Multidisciplinary investigation on cold seeps with vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (MarsiteCruise): Strategy for site detection and sampling and first scientific outcome

MarsiteCruise was undertaken in October/November 2014 in the Sea of Marmara to gain detailed insight into the fate of fluids migrating within the sedimentary column and partially released into the water column. The overall objective of the project was to achieve a more global understanding of cold-seep dynamics in the context of a major active strike-slip fault. Five remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives were performed at selected areas along the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults. To efficiently detect, select and sample the gas seeps, we applied an original procedure. It combines sequentially (1) the acquisition of ship-borne multibeam acoustic data from the water column prior to each dive to detect gas emission sites and to design the tracks of the ROV dives, (2) in situ and real-time Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gas stream, and (3) onboard determination of molecular and isotopic compositions of the collected gas bubbles. The in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a decision-making tool to evaluate the need for continuing with the sampling of gases from the discovered seep, or to move to another one. Push cores were gathered to study buried carbonates and pore waters at the surficial sediment, while CTD-Rosette allowed collecting samples to measure dissolved-methane concentration within the water column followed by a comparison with measurements from samples collected with the submersible Nautile during the Marnaut cruise in 2007. Overall, the visited sites were characterized by a wide diversity of seeps. CO2- and oil-rich seeps were found at the westernmost part of the sea in the Tekirdag Basin, while amphipods, anemones and coral populated the sites visited at the easternmost part in the Cinarcik Basin. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and bacterial mats were widespread on the seafloor at all sites with variable size and distributions. The measured methane concentrations in the water column were up to 377 μmol, and the dissolved pore-water profiles indicated the occurrence of sulfate depleting processes accompanied with carbonate precipitation. The pore-water profiles display evidence of biogeochemical transformations leading to the fast depletion of seawater sulfate within the first 25-cm depth of the sediment. These results show that the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults are important migration paths for fluids for which a significant part is discharged into the water column, contributing to the increase of methane concentration at the bottom seawater and favoring the development of specific ecosystems

Liberalisation, surveillance and suicide at La Poste

This article examines how the contradictory dynamics of freedom and control that characterise neoliberal capitalism are played out on lived experiences of work in the context of the newly liberalised and restructured French postal services (La Poste). At La Poste, liberalisation was framed as a great emancipatory project that would reinvigorate a moribund state-owned company, remove regulatory constraints, deepen economic freedoms and strip away deadening bureaucracy. Yet, whilst liberalisation freed La Poste of regulatory controls, it was accompanied by an intensified surveillance and control of everyday working life. The new control measures were not limited to external working practices and structures, but sought to capture the individual worker’s personality, communication and values and harness them towards the company’s redefined commercial goals. Drawing on critical scholarship on neoliberal capitalism and labour, the article shows that when capitalist rationality extends beyond working activity and encroaches on complex, intimate and vulnerable dimensions of the person, this can have dangerous human consequences. At La Poste, liberalisation triggered a profound crisis across the company, transforming it into an ‘entreprise en souffrance’ characterised by escalating levels of psychological distress, chronic stress and a series of employee suicides

Mise en place d’une cellule individualisée d’entraînement dans une structure fédérale

Introduction du chapitre 18. De l’innovation technologique à l’innovation managérialepar Adrien SedeaudMathilde Desenfant et Adrien Marck, dans leur chapitre « L’innovation en sport de haut niveau : perspectives au cœur d’un processus individualisé », nous ont sensibilisés à une définition de l’innovation résolument tournée vers l’application et l’utilisation d’éléments novateurs. Dans le cadre du sport de haut niveau, ils nous proposent d’embrasser l’innovation comme « l’introduction d’une ..

Avant-propos

Les sollicitations de l’actualité récente, particulièrement en Europe centrale et orientale, ont ramené au premier plan des préoccupations des sciences humaines l’étude de la genèse, du développement et de l’évolution des sentiments identitaires et nationaux. Dans un certain nombre de cas, le fait religieux constitue, à des degrés divers, une des composantes de l’affirmation nationale là où éventuellement, comme dans l’ex-Yougoslavie, la composante linguistique, essentielle dans la traditionn..

