Role of Sociodemographic Variables and the Mother’s Active Behavior on Active Commuting to School in Children and Adolescents

This study was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund. Additionally, this study took place thanks to funding from University ofGranada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016-Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)-and Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades, and European Regional Development Fund (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR). Additionally, this work was supported by Ministry of Education of Chile CONICYT PAI-MEC programme 2015 (MEC 80150030) and the Postdoctoral programme Becas Chile 2019 from Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID).The main objective of the current study was to analyze how parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, mode of commuting and physical activity (PA) act as indicators of active commuting to school (ACS) in their children and adolescents. A total of 684 paired parents (52.8% mothers) and their respective offspring (33.7% girls) were included. The participants self-reported their sociodemographic characteristics, mode of commuting, and PA. Logistic regression analyses were performed using a stepwise approach, including, as indicators, parental characteristics, mode of commuting and PA. The main outcome was child and adolescent ACS. The odds ratio (OR) and R2 of Nagelkerke were obtained for each step. Parental sociodemographic characteristics were greater indicators of child ACS than the parental mode of commuting and PA. In children, the greatest predictive variables of ACS explained 38% of the variance and were as follows: car availability (OR = 0.24), father’s educational level (OR = 0.47), mother’s educational level (OR = 1.95), mother’s active commuting to work (OR = 4.52) and mother’s salary/month (OR = 0.67). In adolescents, the greatest predictive variables of ACS explained 40%of the variance and were as follows: socioeconomic level (OR=0.43) and father’s active commuting (OR = 10.6). In conclusion, sociodemographic factors are better indicators of ACS than parents’ physical activity and active commuting to work.Spanish GovernmentEuropean CommissionUniversity of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016-Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de Andalucia Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y UniversidadesEuropean Commission SOMM17/6107/UGRMinistry of Education of Chile CONICYT PAI-MEC programme 2015 MEC 80150030Postdoctoral programme Becas Chile 2019 from Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID

Klimageographische Inhalte des Geographieunterrichts erfahrungsbasiert verstehen : eine didaktische Rekonstruktion der Passatzirkulation

[no abstract

Mapping of Genetic Abnormalities of Primary Tumours from Metastatic CRC by High-Resolution SNP Arrays

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.[Background]: For years, the genetics of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have been studied using a variety of techniques. However, most of the approaches employed so far have a relatively limited resolution which hampers detailed characterization of the common recurrent chromosomal breakpoints as well as the identification of small regions carrying genetic changes and the genes involved in them. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: Here we applied 500K SNP arrays to map the most common chromosomal lesions present at diagnosis in a series of 23 primary tumours from sporadic CRC patients who had developed liver metastasis. Overall our results confirm that the genetic profile of metastatic CRC is defined by imbalanced gains of chromosomes 7, 8q, 11q, 13q, 20q and X together with losses of the 1p, 8p, 17p and 18q chromosome regions. In addition, SNP-array studies allowed the identification of small (1.5 Mb) altered DNA sequences, many of which contain cancer genes known to be involved in CRC and the metastatic process. Detailed characterization of the breakpoint regions for the altered chromosomes showed four recurrent breakpoints at chromosomes 1p12, 8p12, 17p11.2 and 20p12.1; interestingly, the most frequently observed recurrent chromosomal breakpoint was localized at 17p11.2 and systematically targeted the FAM27L gene, whose role in CRC deserves further investigations. [Conclusions/Significance]: In summary, in the present study we provide a detailed map of the genetic abnormalities of primary tumours from metastatic CRC patients, which confirm and extend on previous observations as regards the identification of genes potentially involved in development of CRC and the metastatic process.This work has been partially supported by grants from the Consejeria de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Spain (SAN191/SA09/06 and SAN673/SA39/08), Fundacion Memoria de Don Samuel Solorzano Barruso, Salamanca, Spain, Caja de Burgos (Obra Social), Burgos, Spain, Grupo Excelencia de Castilla y Leon (GR37) and the RTICC from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Madrid, Spain (RD06/0020/0035-FEDER). JM Sayagués, M Gonzalez, ME Sarasquete and MC Chillon are supported by grants (CP05/00321, FI08/00721, CA08/00212 and CA/07/00077, respectively) from the ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Madrid, Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

The improvement of the best practice guidelines for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis : toward an international consensus

