Code Switching in BIPA Classes: Teachers' and Students’ Attitudes

The controversy of using L1 or L2 only in second language classes has been widely discussed in many studies. Some teachers, however, opt for the middle ground by employing the bilingual approach; they practice code switching to some extent to facilitate teaching learning process.  In the context of BIPA teaching and learning this issue has not been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the teachers as well as the students’ attitude towards the practice of code-switching in BIPA classes, specifically in the basic level classes. The factors behind its practice will also be discussed in the light of its benefit and hindrance for teaching learning process. This study employed a quantitative research design by conducting a survey and a qualitative research design by interpreting the result of the interview with the teachers and students. In general the study indicates the need of code-switching to support teaching and learning process, especially for the beginner level classes.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Kontroversi penggunaan hanya bahasa pertama atau bahasa kedua dalam kelas bahasa kedua telah banyak dibahas dalam banyak penelitian. Meskipun demikian, sebagian pengajar memilih jalan tengah dengan menggunakan pendekatan dwi-bahasa; mereka menggunakan alih kode sampai kadar tertentu untuk memudahkan proses belajar mengajar. Dalam konteks belajar mengajar BIPA isu ini kurang banyak dibahas. Karena itu, studi ini ingin mengkaji sikap para pengajar maupun pelajar terhadap praktek alih kode di kelas BIPA, khususnya di kelas tingkat  dasar. Faktor-faktor di balik praktek tsb juga akan dibahas dalam perspektif kelebihan dan kekurangannya untuk proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan mengadakan survei dan juga kualitatif dengan melakukan intepretasi terhadap hasil wawancara dengan pengajar dan pelajarnya. Secara umum, studi ini mengindikasikan perlunya alih kode untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar, khusunya untuk kelas tingkat dasar

Skin Topography Analysis for Forensic Application

Skin topography analysis, especially fingerprinting, has been used with high levels of success in forensic studies to identify individuals. Since fingerprints are not always left at crime scenes, we investigate the potential utility of prints left from other anatomical sites as a means of identifying their subject. An image processing and pattern recognition code is used to identify key features in images of skin topography of the mid-anterior forearms, back of the hands, and underneath the wrists over a 1-2 month period. These features are then analyzed to determine if topographical features in skin other than fingerprints remain the same over time. Preliminary evidence indicates skin topography, not just fingerprints, stays consistent over time, suggesting that topographical skin prints from multiple regions of the body can be useful for forensic identification of individuals at crime scenes. A larger study including multiple subjects, however, is needed to verify these findings.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2023/1083/thumbnail.jp

The uncertainty contagion: Revealing the interrelated, cascading uncertainties of managed retreat

Managed retreat presents a dilemma for at-risk communities, and the planning practitioners and decisionmakers working to address natural hazard and climate change risks. The dilemma boils down to the countervailing imperatives of moving out of harm’s way versus retaining ties to community and place. While there are growing calls for its use, managed retreat remains challenging in practice—across diverse settings. The approach has been tested with varied success in a number of countries, but significant uncertainties remain, such as regarding who ‘manages’ it, when and how it should occur, at whose cost, and to where? Drawing upon a case study of managed retreat in New Zealand, this research uncovers intersecting and compounding arenas of uncertainty regarding the approach, responsibilities, legality, funding, politics and logistics of managed retreat. Where uncertainty is present in one domain, it spreads into others creating a cascading series of political, personal and professional risks that impact trust in science and authority and affect people’s lives and risk exposure. In revealing these mutually dependent dimensions of uncertainty, we argue there is merit in refocusing attention away from policy deficits, barrier approaches or technical assessments as a means to provide ‘certainty’, to instead focus on the relations between forms of knowledge and coordinating interactions between the diverse arenas: scientific, governance, financial, political and socio-cultural; otherwise uncertainty can spread like a contagion, making inaction more likely

