The Calcineurin Antagonist, RCAN1-4 is Induced by Exhaustive Exercise in Rat Skeletal Muscle

International audienceThe aim of this work was to study the regulation of the calcineurin antagonist regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) in rat skeletal muscles after exhaustive physical exercise, which is a physiological modulator of oxidative stress. Three skeletal muscles, namely extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, and soleus, were investigated. Exhaustive exercise increased RCAN1-4 protein levels in EDL and gastrocnemius, but not in soleus. Protein oxidation as an index of oxidative stress was increased in EDL and gastrocnemius, but remained unchanged in soleus. However, lipid peroxidation was increased in all three muscles. CuZnSOD and catalase protein levels were increased at 3 h postexercise in soleus, whereas they remained unchanged in EDL and gastrocnemius. Calcineurin enzymatic activity declined in EDL and gastrocnemius but not in soleus, and its protein expression was decreased in all three muscles. The level of PGC1-α protein remained unchanged, whereas the protein expression of the transcription factor NFATc4 was decreased in all three muscles. Adiponectin expression was increased in all three muscles. RCAN1-4 expression in EDL and gastrocnemius muscles was augmented by the oxidative stress generated from exhaustive exercise. We propose that increased RCAN1-4 expression and the signal transduction pathways it regulates represent important components of the physiological adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress

The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases

open46openDavies, Joanna M. S.; Cillard, Josiane; Friguet, Bertrand; Cadenas, Enrique; Cadet, Jean; Cayce, Rachael; Fishmann, Andrew; Liao, David; Bulteau, Anne-Laure; Derbré, Frédéric; Rébillard, Amélie; Burstein, Steven; Hirsch, Etienne; Kloner, Robert A.; Jakowec, Michael; Petzinger, Giselle; Sauce, Delphine; Sennlaub, Florian; Limon, Isabelle; Ursini, Fulvio; Maiorino, Matilde; Economides, Christina; Pike, Christian J.; Cohen, Pinchas; Salvayre, Anne Negre; Halliday, Matthew R.; Lundquist, Adam J.; Jakowec, Nicolaus A.; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Mericskay, Mathias; Mariani, Jean; Li, Zhenlin; Huang, David; Grant, Ellsworth; Forman, Henry J.; Finch, Caleb E.; Sun, Patrick Y.; Pomatto, Laura C. D.; Agbulut, Onnik; Warburton, David; Neri, Christian; Rouis, Mustapha; Cillard, Pierre; Capeau, Jacqueline; Rosenbaum, Jean; Davies, Kelvin J. A.Davies, Joanna M. S.; Cillard, Josiane; Friguet, Bertrand; Cadenas, Enrique; Cadet, Jean; Cayce, Rachael; Fishmann, Andrew; Liao, David; Bulteau, Anne-Laure; Derbré, Frédéric; Rébillard, Amélie; Burstein, Steven; Hirsch, Etienne; Kloner, Robert A.; Jakowec, Michael; Petzinger, Giselle; Sauce, Delphine; Sennlaub, Florian; Limon, Isabelle; Ursini, Fulvio; Maiorino, Matilde; Economides, Christina; Pike, Christian J.; Cohen, Pinchas; Salvayre, Anne Negre; Halliday, Matthew R.; Lundquist, Adam J.; Jakowec, Nicolaus A.; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Mericskay, Mathias; Mariani, Jean; Li, Zhenlin; Huang, David; Grant, Ellsworth; Forman, HENRY J.; Finch, Caleb E.; Sun, Patrick Y.; Pomatto, Laura C. D.; Agbulut, Onnik; Warburton, David; Neri, Christian; Rouis, Mustapha; Cillard, Pierre; Capeau, Jacqueline; Rosenbaum, Jean; Davies, Kelvin J. A

Effects of diabetes and exercise on the expression of the RCAN1 protein in rat skeletal muscle. Implication of oxidative stress.

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Aerobic Training Suppresses Exercise-induced Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Overweight/Obese Adolescent Girls

International audienceThis study aimed to determine whether aerobic training could reduce lipid peroxidation and inflammation at rest and after maximal exhaustive exercise in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Thirty-nine adolescent girls (14-19 years old) were classified as non-obese or overweight/obese and then randomly assigned to either the non-trained or trained group (12-week multivariate aerobic training program). Measurements at the beginning of the experiment and at 3 months consisted of body composition, aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and the following blood assays: pre- and post-exercise lipid peroxidation (15F2?-isoprostanes [F2-Isop], lipid hydroperoxide [ROOH], oxidized LDL [ox-LDL]) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase [MPO]) markers. In the overweight/obese group, the training program significantly increased their fat-free mass (FFM) and decreased their percentage of fat mass (%FM) and hip circumference but did not modify their VO2peak. Conversely, in the non-trained overweight/obese group, weight and %FM increasedand VO2peak decreased, during the same period. Training also prevented exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and/or inflammation in overweight/obese girls (F2-Isop, ROOH, ox-LDL, MPO). In addition, in the trained overweight/obese group, exercise-induced changes in ROOH, ox-LDL and F2-Isop were correlated with improvements in anthropometric parameters (waist-to-hip ratio, %FM and FFM). In conclusion aerobic training increased tolerance to exercise-induced oxidative stress in overweight/obese adolescent girls partly as a result of improved body composition

On the potential effect of increased dietary intake of fruits and vegetables on biomarkers of lipid peroxidation intype 2 diabetes patients

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables up to 600 g per day in type 2 diabetes patients can reduce oxidative damages to lipids. After a clinical examination, 29 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: the first one did not receive any special instructions about the diet while the second one received fruits and vegetables consumption advices thanks to a picture catalogue describing types of fruits and vegetables as well as quantities to be eaten every day. After two months of intervention, plasma concentrations in vitamin C, β-carotene and polyphenols remained unchanged in both groups when compared to baseline values. No significant decrease in lipid peroxidation as evidenced by nine biomarkers (malonaldehyde as TBAR's, lipid peroxides, oxidized LDL, antibodies against oxidized LDL, isoprostanes, 7-keto-cholesterol, 7β- hydroxycholesterol, 4-hydroxynonenal metabolite, LDL size) was also noted. In conclusion, our findings confirmed the fact that the effect of high intake of fruits and vegetables on reducing oxidative damage to lipids remains largely controversial even in patients having an oxidative stress profile. Moreover, the present leaves open the question of the most appropriate markers of lipid peroxidation since only small correlations were evidenced between the large battery of tests investigated. © 2013 Lifescience Global.The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables up to 600 g per day in type 2 diabetes patients can reduce oxidative damages to lipids. After a clinical examination, 29 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: the first one did not receive any special instructions about the diet while the second one received fruits and vegetables consumption advices thanks to a picture catalogue describing types of fruits and vegetables as well as quantities to be eaten every day. After two months of intervention, plasma concentrations in vitamin C, β-carotene and polyphenols remained unchanged in both groups when compared to baseline values. No significant decrease in lipid peroxidation as evidenced by nine biomarkers (malonaldehyde as TBAR's, lipid peroxides, oxidized LDL, antibodies against oxidized LDL, isoprostanes, 7-keto-cholesterol, 7β- hydroxycholesterol, 4-hydroxynonenal metabolite, LDL size) was also noted. In conclu