Morphological Variability of Larval Mouthparts of the Marsh Frog Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) (Anura, Ranidae) in Natural Populations of Southeastern Kazakhstan

This report presents the results of the analysis of the morphological variability of the larval mouthparts of the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus from various natural populations in Southeastern Kazakhsta

The optimality of the option of abolishing serfdom in Russia, implemented in 1861

The article discusses the controversial issues related to the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861: its causes, features of preparation and implementation. The authors focus on the question of whether the implemented version of the abolition of serfdom in Russia was optimal. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the abolition of serfdom in Russia is carried out with similar reforms in European countries, which could serve as a reference point, primarily in Austria and Prussia. It is concluded that the peasant reform in Russia in 1861 (in the final version) was carried out primarily in the interests of the state and not of individual social groups (landowners and peasants). It is the state that has benefited most from the implementation of this particular version of the reform, both financially and politically. Among the losers there were both peasants (to a greater extent) and landowners (to a lesser extent). The main thing was that the reform provoked the problem of the lack of land of the majority of peasants, which in the future became one of the main reasons for the social explosion and revolutions at the beginning of the XX century

MICROORGANISMS OF RHODOCOCCUS GENUS – PROMISING DEGRADERS OF OILS AND FATS

Disposal of lipid pollutants in wastewaters is currently one of relevant (priority) ecological challenges. This paper presents results of studies on degrading activity of strains Rhodococcus ruber 2B and Rhodococcus sp. р1-3фн and their po­tential applications for decontamination of effluents polluted with fats and oils

Lipid Peroxidation in the Pre-Reactive Period of Cold Injury

Pathological processes in the pre-reactive period of cold injury have not been studied.The purpose of this study is to assess the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in the body of patients in the pre-reactive period of cold injury.Material and methods. We examined patients with cold injury in the pre-reactive period. Determined: diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, the total content of low molecular weight antioxidants, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase,glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, using a SPECORD 40 spectrophotometer. The serum biochemical parameters in the serum were determined by biochemical automator analysis. Statistical processing of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.Results and discussion. Features of the biochemical profile of blood in the pre-reactive period of cold injury in the human body are an increase in concentration of glucose and triacylglycerides in blood, an increase in transaminase activity, as aresult of inflammatory and destructive processes, a decrease in the cholesterol concentration in the blood of patients. At the same time, the pre-reactive period of cold injury is characterized by an increase in monocytes compared with the control, which, in combination with hypoxia, leads to an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. In addition, the antioxidant protection in the pre-reactive period in the body of patients increased slightly.Conclusion. According to the results of our research, already at the stage of the pre-reactive period of cold injury there is a significant intensification of free radical lipid oxidation processes

Роль альфа-2-макроглобулина в патогенезе ревматоидного артрита и системной красной волчанки

We investigated serum levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2—MG) and some of its complexes, namely α2-MG-plasmin (α2-MG— Pl) and α2-MG—IgG at a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 2—3 degrees of activity (65 patients), a system lupus erythematosus (SLE) of 2-3 degrees of activity (30 patients) and 55 healthy donors as a control group. It is shown, that at SLE the total level of α2-MG is invariable, and at RA — decreases significantly in comparison with the healthy. The concentration of complexes was raised at pathology, but at RA this rising was expressed much more strongly, than at SLE. At studying of correlations of levels of α2-MG, α2-MG—Pl and α2-MG— IgG among themselves and with some several cytokines and acute phase proteins, it is shown, that there is some significant difference between normal and pathological correlative relations and allows us to suspect that at SLE, the α2-MG and its complexes participate in a pathogenesis, and at RA α2-MG becomes the major immunogenesis factor and the significant reason of disease progression.Исследовали сывороточные уровни альфа-2-макроглобулина (МГ) и его комплексов с плазмином (ПЛ—МГ) и IgG (МГ— IgG) при ревматоидном артрите (РА) II—III степени активности (65 человек), системной красной волчанке (СКВ) II—III степени активности (30 человек) и у 55 здоровых доноров. Установлен неизменный уровень МГ при СКВ и сниженный при РА в сравнении со здоровыми лицами. Выявлено повышенное содержание иммунокомплексов (МГ—IgG) при СКВ и максимальное при РА. Изучение коррелятивных взаимосвязей между концентрациями МГ, его комплексов и содержанием ряда цитокинов и острофазовых белков выявило ряд различий между нормой и патологией и позволило предположить, что МГ и его комплексы активно участвуют в развитии коллагенозов и принадлежат к ряду основных иммуногенных факторов и причин прогрессии РА

Woman as a Company Head

The female manager is a worldwide phenomenon in the development of private entrepreneurship. The American researchers R. Peterson and K. Weirmair have called this phenomenon a "quiet revolution on a world scale.">sup>1>/sup> The intensity with which the "wave" of female entrepreneurship is spreading across the world, testifying to the opportunities for women to create their own businesses, raises the question of their contribution to the world economy.

The mitochondrial phylogeography and intraspecific taxonomy of the Steppe Racerunner, Eremias arguta (Pallas) (Lacertidae: Sauria, Reptilia), reflects biogeographic patterns in Middle Asia

Poyarkov Jr, Nikolay A., Orlova, Valentina F., Chirikova, Marina A. (2014): The mitochondrial phylogeography and intraspecific taxonomy of the Steppe Racerunner, Eremias arguta (Pallas) (Lacertidae: Sauria, Reptilia), reflects biogeographic patterns in Middle Asia. Zootaxa 3895 (2): 208-224, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Kyrghyz racerunner (Eremias nikolskii Bedriaga, 1905) from Kyrgyzstan

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Kyrghyz racerunner (Eremias nikoskii Bedriaga, 1905) from Kyrgyzstan was determined for the first time by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome was 20,840 bp in length and comprised the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The 13 concatenated PCGs were used to implement Bayesian phylogenetic analyses together with some congeners and three representative lacertids retrieved from GenBank. The monophyly of both Eremias and its viviparous group was recovered in the Bayesian phylogenetic tree, while the subgenus Pareremias was paraphyletic with respect to E. nikoskii. The mitogenome of E. nikoskii will faciliate the research on species delimitation, molecular evolution, and phylogenetic inference in the racerunner lizards