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERIMAAN DAN PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI OJEK ONLINE DENGAN PENDEKATAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine factorsacceptance and usage behaviour ofmotorcycle online. A conceptual framework has been developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect information from 358 respondents frommotorcycle online user. Questionnaire survey was conducted in South tangerang,Indonesia.The quantitative research methode was used with convenience method of sampling. The results of this study show that 1) the perceived ease of use positively and significantly related to perceptions of benefits 2) Perception ofusefulnessdoes not affect the intention of use 3) Factors perceived ease of use positively and significantly to the intention of use 4) Attitude toward doesnot affect the intention behaviour5) The facilitating condition have a significant positive correlation to usage behavior6) Intention Behaviour of motorcycles online does not affect the usage behavior. It isexpected this study as a reference for companies associated with online technologies

Contexts can be Cheap: Solving Stochastic Contextual Bandits with Linear Bandit Algorithms

In this paper, we address the stochastic contextual linear bandit problem, where a decision maker is provided a context (a random set of actions drawn from a distribution). The expected reward of each action is specified by the inner product of the action and an unknown parameter. The goal is to design an algorithm that learns to play as close as possible to the unknown optimal policy after a number of action plays. This problem is considered more challenging than the linear bandit problem, which can be viewed as a contextual bandit problem with a \emph{fixed} context. Surprisingly, in this paper, we show that the stochastic contextual problem can be solved as if it is a linear bandit problem. In particular, we establish a novel reduction framework that converts every stochastic contextual linear bandit instance to a linear bandit instance, when the context distribution is known. When the context distribution is unknown, we establish an algorithm that reduces the stochastic contextual instance to a sequence of linear bandit instances with small misspecifications and achieves nearly the same worst-case regret bound as the algorithm that solves the misspecified linear bandit instances. As a consequence, our results imply a $O(d\sqrt{T\log T})$ high-probability regret bound for contextual linear bandits, making progress in resolving an open problem in (Li et al., 2019), (Li et al., 2021). Our reduction framework opens up a new way to approach stochastic contextual linear bandit problems, and enables improved regret bounds in a number of instances including the batch setting, contextual bandits with misspecifications, contextual bandits with sparse unknown parameters, and contextual bandits with adversarial corruption

The Role of Resilience towards Altruism: Be Strong for Yourself before Anyone Else

 Professional psychologists provide services for clients to heal. Thus, it is important for professional psychology graduate students to have altruism, or a trait in which individuals are consistently more generous, helpful, and kind than the average people. To have altruism, students must have resilience, namely the ability to rise in the face of stressful situations with the following dimensions: (a) personal competence; (b) tolerance to adverse effects; (c) acceptance of changes; (d) control; and (e) spiritual beliefs. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of resilience to altruism. The research took data from 104 students, and data processing was done by linear regression. It was found that overall resilience played a role in altruism. If viewed per dimension, the only dimensions significantly impacting altruism were tolerance to adverse effects and control. Further research can explore the relationship between resilience and altruism in other service-providing professionals.Keywords: Altruism, resilience, professional psychology, graduate students    

Phosphorus bioavailability and digestibility in canola meals determined by different methods

