Aseguramiento de protección contra el fuego en complejos industriales de agrupaciones animales

Aquí se presenta el estudio del aseguramiento de la protección contra el fuego en edificios agrupados de un conjunto de ganadería por medio de optimizar las medidas legislativas respectivas y analizar las influencias en la calidad y fiabilidad de los resultados de evaluar riesgos de incendio. Se llevaron a cabo los estudios a través de hacer valoración profesional, calcular riesgos de incendio individuales y simular la evacuación de la gente en el modelo de flujos humanos individual y en cadena. Los aspectos funcionales conceptuales de los edificios del conjunto resultaron en la necesidad de desarrollar soluciones técnicas y estructurales que podrían ayudar a reducir gastos ineficientes y armonizarían los edificios con las exigencias de la protección contra el fuego. El riesgo de incendios individual para los trabajadores del objeto de protección considerado es 2.91x10-7 por año-1 (0.291x10-6 por año), es decir, no sobrepasa el nivel normal establecido por la ley Federal 123-FZ del 22 de Julio de 2008 «Regulaciones Técnicas de las Exigencias a la Protección contra el Fuego". La adopción en el nivel legislativo del sistema de valorar riesgos de incendio creó para los dueños de objetos la oportunidad de optimizar los gastos para asegurar la protección contra el fuego, incluyendo el aseguramiento del nivel exigido de seguridad human

Aseguramiento de protección contra el fuego en complejos industriales de agrupaciones animales

This study deals with ensuring fire safety in buildings of a cluster animal industrial complex by optimizing legislative measures and analyzing factors that affect the quality and reliability of the results of calculating fire risk. The research involved the following methods: expert assessment; calculating individual fire risk; modeling evacuation of people in the form of an individual flow model of human traffic. The conceptual features of the complex's buildings required developing the design and technical solutions that would reduce inefficient costs on the one hand, and, on the other, would ensure meeting fire safety requirements. The individual fire risk for employees of the asset to be protected is 2.91 ×10-7 per year-1 (0.291 ×10-6 per year). That is, it does not exceed the characteristic value established by Federal law No. 123-FZ dated 22.07.2008 'Technical regulations on fire safety'. After the introduction of the fire risk assessment system at the legislative level, the owners of objects have received the opportunity to optimize the cost of fire safety and the required level of human safety.Aquí se presenta el estudio del aseguramiento de la protección contra el fuego en edificios agrupados de un conjunto de ganadería por medio de optimizar las medidas legislativas respectivas y analizar las influencias en la calidad y fiabilidad de los resultados de evaluar riesgos de incendio. Se llevaron a cabo los estudios a través de hacer valoración profesional, calcular riesgos de incendio individuales y simular la evacuación de la gente en el modelo de flujos humanos individual y en cadena. Los aspectos funcionales conceptuales de los edificios del conjunto resultaron en la necesidad de desarrollar soluciones técnicas y estructurales que podrían ayudar a reducir gastos ineficientes y armonizarían los edificios con las exigencias de la protección contra el fuego. El riesgo de incendios indivudual para los trabajadores del objeto de protección considerado es 2.91x10-7 por año-1 (0.291x10-6 por año), es decir, no sobrepasa el nivel normal establecido por la ley Federal 123-FZ del 22 de Julio de 2008 «Regulaciones Técnicas de las Exigencias a la Protección contra el Fuego». La adopción en el nivel legislativo del sistema de valorar riesgos de incendio creó para los dueños de objetos la oportunidad de optimizar los gastos para asegurar la protección contra el fuego, incluyendo el aseguramiento del nivel exigido de seguridad humana

Kinetics of Аdsorption of nickel(II) Ions by Zeolite with Immobilized Thiosemicarbazide

Исследовано влияние температуры на кинетику адсорбции ионов никеля(II) цеолитом с иммобилизованным тиосемикарбазидом. В рамках диффузионных моделей Бойда и Морриса-Вебера использован количественный подход для первичного разграничения внешне и внутри диффузионного лимитирования адсорбции. Показано, что диффузия ионов через пленку раствора и диффузия в зерне цеолита вносят свой вклад в общую скорость процесса, и адсорбция протекает в смешанно-диффузионном режиме. Вклад химической стадии в кинетику гетерогенного процесса адсорбции был охарактеризован в рамках кинетических моделей Лагергрена, Хо и Маккея и Еловича. Наиболее применимой для описания исследуемых процессов является модель псевдо-второго порядка. Модель предполагает, что скорость процесса адсорбции ионов никеля(II) лимитирует химическая реакция, которая в случае рассматриваемых цеолитов сопровождается образованием хелатных комплексов (состава 1:1) за счет донорно-акцепторного взаимодействия ионов металла с атомами азота и серы тиосемикарбазидного фрагмента. Такой тип взаимодействия характерен как для материалов функционализированных тиосемикарбазидом, так и в целом для органических адсорбентов, содержащих N- и S‑активные группировкиThe effect of temperature on the adsorption kinetics of nickel(II) ions by zeolite with immobilized thiosemicarbazide has been studied. Within the framework of the diffusion models of Boyd and Morris-Weber, a quantitative approach was used for the primary distinction between external and internal diffusion limitation of adsorption. It is shown that the diffusion of ions through the solution membrane and diffusion in the zeolite grain contribute to the overall rate of the process, and adsorption proceeds in a mixed diffusion mode. The contribution of the chemical stage to the kinetics of the heterogeneous adsorption process was characterized in terms of the kinetic models of Lagergren, Ho, and McKay and Elovich. The most applicable for describing explored the processes is the pseudo-second order model. The model assumes that the rate of adsorption of nickel(II) ions is limited by a chemical reaction, which, in the case of the zeolites under consideration, is accompanied by the formation of chelate complexes (composition 1:1) due to the donor-acceptor interaction of metal ions with nitrogen and sulfur atoms of the thiosemicarbazide fragment. This type of interaction is typical both for materials functionalized with thiosemicarbazide and, in general, for organic adsorbents containing N- and S‑active group