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for single gene disorders, giving couples the opportunity to conceive unaffected children without having to consider termination of pregnancy. However, there are no available standardized protocols, so that each center has to develop its own diagnostic strategies and procedures. Furthermore, reproductive decisions are complicated by the diversity of disease-causing variants in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene and the complexity of correlations between genotypes and associated phenotypes, so that attitudes and practices toward the risks for future offspring can vary greatly between countries. On behalf of the EuroGentest Network, eighteen experts in PGD and/or molecular diagnosis of CF from seven countries attended a workshop held in Montpellier, France, on 14 December 2011. Building on the best practice guidelines for amplification-based PGD established by ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology), the goal of this meeting was to formulate specific guidelines for CF-PGD in order to contribute to a better harmonization of practices across Europe. Different topics were covered including variant nomenclature, inclusion criteria, genetic counseling, PGD strategy and reporting of results. The recommendations are summarized here, and updated information on the clinical significance of CFTR variants and associated phenotypes is presented

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE WORSENS ISCHEMIC STROKE SIZE AND ALTERS NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN MICE

International audienc

New results in the characterization by Raman spectroscopy of yellow pigments used in ceramic artworks of the 16th and 17th centuries

This investigation is focused on the identification in ceramic artworks of certain nonstandard yellow/orange pigments whose composition is based, fundamentally, on lead, tin, and antimony oxides with or without silica. In this work, a comparative study (temporal and geographical) of the employment of these yellow pigments in different production centers, from Italy (Pesaro and Montelupo) and Spain (Talavera de la Reina), during the Renaissance and Baroque epochs has been proposed. For this purpose, special very ancient yellow pigments were acquired from the Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro, Murano-Venezia (Italy). These reference pigments have been produced following strict and rigorous manufacturing recipes corresponding to Venezian fabrication processes for the 16th and 17th centuries. On the other hand, the portable characteristic of a new optical fiber Raman system has allowed us the access into the Museo de Cerámica de Barcelona in order to investigate the composition of the yellow and orange colors of an important ceramic collection belonging to this museum. The results are in good agreement with the ones obtained by other authors who have investigated the same topic. It is notable, first, the excellent performances that this portable Raman system offers in the direct and non-invasive analysis of ceramic artworks and, second, the coincidences of the molecular results among these yellow pigments. This fact confirms that these pigments were commonly used either in Italian and Spanish ceramic objects during both Renaissance and Baroque epochsPeer Reviewe

The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Disorders

Individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders and dementia. Stroke is also highly prevalent in this population and is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration, in-hospital mortality, and poor functional outcomes. Evidence from in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments suggests that accumulation of uremic toxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke and amplify vascular damage, leading to cognitive disorders and dementia. This review summarizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which uremic toxins may favour the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases and neurological complications in CKD

New results in the characterization by Raman spectroscopy of yellow pigments used in ceramic artworks of the 16th and 17th centuries

This investigation is focused on the identification in ceramic artworks of certain nonstandard yellow/orange pigments whose composition is based, fundamentally, on lead, tin, and antimony oxides with or without silica. In this work, a comparative study (temporal and geographical) of the employment of these yellow pigments in different production centers, from Italy (Pesaro and Montelupo) and Spain (Talavera de la Reina), during the Renaissance and Baroque epochs has been proposed. For this purpose, special very ancient yellow pigments were acquired from the Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro, Murano-Venezia (Italy). These reference pigments have been produced following strict and rigorous manufacturing recipes corresponding to Venezian fabrication processes for the 16th and 17th centuries. On the other hand, the portable characteristic of a new optical fiber Raman system has allowed us the access into the Museo de Cerámica de Barcelona in order to investigate the composition of the yellow and orange colors of an important ceramic collection belonging to this museum. The results are in good agreement with the ones obtained by other authors who have investigated the same topic. It is notable, first, the excellent performances that this portable Raman system offers in the direct and non-invasive analysis of ceramic artworks and, second, the coincidences of the molecular results among these yellow pigments. This fact confirms that these pigments were commonly used either in Italian and Spanish ceramic objects during both Renaissance and Baroque epochsPeer Reviewe

Cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke severity in female mice with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Ischemic stroke is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and has been associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration and in-hospital mortality. To date, little is known about the processes by which CKD worsens ischemic stroke. This work aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism associated with ischemic stroke severity in an in vivo model of CKD. CKD was induced through right kidney cortical electrocautery in 8-week-old female C57BL/6 J mice followed by left total nephrectomy. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed 6 weeks after left nephrectomy. Twenty-four hours after tMCAO, the infarct volumes were significantly wider in CKD than in SHAM mice. CKD mice displayed decreased neuroscore, impaired ability to remain on rotarod device, weaker muscular strength and decreased prehensile score. Apoptosis, neuronal loss, glial cells recruitment and microglia/macrophages M1 signature genes CD32, CD86, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1 and iNOS were significantly increased within ischemic lesions of CKD mice. This effect was associated with decreased AMP kinase phosphorylation and increased activation of the NFΚB pathway. Pharmacological targeting of AMP kinase activity, which is known to block microglia/macrophages M1 polarization, appears promising to improve stroke recovery in CKD