Six experiments were conducted to determine P bioavailability for a new test high-protein canola meal (TCM), a conventional canola meal (CCM) and dehulled soybean meal (SBM) using different types of animal assays. Experiment 1 was a chick-growth bioassay conducted to determine relative P bioavailability in the TCM, CCM, and SBM relative to KH2PO4. A phosphorus-deficient cornstarch-dextrose-SBM basal diet was fed as Diet 1. Diets 2 and 3 had 0.05% or 0.10% P added from KH2PO4, respectively. The remaining diets had 12.5% or 25% TCM, CCM, or SBM added in place of cornstarch and dextrose. Bioavailability of P was estimated using the multiple-regression slope-ratio method where tibia ash was regressed on supplemental P intake. A linear increase in tibia ash was observed as the P level was increased by addition of KH2PO4, CCM, TCM, or SBM. Mean bioavailability values of P in the TCM, CCM, and SBM relative to KH2PO4 were 18, 15, and 34%, respectively. It was concluded that the bioavailable P content of the new TCM was statistically equal to the CCM. Experiment 2, an additional chick bioassay, was conducted to determine the effect of phytase enzyme (Optiphos, Huvepharma, Sofia, Bulgaria) on bioavailability of the P in the CMs. Diet 1 was a phosphorus-deficient TCM-cornstarch-dextrose diet, with the TCM as the only source of dietary P. Diets 2-4 had 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% P added from KH2PO4, respectively. Diets 5 and 6 were the same as Diet 1 with 125 or 250 units phytase added per kg of diets, respectively. Diets 7-14 were the same as Diets 1-7 except that CCM was the CM source. Multiple-regression was used to regress bone ash on supplemental P intake and the slope-ratio method was used to determine P release by phytase. It was estimated that the addition of 125 or 250 units/kg of phytase greatly increased the bioavailable P content of the TCM by 0.05 and 0.10%, respectively, and the response to phytase was slightly lower for the CCM than TCM. The results indicated that phytase greatly and similarly increased the bioavailability of P in the TCM and CCM. Experiment 3 was an ad-libitum-fed chick experiment which evaluated the effect of phytase on P digestibility and (ileal) retention (excreta) values for CCM based on ileal and excreta contents, respectively. The chicks were fed a P - deficient cornstarch - dextrose CM basal diet (.13% available P) as Diet 1. Diets 2 and 3 were the basal diet plus 125 or 250 FTU/kg of phytase, respectively. On Day 22, the ileal digesta and excreta were collected and analyzed for P. Ileal P digestibility was 38.0%, 44.8%, and 46.6% for birds fed Diets 1-3, respectively. The P retention values were determined to be 38.7%, 47.3%, and 51.0% for Diets 1-3, respectively. Experiment 4 was a precision - fed chick assay conducted to determine the ileal P digestibility of CCM. The chicks were fed a nutritionally complete corn - SBM starter diet from Days 1 - 20. On Day 21, after fasting for 9 hours overnight, the chicks were tube fed 3, 6, or 9 g for CCM. Ileal digesta were collected four hours after feeding. Mean ileal P digestibility was determined to be 47.5% in chicks fed 6 g and 40% in chicks fed 9 g of CCM. Experiment 5 was conducted using a precision-fed rooster assay to determine P retention values for CCM. After withdrawal of feed for 24 hours, the roosters were tube-fed 8, 16, or 24 g of CCM. All excreta (feces + urine) were collected 48 hours after feeding. Phosphorus standardized retention values were 34.6%, 28.5%, and 23.1% for birds tube-fed 8, 16, and 24 g of CCM, respectively. Experiment 6 was an ad libitum-fed chick assay to determine the ileal P digestibility and retention of CCM with and without increasing levels of dietary supplemental Ca and Ca: P ratio. The chicks were fed a P deficient - dextrose - CCM basal diet (0.039% available P, 13.50% CCM) as Diet 1. Diets 2-4 contained increasing levels of 27%, 40.50%, or 54% added CCM, respectively. The Ca: available P ratio was maintained at a 2:1 ratio in Diets 1-4. Diets 5-8 were the same as Diets 1-4 but supplemental calcium was added so that the Ca: available P ratio was maintained at a 6:1 ratio. Diets were fed from Days 15-21 posthatch and excreta were collected on Days 21 and 22 and ileal digesta on Day 22. Phosphorus digestibility decreased with each increase in dietary CCM and also with increased Ca: P ratio. Phosphorus retention values also generally decreased with increased Ca: P ratio. The results of Experiments 3-6 indicated the P digestibility and retention values for CCM varied among balance methods and sometimes among levels of CCM fed