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture

Complexation of Ionomers and Surfactant Molecules of the Same Charge in a Nonpolar Solvent

Complexation between sulfonated polystyrene ionomers and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinatesodium salt (aerosol OT, AOT) surfactant molecules in m-xylene was studied by ultracentrifugation, vaporpressure osmometry, viscometry, and dynamic light scattering. When the dilute ionomer solution is mixedwith the AOT soluti6n, complexation takes place for both the slightly aggregated state of AOT and reversedmicelles of AOT containing water. In the presence of excess AOT molecules, some of the AOT are free fromthe ionomers, and there are well-defined limiting compositions for complexes of the ionomer and AOT andfor those of the ionomer and AOT micelles. The limiting composition depends on the species of the salt oracid group of the ionomer and on the state of AOT before mixing. The composition was estimated to be0.21-0.66 reversed AOT micelles per &/acid group for the ionomer-AOT micelle complexes and 14-23 AOTmolecules per &/acid group for the ionomel-AOT complexes. AOT molecules were found to disrupt efficientlythe cluster-forming contacts among &/acid groups, each of them encapsulating a single salt/acid group. TheAOT micelles, however, do not completely disrupt the intrachain aggregation

Sevanol and Its Analogues: Chemical Synthesis, Biological Effects and Molecular Docking

Among acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), ASIC1a and ASIC3 subunits are the most widespread and prevalent in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. They participate in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, as well as the perception of inflammatory and neurological pain, making these channels attractive pharmacological targets. Sevanol, a natural lignan isolated from Thymus armeniacus, inhibits the activity of ASIC1a and ASIC3 isoforms, and has a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In this work, we described the efficient chemical synthesis scheme of sevanol and its analogues, which allows us to analyze the structure–activity relationships of the different parts of this molecule. We found that the inhibitory activity of sevanol and its analogues on ASIC1a and ASIC3 channels depends on the number and availability of the carboxyl groups of the molecule. At the structural level, we predicted the presence of a sevanol binding site based on the presence of molecular docking in the central vestibule of the ASIC1a channel. We predicted that this site could also be occupied in part by the FRRF-amide peptide, and the competition assay of sevanol with this peptide confirmed this prediction. The intravenous (i.v.), intranasal (i.n.) and, especially, oral (p.o.) administration of synthetic sevanol in animal models produced significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Both non-invasive methods of sevanol administration (i.n. and p.o.) showed greater efficacy than the invasive (i.v.) method, thus opening new horizons for medicinal uses of sevanol

Specific Binding of the α-Component of the Lantibiotic Lichenicidin to the Peptidoglycan Precursor Lipid II Predetermines Its Antimicrobial Activity

To date, a number of lantibiotics have been shown to use lipid II—a highly conserved peptidoglycan precursor in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria—as their molecular target. The α-component (Lchα) of the two-component lantibiotic lichenicidin, previously isolated from the Bacillus licheniformis VK21 strain, seems to contain two putative lipid II binding sites in its N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Using NMR spectroscopy in DPC micelles, we obtained convincing evidence that the C-terminal mersacidin-like site is involved in the interaction with lipid II. These data were confirmed by the MD simulations. The contact area of lipid II includes pyrophosphate and disaccharide residues along with the first isoprene units of bactoprenol. MD also showed the potential for the formation of a stable N-terminal nisin-like complex; however, the conditions necessary for its implementation in vitro remain unknown. Overall, our results clarify the picture of two component lantibiotics mechanism of antimicrobial action

Insulin receptor-related receptor as an extracellular alkali sensor

17sireservedThe insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR), an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor family, can be activated by alkaline media both in vitro and in vivo at pH >7.9. The alkali-sensing property of IRR is conserved in frog, mouse, and human. IRR activation is specific, dose-dependent and quickly reversible and demonstrates positive cooperativity. It also triggers receptor conformational changes and elicits intracellular signaling. The pH sensitivity of IRR is primarily defined by its L1F extracellular domains. IRR is predominantly expressed in organs that come in contact with mildly alkaline media. In particular, IRR is expressed in the cell subsets of the kidney that secrete bicarbonate into urine. Disruption of IRR in mice impairs the renal response to alkali loading attested by development of metabolic alkalosis and decreased urinary bicarbonate excretion in response to this challenge. We therefore postulate that IRR is an alkali sensor that functions in the kidney to manage metabolic bicarbonate excess.mixedDeyev, Igor E; Sohet, Fabien; Vassilenko, Konstantin P; Serova, Oxana V; Popova, Nadezhda V; Zozulya, Sergey A; Burova, Elena B; Houillier, Pascal; Rzhevsky, Dmitry I; Berchatova, Anastasija A; Murashev, Arkady N; Chugunov, Anton O; Efremov, Roman G; Nikol'Sky, Nikolai N; Bertelli, Eugenio; Eladari, Dominique; Petrenko, Alexander G.Deyev, Igor E; Sohet, Fabien; Vassilenko, Konstantin P; Serova, Oxana V; Popova, Nadezhda V; Zozulya, Sergey A; Burova, Elena B; Houillier, Pascal; Rzhevsky, Dmitry I; Berchatova, Anastasija A; Murashev, Arkady N; Chugunov, Anton O; Efremov, Roman G; Nikol'Sky, Nikolai N; Bertelli, Eugenio; Eladari, Dominique; Petrenko, Alexander G