21 research outputs found

    Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-like 9 (PCSK9) is a secreted glycoprotein that is transcriptionally regulated by cholesterol status. It modulates levels of circulating low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) by negatively regulating low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels. PCSK9 variants that result in 'gain of function' have been linked to autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, while significant protection from coronary artery disease has been documented in individuals who carry 'loss of function' PCSK9 variants. PCSK9 circulates in human plasma, and we previously reported that plasma PCSK9 is positively correlated with total cholesterol and LDLC in men.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Herein, we report the effects of two lipid-modulating therapies, namely statins and fibrates, on PCSK9 plasma levels in human subjects. We also document their effects on endogenous PCSK9 and LDLR expression in a human hepatocyte cell line, HepG2, using immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses. Changes in plasma PCSK9 following fenofibrate or gemfibrozil treatments (fibric acid derivatives) were inversely correlated with changes in LDLC levels (r = -0.558, p = 0.013). Atorvastatin administration (HMGCoA reductase inhibitor) significantly increased plasma PCSK9 (7.40%, p = 0.033) and these changes were inversely correlated with changes in LDLC levels (r = -0.393, p = 0.012). Immunoblot analyses of endogenous PCSK9 and LDLR expression by HepG2 cells in response to statins and fibrates showed that LDLR is more upregulated than PCSK9 by simvastatin (2.6× vs 1.5×, respectively at 10 ÎŒM), while fenofibrate did not induce changes in either.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that <it>in vivo </it>(1) statins directly increase PCSK9 expression while (2) fibrates affect PCSK9 expression indirectly through its modulation of cholesterol levels and (3) that these therapies could be improved by combination with a PCSK9 inhibitor, constituting a novel hypercholesterolemic therapy, since PCSK9 was significantly upregulated by both treatments.</p

    L'Exposition municipale de Beaux-Arts. I

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    Exposition municipale des beaux-arts. Critique mitigée de "Guerrier furieux". Hodler a des qualités remarquables mais il manque de pondération. Talent inégal

    A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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    Meeting abstrac

    Légiférer sur la contestation des génocides : débats et enjeux

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    Ce dernier numĂ©ro de la Revue armĂ©nienne des questions contemporaines, publiĂ© en dĂ©cembre 2012, est revenu sur les nombreux dĂ©bats et controverses suscitĂ©s par le vote de la loi dite Boyer du 23 janvier 2012, tendant Ă  pĂ©naliser la nĂ©gation des gĂ©nocides, et son invalidation par le Conseil constitutionnel, le 28 fĂ©vrier 2012. En France, ces controverses s'inscrivent dans un dĂ©bat plus ancien et plus profond sur la nature des liens entre la loi et l'histoire, ou mĂȘme plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement entre le politique et le passĂ©. Aussi comprendre les dĂ©bats et les enjeux actuels nĂ©cessite non seulement de prendre du recul, mais aussi de distinguer les diffĂ©rents aspects de ces enjeux: dans cette optique, ce dossier distingue le dĂ©bat des historiens, celui des juristes et les enjeux plus proprement politiques. Boris Adjemian retrace le dĂ©bat inachevĂ© des historiens français sur les "lois mĂ©morielles" en remontant au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000 et en interrogeant au passage la pertinence de ce concept apparu en pleine controverse. Mettant en Ă©vidence le lien entre l'histoire-mĂ©moire (par opposition Ă  une histoire-science ou une histoire-problĂšme) et l'actuel dĂ©bat sur les "lois mĂ©morielles", GĂ©rard Noiriel livre une rĂ©flexion Ă©largie sur les usages publics de l'histoire en France depuis l'affermissement du rĂ©gime rĂ©publicain au XIXe siĂšcle. Dans une seconde partie, SĂ©vane Garibian analyse les rapports entre droit, histoire et mĂ©moire sur le plan juridique, en mettant Ă  plat la question de l'impunitĂ© du nĂ©gationnisme dans une sociĂ©tĂ© dĂ©mocratique. Dans une troisiĂšme partie, Raymond KĂ©vorkian revient sur les enjeux diplomatiques et les rĂ©percussions internationales d'une loi pĂ©nalisant le dĂ©ni de gĂ©nocide en France, tandis que Jean-Pierre ChrĂ©tien, Ă©voquant le cas du gĂ©nocide de 1994 au Rwanda, plaide pour le droit Ă  la recherche sur les gĂ©nocides et sur les nĂ©gationnismes en soulignant les problĂšmes posĂ©s par l'absence d'un positionnement politique officiel et clair Ă  ce sujet en France. Enfin, dans une derniĂšre partie de ce dossier, nous avons demandĂ© Ă  Ahmet Insel et Michel Marian de poursuivre le dialogue qu'ils avaient entamĂ© en 2009, en Ă©voquant cette fois-ci les retombĂ©es du vote de la loi Boyer, et de son invalidation, pour le dialogue turco-armĂ©nien vu depuis la France et la Turquie

