Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

The Impact of Gender on Science and Academy

The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of gender on biomedical research through three observational studies, a randomized controlled trial and a book chapter. Study 1 had a cross-sectional design and aimed to assess whether the writing pattern in abstracts of funding submissions from the biomedical areas of FAPERGS differed between men and women. The relationship between the researcher's career stage and curriculum was also evaluated. For this, a language analysis software (LIWC) was used, in which the following variables were collected: Use of positive words, use of negative words, analytical thinking, clout, authenticity and emotional tone. There were no statistical differences in the writing pattern according to the gender of the researchers, however, applicants of successful proposals had a significantly higher number of published articles. In conclusion, gender bias in funding proposals seems to be a more complex problem than the language pattern used. Study 2, also crosssectional, aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 had a different impact on dentistry female researchers compared to male researchers. For this, all articles published between January 30 and July 31, 2019 and from the same period of 2020 in dentistry journals indexed in MedLine that contained an impact factor and that the first author had an ORCID profile were collected. In the 3,394 articles included in the analysis, the maintenance of the pattern existing before the pandemic (men publishing more than women) was observed, both according to the first author's career stage and the area. Considering only publications about COVID-19 compared to publications in the previous year, the proportion of men in first authorship increased by 67%. Therefore, we can conclude from this study that the discrepancy between genders was maintained (and even exacerbated) with COVID-19 in dental publications around the world. Study 3 was an observational study with the aim of evaluating whether COVID- 19 had an impact on the submissions of the three main dental journals according to the gender of the authors. For this, all articles submitted for publication in the three main dental journals in Brazil in the years 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. Of the 4778 submissions analyzed, there was a maintenance of the existing pattern before the pandemic (men submitting more articles) for last authorship and corresponding author. When considering the gender of the first author, this discrepancy between men and women was increased during the pandemic. Study 4 was a randomized controlled study with the aim of evaluating whether Brazilian dentistry researchers would favor a CVs identified as male students in a false post-doctoral selection. For this, all CNPQ scholarship holders of the year 2020 were invited to participate, as evaluators, in a postdoctoral selection. Researchers who agreed to participate were sent a curriculum randomized according to the student's gender and career stage, and researchers were asked to give grades from 0 to 10 in the following items: scientific contribution, leadership potential, ability to work in groups and international experience. For all categories evaluated, CVs from male students received higher grades, regardless of career stage. Evidencing the gender bias present in the academy. The book chapter entitled "Masculinidad hegemónica" aimed to discuss (and try to understand) the origin of machismo in society, its social manifestations (both in women and men), possible mutations over time and prognoses and alternatives for the future.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESO objetivo da presente tese foi avaliar o impacto do gênero na pesquisa biomédica por meio de três estudos observacionais, um estudo controlado randomizado e um capítulo de livro. O estudo 1 possuiu um delineamento transversal e teve o objetivo de avaliar se o padrão de escrita em resumos de submissões de financiamento das áreas biomédicas da FAPERGS diferia entre homens e mulheres. Também foram avaliadas a relação do estágio de carreira e do currículo do pesquisador com o sucesso da proposta. Para isso, foi utilizado um software de análise de linguagem (LIWC) em que as seguintes variáveis foram coletadas: Uso de palavras positivas, uso de palavras negativas, pensamento analítico, imposição, autenticidade e tom emocional. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas no padrão de escrita de acordo com o gênero dos pesquisadores, entretanto, aplicantes de propostas bem sucedidas tinham um número significativamente maior de artigos publicados. Concluindo-se que o viés de gênero nas propostas de financiamento parece ser um problema mais complexo que apenas o padrão de linguagem utilizado. O estudo 2, também de delineamento transversal, teve o objetivo de investigar se a pandemia por COVID-19 impactou de forma diferente as pesquisadoras de odontologia em comparação com os pesquisadores ao redor do mundo. Para isso, foram coletados todos os artigos publicados entre 30 de janeiro à 31 de julho de 2019 e do mesmo período de 2020 em periódicos de odontologia indexados no MedLine que contivessem um fator de impacto e que o primeiro autor possuísse um ORCID. Nos 3394 artigos incluídos na análise foi observada a manutenção do padrão existente antes da pandemia (homens publicando mais do que mulheres) tanto de acordo com o estágio de carreira do primeiro autor, como com a subárea. Considerando apenas publicações sobre a COVID-19 em comparação com as publicações do ano anterior, a proporção de homens na primeira autoria aumentou em 67%. Portanto, podemos concluir com esse estudo que a discrepância entre os gêneros foi mantida (e até exacerbada) com a COVID-19 nas publicações de odontologia ao redor do mundo. O estudo 3 foi um estudo observacional com o objetivo de avaliar se a COVID-19 impactou nas submissões das três principais revistas de odontologia do Brasil de acordo com o gênero dos autores. Para isso, foram analisados todos os artigos submetidos à publicação nos três principais periódicos de odontologia do Brasil nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Das 4778 submissões analisadas, se observou uma manutenção no padrão existente antes da pandemia (homens submetendo mais artigos) para última autoria e autor correspondente. Quando considerado o gênero do primeiro autor essa discrepância entre homens e mulheres foi aumentada durante a pandemia. O estudo 4 foi um estudo controlado randomizado com o objetivo de avaliar se pesquisadores de Odontologia do Brasil favoreceriam currículos identificados como de estudantes homens em uma falsa seleção de pós doutorado. Para isso, os bolsistas CNPQ do ano de 2020 de todo o Brasil foram convidados a participar, como avaliadores, de uma seleção de pós-doutorado. Para os pesquisadores que aceitaram participar foi enviado um currículo randomizado de acordo com o gênero e o estágio de carreira do estudante e foi solicitado aos pesquisadores para darem notas de 0 a 10 nos seguintes quesitos: contribuição científica, potencial de liderança, habilidade de trabalhar em grupos e experiência internacional. Para todas as categorias avaliadas, os currículos identificados como de alunos homens receberam notas mais altas, independente do estágio de carreira. Evidenciando o viés de gênero presente na academia. O capítulo de livro intitulado “Masculinidad hegemónica”, publicado no livro “Glosario de Patologias Sociales”, teve como objetivo discorrer (e tentar entender) sobre a origem do machismo na sociedade, as suas manifestações sociais (tanto nas mulheres como nos homens), possíveis mutações ao longo do tempo e prognósticos e alternativas para o futuro

