. Il a donc été choisi de mener cette étude par une approche de protéomique par électrophorèse en deux dimensions. Les protéines différentiellement accumulées en réponse à la pollution ont été identifiées par MALDI TOF-TOF. Ces études par protéomique ont été complétées par des mesures ciblées de transcription de gènes. Tout d’abord, des flets juvéniles issus d’un élevage ont été contaminés expérimentalement avec deux doses d’un cocktail de HAP et PCB (concentration retrouvée dans la Seine, et 10 fois celle-ci). Après 29 jours de contamination, le métabolisme énergétique paraît dérégulé. Des protéines impliquées dans les défenses anti-oxydantes et la détoxification sont accumulées dans le foie des poissons contaminés. Les résultats nous ont conduit à poser l’hypothèse de l’implication de la BHMT dans un cycle aboutissant à la production de GSH, et qui pourrait donc participer à la détoxification ou aux défenses anti-oxydantes. Ensuite, les profils protéiques de foies de poissons issus de 3 estuaires de la Manche ont été comparés. Les profils protéiques des foies de poissons de la Seine et de la Tamar, 2 estuaires présentant des profils de contamination différents, se sont révélés différents des profils protéiques des foies des poissons de la Canche. Des différences moins marquées entre les profils protéiques des foies de poissons de la Seine et de la Tamar pourraient refléter les différences entre les contaminants présents dans ces estuaires.Estuaries are important areas highly susceptible to anthropogenic degradations such as pollution. Estuarine species have to cope not only with environmental constraints inherent to estuarine habitats, but also with the presence of contaminants, the occurrence of hypoxic events or with waters warming. The European flounder Platichthys flesus is considered as a sentinel species in estuarine water quality monitoring. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms allowing the European flounder to cope with these different stress factors, both in environmental and experimental conditions, in order to eventually identify potential biomarkers of the response to contamination. A proteomic approach using 2-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry allowed us to identify differentially expressed proteins in flounder livers, and then to better understand the mechanisms and a pathway implied in the response of flounder to environmental constraints. These observations were completed by targeted markers analyses by qPCR and enzymatic activity measurements. First, farm flounders were experimentally contaminated with two concentrations of PAH/PCB cocktails (concentrations found in the Seine and ten times this concentration). After 29 days of contamination, energetic metabolism was deregulated in contaminated flounder livers. Proteins involved in anti-oxidative defenses and detoxification were also accumulated. We suggest that BHMT could be implied in a pathway leading to the production of GSH allowing detoxification and anti-oxidative defense. Then, Flounders were fished in contrasted estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. The liver proteomic patterns of Flounders from the Seine (France) and the Tamar (UK), two estuaries displaying different contamination patterns, and from the Canche (France), were compared to characterize the proteins differentially expressed between these sites. Proteome profiles reflected the contamination patterns in each estuary

Interdisciplinary research: motivations and challenges for researcher careers

accepté par QSS, mai 2023Interdisciplinarity is a fundamental asset in today's research landscape, but its rules and habits vary from those of disciplinary approaches. This article aims to evaluate the impact of researchers' participation in interdisciplinary projects on their scientific careers. To do so, we conducted a survey of researchers working at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the largest public, multidisciplinary research institution in France. The survey is based on a sample of 970 respondents representative of scientists from all disciplines and involved to varying degrees in interdisciplinarity. The main results indicate that involvement in interdisciplinary projects often starts very early (PhD, post-doc), and that interdisciplinarity is not slowing down career development. Interdisciplinarity has however certain specificities like the longer duration of projects, or the absence of adequate scientific journals. In terms of valorization of scientific results, differences to disciplinary uses are found. Assessment criteria for interdisciplinary projects or careers do not take sufficient account of these specificities; they are considered inadequate to the challenges of interaction between disciplines and should be rethought. We make four proposals, which we believe essential to better recognize interdisciplinary scientific engagement

Interdisciplinary research: motivations and challenges for researcher careers

accepté par QSS, mai 2023Interdisciplinarity is a fundamental asset in today's research landscape, but its rules and habits vary from those of disciplinary approaches. This article aims to evaluate the impact of researchers' participation in interdisciplinary projects on their scientific careers. To do so, we conducted a survey of researchers working at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the largest public, multidisciplinary research institution in France. The survey is based on a sample of 970 respondents representative of scientists from all disciplines and involved to varying degrees in interdisciplinarity. The main results indicate that involvement in interdisciplinary projects often starts very early (PhD, post-doc), and that interdisciplinarity is not slowing down career development. Interdisciplinarity has however certain specificities like the longer duration of projects, or the absence of adequate scientific journals. In terms of valorization of scientific results, differences to disciplinary uses are found. Assessment criteria for interdisciplinary projects or careers do not take sufficient account of these specificities; they are considered inadequate to the challenges of interaction between disciplines and should be rethought. We make four proposals, which we believe essential to better recognize interdisciplinary scientific engagement

Interdisciplinary research: Motivations and challenges for researcher careers Interdisciplinary research

International audienceInterdisciplinarity is a fundamental asset in today's research landscape, but its rules and habits vary from those of disciplinary approaches. This article aims to evaluate the impact of researchers' participation in interdisciplinary projects on their scientific careers. To do so, we conducted a survey of researchers working at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the largest public, multidisciplinary research institution in France. The survey is based on a sample of 970 respondents representative of scientists from all disciplines and involved to varying degrees in interdisciplinarity. The main results indicate that involvement in interdisciplinary projects often starts very early (PhD, post-doc), and that interdisciplinarity is not slowing down career development. Interdisciplinarity has however certain specificities like the longer duration of projects, or the absence of adequate scientific journals. In terms of valorization of scientific results, differences to disciplinary uses are found. Assessment criteria for interdisciplinary projects or careers do not take sufficient account of these specificities; they are considered inadequate to the challenges of interaction between disciplines and should be rethought. We make four proposals, which we believe essential to better recognize interdisciplinary scientific engagement