    Légiférer sur la contestation des génocides : débats et enjeux

    No full text
    Ce dernier numĂ©ro de la Revue armĂ©nienne des questions contemporaines, publiĂ© en dĂ©cembre 2012, est revenu sur les nombreux dĂ©bats et controverses suscitĂ©s par le vote de la loi dite Boyer du 23 janvier 2012, tendant Ă  pĂ©naliser la nĂ©gation des gĂ©nocides, et son invalidation par le Conseil constitutionnel, le 28 fĂ©vrier 2012. En France, ces controverses s'inscrivent dans un dĂ©bat plus ancien et plus profond sur la nature des liens entre la loi et l'histoire, ou mĂȘme plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement entre le politique et le passĂ©. Aussi comprendre les dĂ©bats et les enjeux actuels nĂ©cessite non seulement de prendre du recul, mais aussi de distinguer les diffĂ©rents aspects de ces enjeux: dans cette optique, ce dossier distingue le dĂ©bat des historiens, celui des juristes et les enjeux plus proprement politiques. Boris Adjemian retrace le dĂ©bat inachevĂ© des historiens français sur les "lois mĂ©morielles" en remontant au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000 et en interrogeant au passage la pertinence de ce concept apparu en pleine controverse. Mettant en Ă©vidence le lien entre l'histoire-mĂ©moire (par opposition Ă  une histoire-science ou une histoire-problĂšme) et l'actuel dĂ©bat sur les "lois mĂ©morielles", GĂ©rard Noiriel livre une rĂ©flexion Ă©largie sur les usages publics de l'histoire en France depuis l'affermissement du rĂ©gime rĂ©publicain au XIXe siĂšcle. Dans une seconde partie, SĂ©vane Garibian analyse les rapports entre droit, histoire et mĂ©moire sur le plan juridique, en mettant Ă  plat la question de l'impunitĂ© du nĂ©gationnisme dans une sociĂ©tĂ© dĂ©mocratique. Dans une troisiĂšme partie, Raymond KĂ©vorkian revient sur les enjeux diplomatiques et les rĂ©percussions internationales d'une loi pĂ©nalisant le dĂ©ni de gĂ©nocide en France, tandis que Jean-Pierre ChrĂ©tien, Ă©voquant le cas du gĂ©nocide de 1994 au Rwanda, plaide pour le droit Ă  la recherche sur les gĂ©nocides et sur les nĂ©gationnismes en soulignant les problĂšmes posĂ©s par l'absence d'un positionnement politique officiel et clair Ă  ce sujet en France. Enfin, dans une derniĂšre partie de ce dossier, nous avons demandĂ© Ă  Ahmet Insel et Michel Marian de poursuivre le dialogue qu'ils avaient entamĂ© en 2009, en Ă©voquant cette fois-ci les retombĂ©es du vote de la loi Boyer, et de son invalidation, pour le dialogue turco-armĂ©nien vu depuis la France et la Turquie

