Assessment of left atrial systolic dyssynchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: MESA study

Background: Left atrial (LA) remodeling in response to cardiovascular and hemodynamic stress may precede atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that LA systolic synchronous contraction as a functional measure of LA remodeling is deranged in patients with paroxysmal AF and HF. Methods: We performed a nested case-control analysis with 1:2 matching for 39 cases of paroxysmal AF (n=28, in sinus rhythm during cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)) and HF (n=14, AF+HF; n=3) and 78 controls with similar demographic and clinical characteristics at the baseline (Table 1). LA circumferential (short axis) and longitudinal strain rate (horizontal long axis) were measured using Multi-modality Tissue Tracking (Toshiba, Japan) from short and long-axis cine CMR images. Circumferential LA systolic dyssynchrony among 18 LA segments (6 segments x 3 slices) was evaluated as; Standard Deviation (SD) of time to pre atrial contraction Strain rate (PreA Src) and Peak systolic strain rate (Peak Srac) (Figure 1). Similarly, longitudinal LA dyssynchrony parameters (among 6 segments) were: SD-Time to pre-atrial contraction strain rate (PreA SrL) and SD-Time to peak systolic strain rate (Peak-SraL). Wilcoxon-rank sum test (non-parametric) or two sample t-test (parametric) were used for comparison between the groups. Results: In participants during MESA exam 5 (age 74±8 years, 51.4% men), systolic circumferential dyssynchrony (SD-TP-PreA Src, msec) was significantly higher in the cases compared to controls (45.06 vs. 28.73, p<0.010). Similarly, case group had greater longitudinal dyssynchrony than controls; SD-TP PreA SrL (51.62 vs. 36.43, p=0.001) and SD-TP-Peak SraL (45.23 vs. 35.92, p=0.027) (Table 1). Conclusions: Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure have significantly higher LA circumferential and longitudinal systolic dyssynchrony compared to normal controls

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

O estudo das patologias cardíacas em casos de necropcia do Instituto Médico Legal de Salvador, Bahia, no período de 2010 a 2011

A doença cardiovascular é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade e representam a principal causa de morte no Brasil e o maior gasto entre as internações hospitalares no Sistema Único de Saúde. As principais categorias das doenças cardíacas são divididas em cinco grandes grupos que são: a cardiopatia isquêmica, a cardiopatia hipertensiva, a cardiopatia valvar, as miocardiopatias e a cardiopatia congênita. Objetivos: Realizar o estudo dos laudos anatomopatológicos dos corações das necropsias do Instituto Médico Legal Nina Rodrigues (IMLNR) de Salvador, no período de 2010 a 2011. Identificar e caracterizar os tipos de patologias cardíacas descritos nos exames anatomopatológicos. Correlacionar as características macroscópicas do coração com as alterações histopatológicas. Correlacionar os tipos de doenças cardíacas com o perfil demográfico. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, descritivo e observacional com a análise dos laudos anatomopatológicos e cadavéricos de indivíduos que tiveram o coração submetido a exame no laboratório de patologia do IMLNR de 2010 a 2011. Os dados descritivos foram dispostos de acordo com sua frequência absoluta e relativa entre as categorias, os dados numéricos foram descritos em termos de média e desvio padrão. As análises inferenciais foram conduzidas utilizando-se do teste Qui-quadrado e o teste T. Resultados: Foram revisados 1.194 casos, sendo deste 65,9% homens e 34,1% mulheres. A idade média dos indivíduos foi de 50,92 anos, sendo 82,3% faiodermas, 12,6% melanodermas e 5,1% leucodermas. A média do IMC (índice de massa corpórea) foi de 24,47. Em 69,8% dos casos foram observadas uma ou mais das seguintes alterações morfológicas no coração: cardiomegalia, hipertrofia cardíaca, valvopatia, miocardite, infartos do miocárdio e fibrose. Quando se inclui entre as alterações morfológicas, os casos com aterosclerose coronariana este número se elevou para 82,1%. As alterações anatomopatológicas mais prevalentes foram à hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) observada em 42,3% e a cardiomegalia em 34,5%. As miocardites foram observadas em 9,1% dos casos com a seguinte distribuição (1,6% miocardite crônica, 3,9% de miocardite crônica com fibrose, 1,9% de miocardite linfocítica, 1,7% de miocardite aguda). Nas cardiopatias isquêmicas observou-se 8,9% com infarto antigo e 2,7% dos casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio. A cardiopatia valvar foi diagnosticada em 2,6% dos casos, sendo a valva aórtica a mais comprometida com 46,2% (estenose) e 13,5% (insuficiência), seguida da valva mitral com 25% (estenose) e 7,7% (insuficiência). Discussão: O estudo encontrou alta prevalência de HVE e este dado pode representar falta de estruturação da atenção primária para a população analisada, levando-se em consideração que a principal causa de HVE é hipertensão arterial sistêmica não controlada. Outro dado de relevância para a nossa população, foi à presença de casos de miocardite crônica com fibrose, os quais podem se tratar provavelmente de miocardite chagásica. O baixo percentual de infarto agudo do miocárdio pode ser consequência da dificuldade diagnóstica anatomopatológica desta lesão quando o óbito ocorre em menos de seis horas após o evento isquêmico. Conclusões - O estudo obteve resultados condizentes com a literatura. A hipertrofia ventricular apresentou alta prevalência e teve associação estatisticamente significante com IMC, idade e fibrose do miocárdio. Outro dado de relevância para a nossa população, foi à presença de casos de miocardite crônica com fibrose, os quais podem se tratar provavelmente de miocardite crônica chagásica