Open Science - Ciência do Jeito Certo

Local onde ficarão disponíveis os materiais de apoio e slides das aulas da disciplina

Transparency in clinical trials: Adding value to paediatric dental research

Background Even though considered as studies with high methodological power, many RCTs in paediatric dentistry do not have essential quality items in their design, development, and report, making results’ reliability questionable, replication challenging to conduct, wasting time, money, and efforts, and even exposing the participants to research for no benefit. Aim We addressed the main topics related to transparency in clinical research, with an emphasis in paediatric dentistry. Design We searched for all controlled clinical trials published from January 2019 up to July 2020 in the three paediatric dentistry journals with high journal Impact Factor, indexed on Medline. These papers were assessed for transparency according to Open Science practices and regarding reporting accuracy using some items required by CONSORT. Results 53.6% of the studies declared registration, 75% had sample size calculation, 98.2% reported randomisation, and from those, 65.4% explained the randomisation method. Besides that, no study shared their data, and 6.8% were published in open access format. Conclusions Unfortunately, a large proportion of RCTs in paediatric dental research show a lack of transparency and reproducibility

Vitamin D Supplementation for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review

Objective: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is commonly attributed to displaced otoconia. These have been shown to have biomineralization close to that of bone, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with BPPV. We aim to systematically review the available literature on vitamin D supplementation and BPPV intensity and recurrence in adults. Databases Reviewed: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Current Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods: We systematically reviewed the available literature from 1947 to April 2020. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (trial registration: CRD42020183195). Results: A total of 179 abstracts were identified and screened by two independent reviewers. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were selected and subjected to a quality assessment. In one randomized clinical trial (RCT), vitamin D supplementation was found to reduce annual recurrence rate of vertigo in patient with BPPVand subnormal serum vitamin D levels compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.90). Non-RCTs demonstrated the possibility of a null effect in the random effects model (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–1.56). The RCT considered as low risk of bias. All of the nonrandomized studies were assessed as serious risk of bias. Conclusions: The intervention studies identified consistently demonstrated a decrease in BPPV recurrence with supplementation of vitamin D in patients with subnormal vitamin D levels. Although there is a paucity of high-quality studies, the present literature does highlight a role for optimization of vitamin D levels in patients with BPP

Research integrity practices: A Pre-Post Study with Brazilian Graduate Students

This study aims to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in increasing the adhesion and awareness of Master's and Ph.D. candidates at a Southern Brazilian University to research integrity and open science practices

Cross-disciplinary reproducibility scoping review

The objectives of this scoping review are to: 1. Synthesize the literature on reproducibility and describe its epidemiological characteristics, including how reproducibility is assessed. 2. To compare reproducibility estimates between different disciplines and examine predictors of reproducibility