Restraints of change : limits to 'managed retreats' in Aotearoa New Zealand

Managed retreat is an important strategy for natural hazard risk reduction and climate change adaptation, but its operationalisation brings many challenges, even when it is compelling. With significant built, cultural and infrastructural assets sited on low lying coastal land, and settlements traversing fault lines, flood plains, volcanic fields, and debris flow fans, remedying unsustainable land use patterns is essential to building societal resilience. To progress managed retreat from rhetoric to reality, however, New Zealand’s governance framework must be fit for purpose. The decision-making challenge for managed retreat in New Zealand rests predominantly with environmental planning and the mandated promotion of sustainable management of natural and physical resources. The focus of this research is to examine the role of environmental planning in enabling managed retreat in New Zealand, identify and analyse the potential mechanisms available, and consider opportunities to improve practice. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied to investigate the function and effect of the various instruments able to influence the practice of managed retreat, identify significant barriers and enablers, ascertain public perceptions towards policy, and consider governance constraints and the prospects to build institutional capacity. The research finds that the term ‘managed retreat’ incorporates a broad array of regulatory and financial mechanisms, with the potential to reduce exposure to a range of natural hazards and disruptive environmental changes across space and time. Although the current institutional framework has elements that can address future managed retreat of new development, instruments and support for managing legacy land uses are weak. Policy learning is occurring nationwide, but fragmentation and a lack of strong and consistent direction hinders effective management of risk. Important contributions of the research include a detailed interrogation of managed retreat in policy, analysis of the significant constraints hindering its application and acceptance in New Zealand, and the development of new opportunities to pursue managed retreat in a more effective, equitable, responsive, and robust manner. A governance framework provides a foundation to better examine and consider the various types of ‘managed retreats’ which align to the nature of the problem. It also helps shed light on the areas where research, law, and policy is currently lacking, in order to continue to answer the difficult questions of managed retreat by whom, how, when, and who pays? Overall, this research exposes the complexities inherent in a diverse array of managed retreats, which at present are constrained by a range of socio-political-cultural, economic, and institutional barriers, requiring new arrangements of the law, planning, and funding mechanisms, and potentially, alternative governance modes. Retreat is inevitable in certain local and global environs—how it is delivered will determine the success of its outcomes and ultimately, the resilience of current and future generations. Bridging the gap between managed retreat theory and practice to increase resilience is essential

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Peer reviewe

Code Switching in BIPA Classes: Teachers' and Students’ Attitudes

The controversy of using L1 or L2 only in second language classes has been widely discussed in many studies. Some teachers, however, opt for the middle ground by employing the bilingual approach; they practice code switching to some extent to facilitate teaching learning process.  In the context of BIPA teaching and learning this issue has not been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the teachers as well as the students’ attitude towards the practice of code-switching in BIPA classes, specifically in the basic level classes. The factors behind its practice will also be discussed in the light of its benefit and hindrance for teaching learning process. This study employed a quantitative research design by conducting a survey and a qualitative research design by interpreting the result of the interview with the teachers and students. In general the study indicates the need of code-switching to support teaching and learning process, especially for the beginner level classes. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Kontroversi penggunaan hanya bahasa pertama atau bahasa kedua dalam kelas bahasa kedua telah banyak dibahas dalam banyak penelitian. Meskipun demikian, sebagian pengajar memilih jalan tengah dengan menggunakan pendekatan dwi-bahasa; mereka menggunakan alih kode sampai kadar tertentu untuk memudahkan proses belajar mengajar. Dalam konteks belajar mengajar BIPA isu ini kurang banyak dibahas. Karena itu, studi ini ingin mengkaji sikap para pengajar maupun pelajar terhadap praktek alih kode di kelas BIPA, khususnya di kelas tingkat  dasar. Faktor-faktor di balik praktek tsb juga akan dibahas dalam perspektif kelebihan dan kekurangannya untuk proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan mengadakan survei dan juga kualitatif dengan melakukan intepretasi terhadap hasil wawancara dengan pengajar dan pelajarnya. Secara umum, studi ini mengindikasikan perlunya alih kode untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar, khusunya untuk kelas tingkat dasar