Predicción de la producción y rendimiento de frijol, con modelos de redes neuronales artificiales y datos climáticos

The state of Zacatecas ranks first in the production of rainfed beans in Mexico. Due to the economic and food security repercussions, it is important to predict yields, production and harvested area, as well as to know the climatological variables that have the greatest effect on bean cultivation. The objectives of the present work were 1) to develop ANN models for the prediction of the harvested area, yields and production of rainfed beans in the state of Zacatecas, using data on maximum and minimum air temperature, precipitation and evaporation during the period 1988-2019. 2) to determine the input variables that have the greatest influence on bean production and yield through sensitivity analysis. Due to the limited availability of climatic data, the Climatol library of the R statistical package was used to fill in missing data. The results show that the RNA models capture the influence of climate on bean production, with an overall efficiency of 0.89 for Rto and 0.86 for SC. The production was estimated using the outputs, Rto and SC, from RNA models and an R2 =0.80 was obtained. According to the sensitivity analysis, Evaporation of the cycle is the most important variable in predicting yield, while precipitation in August (Pp_Ago) and minimum temperature (Tmin) had a greater influence on production.  El estado de Zacatecas ocupa el primer lugar en la producción de frijol de temporal en México. Debido a las repercusiones económicas y de seguridad alimentaria, es importante la predicción de los rendimientos, producción y superficie cosechada, igualmente, conocer las variables climatológicas que mayor efecto tienen en el cultivo de frijol. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron 1) desarrollar modelos de redes neuronales artificiales RNA para la predicción de la superficie cosechada (SC), los rendimientos (Rto) y la producción (P) de frijol de temporal en el estado de Zacatecas, empleando datos de temperatura máxima y mínima del aire, precipitación y evaporación durante el periodo 1988-2019. 2) realizar un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar las variables de entrada que tienen mayor influencia en la producción y rendimiento de frijol. Debido a la limitada disponibilidad de datos climáticos, se usó la librería Climatol del paquete estadístico R, para el llenado de datos faltantes. Los resultados muestran que los modelos de RNA son capaces de detectar la influencia del clima en la producción de frijol. La eficiencia global en los modelos RNA fue de 0.89 para Rto y 0.86 para SC.  La producción se estimó con los modelos de RNA para Rto y SC y se obtuvo un R2 =0.80. De acuerdo al análisis de sensibilidad, la evaporación del ciclo del cultivo (Eva) es la variable más importante en la predicción del rendimiento, mientras que la precipitación de agosto (Pp_Ago) y la temperatura mínima (Tmin) influyeron más en la producción

Measurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in pp collisions at √s=5 TeV

Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured using data from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 5 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 8.60 ± 0.33 pb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of D 0, D +, D +s, and D ∗+ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, p T, and rapidity, y. They cover the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5 and transverse momentum ranges 0 < p T < 10 GeV/c for D 0 and D + and 1 < p T < 10 GeV/c for D +s and D ∗+ mesons. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge-conjugate states, within the range of 1 < p T < 8 GeV/c are determined to be σ(pp→D0X)=1004±3±54μb,σ(pp→D+X)=402±2±30μb,σ(pp→D+sX)=170±4±16μb,σ(pp→D∗+X)=421±5±36μb, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.S

Measurement of the B0s→J/ψη lifetime

Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment in ppcollisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV, the effective lifetime in the B0s→J/ψηdecay mode, τeff, is measured to be τeff = 1.479±0.034 (stat)±0.011 (syst)ps. Assuming CPconservation, τeffcorresponds to the lifetime of the light B0smass eigenstate. This is the first measurement of the effective lifetime in this decay mode.S

First study of the CP-violating phase and decay-width difference in B0s→ψ(2S)φ decays

A time-dependent angular analysis of B0s→ψ(2S)φdecays is performed using data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1collected during Run1 of the LHC. The CP-violating phase and decay-width difference of the B0ssystem are measured to be φs=0.23+0.29−0.28±0.02 radand s=0.066+0.041−0.044±0.007 ps−1, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the first time that φsand shave been measured in a decay containing the ψ(2S)resonance.S

Differential branching fraction and angular moments analysis of the decay B 0 → K +π− μ + μ − in the K∗0,2(1430)0 region

Measurements of the differential branching fraction and angular moments of the decay B 0 → K +π− μ + μ − in the K +π− invariant mass range 1330 < m(K +π−) < 1530 MeV/c 2 are presented. Proton-proton collision data are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. Differential branching fraction measurements are reported in five bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system, q 2, between 0.1 and 8.0 GeV2 /c 4. For the first time, an angular analysis sensitive to the S-, P- and D-wave contributions of this rare decay is performed. The set of 40 normalised angular moments describing the decay is presented for the q 2 range 1.1-6.0 GeV2 /c 4.S

Measurement of forward W → eν production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A measurement of the cross-section for W → eν production in pp collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The electrons are required to have more than 20 GeV of transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The inclusive W production cross-sections, where the W decays to eν, are measured to be σW+→e+νe=1124.4±2.1±21.5±11.2±13.0pb, σW−→e−ν¯e=809.0±1.9±18.1±7.0±9.4pb, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination. Differential cross-sections as a function of the electron pseudorapidity are measured. The W + /W − cross-section ratio and production charge asymmetry are also reported. Results are compared with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Finally, in a precise test of lepton universality, the ratio of W boson branching fractions is determined to be B(W→eν)/B(W→μν)=1.020±0.002±0.019, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.S

Measurements of long-range near-side angular correlations in √sNN=5TeV proton-lead collisions in the forward region

Two-particle angular correlations are studied in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of √sNN=5TeV, collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on data recorded in two beam configurations, in which either the direction of the proton or that of the lead ion is analysed. The correlations are measured in the laboratory system as a function of relative pseudorapidity, η, and relative azimuthal angle, φ, for events in different classes of event activity and for different bins of particle transverse momentum. In high-activity events a long-range correlation on the near side, φ≈0, is observed in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 <η<4.9. This measurement of long-range correlations on the near side in proton-lead collisions extends previous observations into the forward region up to η=4.9. The correlation increases with growing event activity and is found to be more pronounced in the direction of the lead beam. However, the correlation in the direction of the lead and proton beams are found to be compatible when comparing events with similar absolute activity in the direction analysed.S

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe