O avanço do discurso da agricultura única e a urgência de ressignificação da agricultura familiar no Brasil

The article reflects on the discursive advance of “sole agriculture” in Brazil, represented, roughly speaking, by agribusiness and the retreat of the socio-productive projection of “family farming”. It is understood that this prevalent narrative has, as possible causes, the fragility of theoretical, political and social investments in the family farming segment, closely linked to the definition and restrictive criteria present in the rural credit regulations and by Law n. 11,326/2006. It was possible to sustain the idea of a sole agriculture that has been fueled in large part by the economic gradient that concentrates the Gross Value of Production (GVP), by the agribusiness advertising campaigns broadcast by the media and by the influential political power bloc in the National Congress, represented by the Agricultural Parliamentary Front (FPA) vis-à-vis the peripheral bench of family agriculture. These factors, aligned with the political scenario of the 2016-2022 period, and involuntarily, due to the loss of social and political mobilization by social organizations and family farming unionism, contributed to the weakening of policies to support family farming and the option of strengthening the agribusiness.Este artículo analiza el avance discursivo de la “agricultura única” en Brasil, representada, en términos generales, por el agronegocio y por el retroceso de la proyección socioproductiva de la “agricultura familiar”. Se entiende que esa narrativa predominante tiene, como posibles causas, la fragilidad de las inversiones teóricas, políticas y sociales en el segmento de la agricultura familiar, estrechamente ligadas a la definición y a los criterios restrictivos presentes en las normas de crédito rural y en la Ley n. 11.326/2006. A lo largo de esta investigación, se logró sostener la idea del concepto de agricultura única que ha sido fomentado en gran parte por el gradiente económico que concentra el Valor Bruto de la Producción (PVB), por las campañas publicitarias del agronegocio difundidas por los medios de comunicación y por el influyente bloque de poder político en el Congreso Nacional, representado por el Frente Parlamentario Agropecuário (FPA) vis-à-vis al grupo marginal de la agricultura familiar. Esos factores, alineados con el escenario político del periodo 2016-2022 e, involuntariamente, con la pérdida de movilización social y política de las organizaciones sociales y del sindicalismo de la agricultura familiar, contribuyeron para el debilitamiento de las políticas de apoyo a la agricultura familiar y para la opción de fortalecimiento de la agroindustria.O artigo reflete sobre o avanço discursivo da “agricultura única” no Brasil, representada, grosso modo, pelo agronegócio e, recuo da projeção socioprodutiva da “agricultura familiar”. Compreende-se que essa narrativa prevalente tem como possíveis causas, a fragilidade de investimentos teóricos, políticos e sociais do segmento da agricultura familiar, muito vinculada à definição e aos critérios restritivos presentes nos normativos do crédito rural e pela Lei n. 11.326/2006. Foi possível sustentar a ideia de agricultura única que vem sendo alimentada em grande parte, pelo gradiente econômico que concentra o Valor Bruto da Produção (VBP), pelas campanhas publicitárias do agronegócio veiculadas pela mídia e pelo influente bloco de poder político no Congresso Nacional, representada pela Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA) vis-à-vis a periférica bancada da agricultura familiar. Esses fatores, alinhados ao cenário político do período 2016-2022, e involuntariamente, pela perda de mobilização social e política das organizações sociais e do sindicalismo da agricultura familiar, contribuíram para a fragilização das políticas de apoio à agricultura familiar e pela opção de fortalecimento do agronegócio

Analysis of road safety incentives in highway concessions in Spain

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are mostly implemented for three reasons: to circumvent budgetary constraints, encourage efficiency and improvement of quality in the provision of public infrastructure. One of the ways of reaching the latter objective is by the introduction of performance-based standards tied to bonuses and penalties to reward or punish the performance of the contractor. These performance based standards often refer to different aspects such as technical, environmental and safety issues. This paper focuses on the implementation of safety based incentives in PPPs. The main aim of this paper is to analyze whether the incentives to improve road safety in PPPs are effective in improving safety ratios in Spain. To this end, negative binomial regression models have been applied using information from the Spanish high capacity network in 2006. The findings indicate that even though road safety is highly influenced by variables that are not much controllable by the contractor such as the Average Annual Daily Traffic and the percentage of heavy vehicles in the highway, the implementation of safety incentives in PPPs has a positive influence in the reduction of fatalities, injuries and accidents

Effectiveness of safety-based incentives in Public Private Partnerships: Evidence from the case of Spain