Pulmonary Embolism Mortality in Brazil from 1989 to 2010: Gender and Regional Disparities

AbstractBackground:A significant variation in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends have been documented around the world. We investigated the trends in mortality rate from PE in Brazil over a period of 21 years and its regional and gender differences.Methods:Using a nationwide database of death certificate information we searched for all cases with PE as the underlying cause of death between 1989 and 2010. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated age-, gender- and region-specific mortality rates for each year, using the 2000 Brazilian population for direct standardization.Results:Over 21 years the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell 31% from 3.04/100,000 to 2.09/100,000. In every year between 1989 and 2010, the ASMR was higher in women than in men, but both showed a significant declining trend, from 3.10/100,000 to 2.36/100,000 and from 2.94/100,000 to 1.80/100,000, respectively. Although all country regions showed a decline in their ASMR, the largest fall in death rates was concentrated in the highest income regions of the South and Southeast Brazil. The North and Northeast regions, the lowest income areas, showed a less marked fall in death rates and no distinct change in the PE mortality rate in women.Conclusions:Our study showed a reduction in the PE mortality rate over two decades in Brazil. However, significant variation in this trend was observed amongst the five country regions and between genders, pointing to possible disparities in health care access and quality in these groups

Assessment of left atrial systolic dyssynchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: MESA study

Background: Left atrial (LA) remodeling in response to cardiovascular and hemodynamic stress may precede atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that LA systolic synchronous contraction as a functional measure of LA remodeling is deranged in patients with paroxysmal AF and HF. Methods: We performed a nested case-control analysis with 1:2 matching for 39 cases of paroxysmal AF (n=28, in sinus rhythm during cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)) and HF (n=14, AF+HF; n=3) and 78 controls with similar demographic and clinical characteristics at the baseline (Table 1). LA circumferential (short axis) and longitudinal strain rate (horizontal long axis) were measured using Multi-modality Tissue Tracking (Toshiba, Japan) from short and long-axis cine CMR images. Circumferential LA systolic dyssynchrony among 18 LA segments (6 segments x 3 slices) was evaluated as; Standard Deviation (SD) of time to pre atrial contraction Strain rate (PreA Src) and Peak systolic strain rate (Peak Srac) (Figure 1). Similarly, longitudinal LA dyssynchrony parameters (among 6 segments) were: SD-Time to pre-atrial contraction strain rate (PreA SrL) and SD-Time to peak systolic strain rate (Peak-SraL). Wilcoxon-rank sum test (non-parametric) or two sample t-test (parametric) were used for comparison between the groups. Results: In participants during MESA exam 5 (age 74±8 years, 51.4% men), systolic circumferential dyssynchrony (SD-TP-PreA Src, msec) was significantly higher in the cases compared to controls (45.06 vs. 28.73, p<0.010). Similarly, case group had greater longitudinal dyssynchrony than controls; SD-TP PreA SrL (51.62 vs. 36.43, p=0.001) and SD-TP-Peak SraL (45.23 vs. 35.92, p=0.027) (Table 1). Conclusions: Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure have significantly higher LA circumferential and longitudinal systolic dyssynchrony compared to normal controls