The texture of food for infants and young children

The weaning period is a transition from milk to family foods and is a critical phase for the development of food acceptance and eating habits of children. The texture of the complementary food introduced plays an important role in shaping preferences. It is known that early introduction of solid food and experience in difficult-to-chew textures could enhance later food acceptance. Texture acceptance follows the developmental sequence of oral functions and infants are more likely to accept texture they can manipulate in mouth. The development of these functions (mainly chewing) is thought to depend on the texture infants are exposed to. Infant refusing foods that require significant chewing may fall behind in their oral motor development as a result of lack of experience with chewing. Moreover hard, fibrous, non-softened foods are thought to be the only foods able to encourage enough mastication to allow growing of dental arches. WHO guidelines recommend to start weaning at 6 months and to gradually increase food consistency as infants get older. A critical window for introducing lumpy food is also suggested (not beyond 10 months) to avoid feeding difficulties later on. Presently, ready-to-eat foods are an important part of weaning foods in most of the developing and developed countries. These commercial preparations meet nutritional needs at different age groups. Nevertheless, there is limited information available on the texture of these commercial preparations. The objective of this study was to characterise the structural properties of baby foods and to describe how these properties change as children grow. We selected 7 fruit purees, 18 savoury baby-foods and 4 biscuits, representing products proposed on the French market for 4/6 months to 24 months old children by three main baby-food manufacturers. Pureed products were characterised by their flow behaviour. All samples exhibited shear-thinning behaviour. Thixotropic behaviours were observed for samples containing banana and biscuits only. Significant differences in apparent viscosity (50 s-1) were observed between recipes but they were not related to age-group. Savoury foods were vegetable purees (4-6 months) which included particles (mainly carrots and pasta) from 8 months onwards. Particles were weighted and their size was determined by image analysis. Particles represented 12 to 49 % of product total weight and measured between 3 to 20 mm. The quantity and the size of the particles increased with age, but large variations were observed between brands and between recipes. The hardness of these particles is under investigation using extrusion method. Finally, experiments are currently ongoing to determine the physical (density, humidity) and rheological (3-point bending test and compression tests after short immersion in water/ saliva) properties of the cereal products

Permanent Magnet Sources for Magnetic Refrigeration

21th Conference on Rare Earth Magnets and their ApplicationsSeveral permanent magnet structures have been proposed for magnetic refrigeration but it remains diffi cult to compare their performance. To overcome this issue some recent studies have proposed different magnet performance criteria and calculated the design performance. This paper aims to defi ne a new set of performance criteria taking into account the magnetic work and to perform an accurate comparison of some published designs of magnetic fi eld sources. First a brief review of previously proposed performance criteria is given and their limitations are discussed. Then a set of performance criteria is defi ned. Magnetic coeffi cient of performance is introduced. The set is completed by cooling power density, price per unit of cooling power and maximum magnetic torque or force (respectively for rotary or reciprocating designs). Different published structures are compared, from simple C-shaped magnets to complex fl ux concentration multi-pole machine, including Halbach assemblies. Finally these structures are modelled using commercial Finite Element software, namely FLUX®, and compared according to the set of performance criteria

Numerical analysis of an active magnetic regenerator - A parametric study

International audienc

Numerical analysis of an active magnetic regenerator

International audienc

Comparison of magnetic field sources for magnetic refrigeration at room temperature

International audienc

Physiological demand and pacing strategy during the new combined event in elite pentathletes

International audiencePurpose: To evaluate the physiological demands and effects of different pacing strategies on performance during the new combined event (CE) of the modern pentathlon (consisting of three pistol shooting sessions interspersed by three 1-km running legs).Methods: Nine elite pentathletes realised five tests: a free-paced CE during an international competition; an incremental running test to determine VO2max and its related velocity (vVO2max) and three experimental time-trial CE, where the pacing strategy was manipulated (CEref, CE100%, CE105%). CEref reproduced the international competition strategy with a 170m fast running start within the first 2kilometres. CE100% and CE105% imposed a constant strategy over km-1 and km-2 with a velocity of 100% and 105% of the mean speed adopted over the same sections during the international competition, respectively. Km-3 was always self-paced.Results: The subjects ran CEref at 99±4% of vV .12 O2max and reached 100±5%, 100±7%, 99±8% of VO2max at the end of kilometres 1, 2, and 3, respectively (VO2max: 72±6mlO2.min-1.kg-113 ), with a peak blood lactate concentration of 13.6±1.5mmol.L-114 . No significant differences in overall performance were found between the pacing conditions (753±30s, 770±39s, 768±27s for CEref, CE100% and CE105%,respectively, p=0.63), but all of the shooting performance parameters were only stable in CEref.Conclusion: Completion of CE by elite pentathletes elicits a maximal aerobic contribution coupledwith a high glycolytic supply. Manipulating the mean running speed over km-1 and km-2 had stronginfluence on the overall pacing strategy and induced minor differences in shooting performance but itdidn’t affect overall performance