Many countries around the world are implementing Public?Private?Partnership (PPP) contacts to manage road infrastructure. In some of these contracts the public sector introduces economic incentives to the private operator to foster the accomplishment of social goals. One of the incentives that have been introduced in some PPP contracts is related to safety in such a way that the better the safety outcome the greater will be the economic reward to the contractor. The aim of this paper is at identify whether the incentives to improve road safety in highway PPPs are ultimately effective in improving safety ratios. To this end Poisson and negative binomial regression models have been applied using information from highway sections in Spain. The findings indicate that even though road safety is highly influenced by variables that are not much controllable by the contractor such as the Average Annual Daily Traffic and the percentage of heavy vehicles, the implementation of safety incentives in PPPs has a positive influence in the reduction of fatalities, injuries and accidents

Dietary Supplement Usage And Motivation In Brazilian Road Runners.

The consumption of dietary supplements is highest among athletes and it can represent potential a health risk for consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of consumption of dietary supplements by road runners. We interviewed 817 volunteers from four road races in the Brazilian running calendar. The sample consisted of 671 male and 146 female runners with a mean age of 37.9 ± 12.4 years. Of the sample, 28.33% reported having used some type of dietary supplement. The main motivation for this consumption is to increase in stamina and improve performance. The probability of consuming dietary supplements increased 4.67 times when the runners were guided by coaches. The consumption of supplements was strongly correlated (r = 0.97) with weekly running distance, and also highly correlated (r = 0.86) with the number of years the sport had been practiced. The longer the runner had practiced the sport, the higher the training volume and the greater the intake of supplements. The five most frequently cited reasons for consumption were: energy enhancement (29.5%), performance improvement (17.1%), increased level of endurance (10.3%), nutrient replacement (11.1%), and avoidance of fatigue (10.3%). About 30% of the consumers declared more than one reason for taking dietary supplements. The most consumed supplements were: carbohydrates (52.17%), vitamins (28.70%), and proteins (13.48%). Supplement consumption by road runners in Brazil appeared to be guided by the energy boosting properties of the supplement, the influence of coaches, and the experience of the user. The amount of supplement intake seemed to be lower among road runners than for athletes of other sports. We recommend that coaches and nutritionists emphasise that a balanced diet can meet the needs of physically active people.114

Do Public Private Partnerships improve road safety?

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are mostly implemented for three reasons: to circumvent budgetary constraints, encourage efficiency and improvement of quality in the provision of public infrastructure. One of the ways of reaching the latter objective is by the introduction of performance-based standards tied to bonuses and penalties to reward or punish the performance of the contractor. One of the most important indicators adopted are defined in terms of the safety performance of the road. The aim of this paper is to identify whether the incentives to improve road safety in PPPs are ultimately effective in improving safety ratios. To that end we have calibrated several econometric models using information of toll motorways in Spain. We found that, even though road safety is highly influenced by variables that are not much controllable by the contractor such as the Average Annual Daily Traffic and the percentage of heavy vehicles in the motorway, the implementation of safety incentives in PPPs has a positive influence in the reduction of fatalities, injuries and accidents

Incentivos a la Seguridad Vial en proyectos de participación público-privada (PPP) en España

A efectos de España, Participación Público Privada (PPP) es un sistema de concesión en el que el concesionario se compromete a la mejora y mantenimiento de una infraestructura y tiene el derecho de percibir una retribución a través de peaje directo o peaje sombra. Este tipo de financiación de la infraestructura es cada vez más utilizada a nivel mundial debido a las restricciones presupuestarias de los gobiernos y a la necesidad de incrementar calidad y eficiencia en proyectos de infraestructura. La calidad y eficiencia pueden ser alcanzadas con la introducción de incentivos o penalizaciones dependiendo de algunos criterios de calidad relativos a la seguridad, aspectos técnicos del firme y medio ambiente prefijados en el contrato. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los proyectos de PPP fomentan mayor calidad en lo relativo a seguridad vial que proyectos convencionales en los que estos puntos son gestionados directamente por la Administración. Se ha aplicado modelos lineales generales de regresión de Poisson para el estudio de las principales variables de influencia sobre los accidentes y victimas. Como resultado se ha encontrado que las variables que no son controlables por el concesionario como la Intensidad Media Diaria y el Porcentaje de Vehículos Pesados son las que más influyen en la seguridad vial, sin embargo, la introducción de incentivos a la seguridad vial en PPPs tiene una influencia positiva en la reducción de muerto

A indústria moveleira da Região Sul do Brasil e seus impactos na economia regional: uma análise em Matriz de Insumo-Produto Multirregional