    Differential effects of PCSK9 loss of function variants on serum lipid and PCSK9 levels in Caucasian and African Canadian populations

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    Variants of the secreted glycoprotein, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), associate with both hypo- and hyper-cholesterolemic phenotypes. Herein, we carried out full exonic sequencing of PCSK9 documenting the frequency of single and multiple PCSK9 variations and their effects on serum lipoprotein and PCSK9 levels in Caucasian Canadians.Methods: The 12 exons of PCSK9 were sequenced in 207 unrelated Caucasian Canadians. Minor allele frequencies of PCSK9 variants were compared amongst LDL cholesterol (LDLC) quintiles. Serum PCSK9 levels were measured by ELISA and lipoproteins by enzymatic methods. Comparisons were made with a Caucasian family cohort (n = 51) and first generation African Canadians (n = 31). Results: In Caucasians, but not African Canadians, the c.61_63insCTG (denoted L10Ins) and A53V PCSK9 variations were linked and their frequency was significantly higher among Caucasian Canadians with LDLC levels in the <25th percentile. In both the unrelated and family Caucasian cohorts those carrying the L10A53V PCSK9 variant had significantly lower LDLC without reduction in plasma PCSK9. The I474V PCSK9 variant associated with significantly lower serum PCSK9 and LDLC. A novel PCSK9 variant was identified; E206K. We found that the frequency of multiple PCSK9 variations was higher in first generation African Canadians. Conclusions: We showed that the L10A53V and I474V PCSK9 variants were significantly associated with lower LDLC levels in Caucasian Canadians but differed in their effect on serum PCSK9 concentrations, illuminating differences in their mechanism of inaction and indicating that that PCSK9 measurement alone may not always be a good indicator of PCSK9 function. Full exonic sequencing of PCSK9 pointed to factors that may contribute to L10Ins PCSK9 variant loss of function in Canadians of Caucasian but not those of African descent. These included; (1) its tight linkage with the A53V variant in Caucasians and/or (2) for both the L10 and I474V, the combined (and negating) effect of multiple, differing phenotypic PCSK9 variants within individuals of African ancestry for which combinations of PCSK9 variations and their overall frequency was higher. No population studies, to our knowledge, have addressed or accessed the effect of multiple PCSK9 variants on cholesterol profiles. Our results indicate that this should be considered

    Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans-0

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    Ds. Pre-treatment levels were set as 100%.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans"</p><p>http://www.lipidworld.com/content/7/1/22</p><p>Lipids in Health and Disease 2008;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 11 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2432057.</p><p></p

    Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans-4

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    Ds. Pre-treatment levels were set as 100%.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans"</p><p>http://www.lipidworld.com/content/7/1/22</p><p>Lipids in Health and Disease 2008;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 11 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2432057.</p><p></p

    Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3) Channels Are Required for Hypothalamic Glucose Detection and Energy Homeostasis

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    International audienceThe mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) contains neurons capable of directly detecting metabolic signals such as glucose to control energy homeostasis. Among them, glucose-excited (GE) neurons increase their electrical activity when glucose rises. In view of previous work, we hypothesized that transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels are involved in hypothalamic glucose detection and the control of energy homeostasis. To investigate the role of TRPC3, we used constitutive and conditional TRPC3-deficient mouse models. Hypothalamic glucose detection was studied in vivo by measuring food intake and insulin secretion in response to increased brain glucose level. The role of TRPC3 in GE neuron response to glucose was studied by using in vitro calcium imaging on freshly dissociated MBH neurons. We found that whole body and MBH TRPC3-deficient mice have increased body weight and food intake. The anorectic effect of intracerebroventricular glucose and the insulin secretory response to intracarotid glucose injection are blunted in TRPC3-deficient mice. TRPC3 loss of function or pharmacological inhibition blunts calcium responses to glucose in MBH neurons in vitro. Together, the results demonstrate that TRPC3 channels are required for the response to glucose of MBH GE neurons and the central effect of glucose on insulin secretion and food intake
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