Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Origin and evolution of the thermal waters from the Pamukkale Geothermal Field (Denizli Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey): Insights from hydrogeochemistry and geothermometry

The Pamukkale Geothermal Field (PGF) of the Denizli Basin (SW Turkey) is one of the most distinguished active geothermal fields known in the World. The thermal waters from the PGF are subdivided into two groups (Group 1A: Ca-HCO 3 and Group 1B: Ca-SO 4 types). The cold waters are also classified into two groups (Group 2A: Ca-HCO 3 and Group 2B: Mg-HCO 3 types). The hydrogeochemical properties of the PGF thermal waters suggest interactions with the basal metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massif, tectonically overriding by the carbonate rocks of the Lycian Nappes and sedimentary rocks of the Neogene formations. The bedrock units are stratigraphically overlain by the Neogene sedimentary units of the Denizli Group. The thermal springs of the PGF are affected by several hydrothermal processes including mixing, water-rock interaction and input of mantle volatiles. The thermal water plots of the PGF deviate from the full equilibrium line indicating a low water maturity and/or mixing processes. Mixing models and Na-K-Mg ternary diagram suggest mixing between meteoric and thermal waters during the uprising of the deep-originated fluids. The water-rock interaction leads saturation of calcite and induces travertine precipitation in the discharge area. Low tritium (<1 TU) values of the PGF thermal waters confirm a deep circulation. The δ 18 O (−9.23 to −8.32‰) and δD (−61.00 to −57.00‰) isotopic values of the PGF indicate that the meteoric waters serve as the source of the thermal waters. Based on the δ 18 O and δD data, the PGF thermal waters are produced from precipitation in the southern side of Yenice Horst with elevation of 850–880 m.a.s.l. The δ 13 C DIC values (+6.26 to +8.07‰) of the PGF thermal waters indicate that CO 2 in thermal waters is mainly of a metamorphic origin. In order to identify the reservoir temperature of the PGF, various geothermometric methods have been applied. Accordingly, theoretical reservoir temperature ranges from 60 to 125 °C. The total hydrothermal CO 2 flux in the PGF is calculated to be approximately 1.4 × 10 8 mol/year (excluding free CO 2 flux) as similar to those of other geothermal fields in the World (e.g., central-southern Italy). This study proposes a conceptual hydrogeological-hydrogeochemical-tectonic model for the PGF: the thermal waters are derived from the infiltration of rainwater through fractures and faults in high recharge areas to the deep hot reservoir. Heating produced by the high geothermal gradient is interpreted in relation with the regional crustal thinning. Thermal waters upwell along WNW-ESE-trending deep faults and fractures (the Pamukkale Fault System) that act as hydrothermal pathways favouring migration of a huge amount of CO 2 -rich gas from deep geothermal reservoir. The geochemical and isotopic data of the thermal waters and gas indicate that the degassing of both metamorphic CO 2 and mantle derived CO 2 occurs in the PGF. Helium isotope data indicate that mantle volatiles produce possibly an upwelling into asthenosphere and ascent along these tectonic discontinuities. In this context, the PGF is one of the best example of geothermal fields as an interaction of active magmatism in the actively extending crustal setting. © 2018 Elsevier B.V

DENiZLi TRAVERTENLERiNlN PETROGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERi VE DEPOLANMA ORTAMLARI

Denizli havzasındaki Kuvaterner-güncel traverten oluşumlarında saha ve mikroskobik özelliklerine göre 9 litofasiyes tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar: 1) kristalin kabuk, 2) çalı, 3) pizolit, 4) sal, 5) zarflı hava kabarcıklan, 6) kamıs, 7) litoklast, 8} çakıllı traverten, 9} eski toprak oluşumlarıdır. Ayırtlanan litofasiyesler çeşitli birliktelikler halinde yamaç, çöküntü, tümsek, sırt ve kanal depolanma ortamlarında çökelmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu ana depolanma ortamlan kendi içlerinde alt ortamlara ayrılmtştır. Bazı traverten orneklerinden yapılan izotop analizlerine göre. 13C izotop değerleri 0,35 ile 6.70 %o arasında;0 O değerleri ise -6.47 ile -15.10 %0 arasında geniş bir dağılım sunmakta olup, litofasiyeslerin yapılarına ve ortamlarına gore izotopik anlamda bir gruplaşma ortaya çıkmaktadır

Preliminary results on a promising long paleoclimatic archive for the Near East: the lacustrine sequence of Acigöl (Anatolia, Turkey).