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of the South region furniture industry of Brazil on its regional economies. For this purpose, Multiregional input-output tables from the Brazilian South region for 1999 are constructed. The results suggest the existence of a high linkage effect of the furniture sector with other sectors and a high output multiplier. This result confirms the furniture industry as a key sector in terms of backward linkage for the State economies of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Also, there is strong correlation between the civil construction and furniture sectors, what indicates that the furniture industry is sensitive to House loans.O presente trabalho busca analisar os impactos da indústria moveleira da Região Sul do Brasil sobre suas economias regionais, utilizando-se, para isso, do instrumental de Matriz de Insumo-Produto Multirregional. Nesse sentido, foi calculada, a partir da Matriz de Insumo-Produto nacional, a matriz multirregional da Região Sul do Brasil para o ano de 1999. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que há alto efeito de ligação do setor de móveis com os demais setores da economia, alto índice de multiplicador de produto, confirmando-se como setor-chave, no sentido “para trás” , para as economias estaduais do Paraná e de Santa Catarina. Outro resultado destacado é a forte correlação do setor da construção civil com o setor de móveis, indicando que os créditos direcionados para a compra de imóveis são bem sentidos pela indústria moveleira. Palavras-chave Indústria de móveis; Matriz de Insumo-Produto; economia regional aplicada

Enfermagem na segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária

The aim was to describe how nursing should act in primary health care to ensure patient safety, with the specific objectives of describing the concept of primary health care, understanding the importance of patient safety in primary health care and discussing how nursing must act in primary care to ensure patient safety. The methodology used in this project was through a bibliographic literature review research, where information on the chosen topic was researched, thus raising texts published in Portuguese, produced in Brazil, through a SciELO database, and LILACS, selection of the texts was made by means of survey on the internet, such as academic books, articles and magazines relevant to the subject, with a period between 2015 and 2019. It was evidenced that increasing the structure and services in primary health care represents an excellent strategy to ensure the support of health systems around the world, providing assistance to users in a preventive, continuous and integrated manner.Objetivou-se descrever como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária à saúde para garantir a segurança do paciente tendo como objetivos específicos descrever o conceito sobre atenção primária na saúde, compreender a importância da segurança do paciente na atenção primária na saúde e discutir como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária para garantir a segurança dos pacientes. A metodologia usada nesse projeto foi através de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura bibliográfica, onde foram pesquisadas informações sobre o tema escolhido, assim levantado textos publicados em português, produzidos no Brasil, através de uma base de dados da SciELO, e LILACS, seleção dos textos foi feita por meios de levantamento na internet, como livros acadêmicos, artigos e revistas pertinentes ao assunto, com período entre 2015 e 2019. Evidenciou-se que o aumento da estrutura e dos serviços na assistência primária na saúde representa uma excelente estratégia para assegurar a sustentação dos sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, proporcionando assistência dos usuários de maneira preventiva, contínua e integrada

Enfermagem na segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária

The aim was to describe how nursing should act in primary health care to ensure patient safety, with the specific objectives of describing the concept of primary health care, understanding the importance of patient safety in primary health care and discussing how nursing must act in primary care to ensure patient safety. The methodology used in this project was through a bibliographic literature review research, where information on the chosen topic was researched, thus raising texts published in Portuguese, produced in Brazil, through a SciELO database, and LILACS, selection of the texts was made by means of survey on the internet, such as academic books, articles and magazines relevant to the subject, with a period between 2015 and 2019. It was evidenced that increasing the structure and services in primary health care represents an excellent strategy to ensure the support of health systems around the world, providing assistance to users in a preventive, continuous and integrated manner.Objetivou-se descrever como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária à saúde para garantir a segurança do paciente tendo como objetivos específicos descrever o conceito sobre atenção primária na saúde, compreender a importância da segurança do paciente na atenção primária na saúde e discutir como a enfermagem deve atuar na atenção primária para garantir a segurança dos pacientes. A metodologia usada nesse projeto foi através de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura bibliográfica, onde foram pesquisadas informações sobre o tema escolhido, assim levantado textos publicados em português, produzidos no Brasil, através de uma base de dados da SciELO, e LILACS, seleção dos textos foi feita por meios de levantamento na internet, como livros acadêmicos, artigos e revistas pertinentes ao assunto, com período entre 2015 e 2019. Evidenciou-se que o aumento da estrutura e dos serviços na assistência primária na saúde representa uma excelente estratégia para assegurar a sustentação dos sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, proporcionando assistência dos usuários de maneira preventiva, contínua e integrada