International audienceno abstrac

Step-over fault zones controlling geothermal fluid-flow and travertine formation (Denizli Basin, Turkey)

In the Honalilar area (Denizli Basin, Turkey), the occurrence of banded Ca-carbonate veins and travertine de- posits, represented by a dismantled fissure ridge-type depositional system, are the evidence of a middle-late Pleistocene exhumed, shallow, hydrothermal system. Their occurrence offers the best opportunity to: (i) re- construct the fluid paths from the underground to the palaeo-surface, and (ii) analyse the role of fault zones in controlling the permeability and fluids circulation. Permeability developed in overstepping regional scale normal faults, with a slight left-lateral oblique-slip component. At the surface, faults favored the localization and development of a fissure ridge-type travertine deposit. At depth, the root of the hydrothermal system consists of W-E oriented fractures filled of up to 6.5 m thick Ca-carbonate veins, developed in a high dilatation zone. It corresponds to the step-over determined by the oblique-slip kinematics of the NW-striking main faults. The high dilatation step-over zone contrasted the progressive sealing induced by the concomitant Ca-carbonate deposition within the fractures, thus favoring permeability maintenance and fluids circulation for at least 200 ka. This evidence adds key inputs for predicting permeable volumes during geothermal exploration in areas affected by extensional tectonics. The main NW-oriented faults remained active even after the hydrothermal fluid flow, causing the dismantlement and progressive exhumation of the upper part of the hydrothermal system.In the Honalilar area (Denizli Basin, Turkey), the occurrence of banded Ca-carbonate veins and travertine deposits, represented by a dismantled fissure ridge-type depositional system, are the evidence of a middle-late Pleistocene exhumed, shallow, hydrothermal system. Their occurrence offers the best opportunity to: (i) reconstruct the fluid paths from the underground to the palaeo-surface, and (ii) analyse the role of fault zones in controlling the permeability and fluids circulation. Permeability developed in overstepping regional scale normal faults, with a slight left-lateral oblique-slip component. At the surface, faults favored the localization and development of a fissure ridge-type travertine deposit. At depth, the root of the hydrothermal system consists of W-E oriented fractures filled of up to 6.5 m thick Ca-carbonate veins, developed in a high dilatation zone. It corresponds to the step-over determined by the oblique-slip kinematics of the NW-striking main faults. The high dilatation step-over zone contrasted the progressive sealing induced by the concomitant Ca-carbonate deposition within the fractures, thus favoring permeability maintenance and fluids circulation for at least 200 ka. This evidence adds key inputs for predicting permeable volumes during geothermal exploration in areas affected by extensional tectonics. The main NW-oriented faults remained active even after the hydrothermal fluid flow, causing the dismantlement and progressive exhumation of the upper part of the hydrothermal system

Comment on “Miocene to Quaternary tectonostratigraphic evolution of the middle section of the Burdur-Fethiye Shear Zone, south-western Turkey: Implications for the wide inter-plate shear zones. Tectonophysics 690, 336–354”

[No abstract available]?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????): 111Y192 Türkiye Bilimler AkademisiThe authors are grateful to the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) with grant number of 111Y192 . We are grateful to J.D. Gardner (Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology) for reading and improving an earlier version of the manuscript. M.C. Alçiçek is indebted to the GEBİP grant (The Outstanding Young Scientist Award) given by the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA)

An integrated reconstruction of the early Pleistocene palaeoenvironment of Homo erectus in the Denizli Basin (SW Turkey)

International audienceThe early Pleistocene travertines from Kocabaş in the Denizli Basin (SW Turkey), from which the only known Homo erectus from Anatolia derives, are covered by a succession of lake deposits. So far, the taphonomic history of the site has precluded a detailed palaeoecological analysis. This paper details the sedimentary succession and palaeoenvironmental conditions by analysing the micro- and macropalaeontological species compositions. These data provide direct evidence of the opportunities and limiting factors of the environment inhabited by hominins during the early Pleistocene. Four distinctive lithostratigraphic units are recognized in the Quaternary succession, consisting of: Lower Travertine, Lower Conglomerates, Upper Travertine, and Upper Conglomerates. These units correspond to an alternation of lacustrine limestone, fluvial-lacustrine siliciclastic deposits and subaerially precipitated travertine accumulations. The age of the succession is constrained by cosmogenic nuclide concentration, palaeomagnetic measurements and large mammal biostratigraphy which suggest deposition occurred between ~1.6 and 1.2 Ma. The travertine succession contains a moderately diverse macromammal fauna, including Homo erectus, decapod crustaceans and leaf imprints. The herbivore association likely dwelled in a mixed landscape during temperate and humid climatic conditions, supported by negative δ18O values from analysed gastropod and bivalve shells. The presence of an anomalohaline lake is indicated by an abundant and well-preserved ostracod community, consisting of alkaline tolerant taxa and freshwater genera further supported by the presence of cardiid bivalves