103 research outputs found

    The Case for Working with Feminist New Materialisms against the Dualisms that Divide Us

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    This paper provides a theoretical overview of dualisms which lie at the foundation of Western thought in an attempt to highlight the fundamental contribution that feminist new materialisms bring to sociological theory and practice and beyond. To delineate the oppressive patterns of thought generated by anthropocentric dualistic thinking, I will draw on the influential works of ecofeminist Val Plumwood, science studies scholar and feminist Donna Haraway, and feminist theorist Karen Barad within the material turn. The exploration begins with an analysis of the Cartesian subject-object dichotomy rejected by post-humanists and new materialists, a dichotomy which spawns many others, and continues with a mapping of the crisis of reason that Western thought is confronting. The crisis of reason is held in place by human attachment to binary conceptual pairs which serve to naturalize systems of domination. The materializing effects of this crisis include the marginalization, oppression, and exploitation of bodies human and nonhuman, justified through the uneven valorization of mind/spirit/masculine/culture over matter/body/feminine/nature, shaping the hazard-ridden epoch that we now call the Anthropocene. In this context, I then provide a brief outline of the material turn’s proposal for situated, embodied knowledges, which entails a consistent non-dualist philosophy, and its urgent relevance in the contemporary global context. Notions of responsibility (defined as the capacity for response), the nature of the epistemic subject and the generation of knowledges, embodiment, boundaries, and positioning, as well as the very mechanisms we use to conceptualize the world, are being reconfigured within the material turn. Across disciplines, scholars are proposing new frameworks that encourage non-typological, engaged, accountable positioning within the world on the part of the human subject. Finally, a parallel is drawn with the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose insights complement the epistemological work of feminist new materialisms and their call for situated, embodied knowledges, thus providing a fertile ground for exploration in the areas of exclusion between the disciplines of sociology and philosophy. The aim of this paper is to offer new avenues for critical interdisciplinary thinking meant to re-assess and reconfigure the underlying assumptions of Western systems of thought

    Artificial Life in Horacio Quiroga. Commercial Advertisements, Cinema, and the Prompted Suspension of Disbelief

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    The fictional works of the Uruguayan-Argentinian writer Horacio Quiroga allow for a case study on how media shape the image of artificial life. While “El hombre artificial”, one of his early novellas, follows a nineteenth-century scheme of electromagnetic transmission of consciousness, later texts choose “N-rays” (“El vampiro”) or cinematographic projection (“El espectro”) as grounds for spectral life. This is not, however, the only difference between his early and later fiction. On the one hand, the models of literary invention follow the history of technology and the author’s own passion for science and cinema; on the other hand, they can be related to forms of publication, such as the serialized novellas of the illustrated magazine, and the way illustrations and commercial advertisements pervade literary creation. The approach to artificial life in Quiroga’s work sheds light on his own constitution as an author: behind the making of the artificial being stands the making of the artist

    Immersive Media in Quiroga, Borges, and Cortázar: What Allegories Tell about Transportation Experience

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    In the short stories of Horacio Quiroga, Jorge Luis Borges and Julio Cortázar, immersive media are frequently staged as allegories of immersion. They are as-sociated with a specific type of plot which is about the access to diegetic worlds or exit from them, and which provides more information about historical contracts on fiction than do the frozen metaphors of being “lost in a text”. Media frames that are represented as fictional frames come with a variety of functions, including not only re-centring, but also disorientation (Quiroga); they refer to existing discourse rather than to existing technology and raise the question how experience can be narrated (Borges); and they tend to cross the line between allegoric representation and intermedial enactment of immersion (Cortázar). The methodological conclusion from this corpus would be to reconsider what fiction says about immersive media. As this would help understand how fictional frames change throughout history, it would also allow discussion of the cultural horizons of interview-based studies on immersive experience

    El texto como máquina: matices de una alegoría

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    The metaphor that links texts and machines has become a complex and differentiated allegory in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. As an introduction to the dossier on literature and technology, the following article traces the various traditions, elements, and functions of this allegory in modern poetics, and more specifically in Spanish and Hispano-american literature.La metáfora que relaciona textos y máquinas se ha convertido en una alegoría compleja y diferenciada en los siglos xx y xxi. A modo de introducción al dossier sobre la literatura y la tecnología, el siguiente artículo traza las diferentes tradiciones, elementos y funciones de la alegoría del “texto como máquina” en la poética moderna, y más concretamente en la literatura española e hispanoamericana

    Interaction between graphene and SiO2 surface

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    With first-principles DFT calculations, the interaction between graphene and SiO2 surface has been analyzed by constructing the different configurations based on {\alpha}-quartz and cristobalite structures. The single layer graphene can stay stably on SiO2 surface is explained based on the general consideration of configuration structures of SiO2 surface. It is also found that the oxygen defect in SiO2 surface can shift the Fermi level of graphene down which opens out the mechanism of hole-doping effect of graphene absorbed on SiO2 surface observed in experiments.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

    Roma o Cartago : Itinerarios renacentistas por ciudades derrotadas

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    El presente trabajo hace un recorrido por las imágenes de ruina, derrota y destrucción en la poesía de Garcilaso, la recepción del modelo italiano y las proyecciones en la percepción renacentista del Siglo de Oro español.The present work goes through the images of ruin, defeat and destruction in Garcilaso de la Vega's poetry, the reception of the Italian model, and the projections in the Renaissance perception of Spanish Golden Age.Centro de Estudios de Teoría y Crítica Literari

    Soledad y Exilio en María Zambrano

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    A reading of some of María Zambrano's texts written in Spain and in exile reveals a way of thinking about solitude through a series of oxymoronic formulations, from "communicable isolation" to "prophetic solitude". The paradox of the loneliness that is necessary to communicate truth can be read as a theory of literary reception or as a re ection on the social limits of authorship. The two dimensions can be contrasted with earlier and contemporary visions of solitude to highlight Zambrano's own ideas: the attention to the other and the transcendental care that differentiate her from egocentric eulogies or sociological analyses of solitude. The experience of exile is interpreted on the basis of these ideas, not from the author's own biography, but as a tragic exacerbation of this paradox of solitude.A través de una lectura de algunos textos de María Zambrano escritos en España y en el exilio se perfila un pensamiento de la soledad por una serie de formulaciones antitéticas, desde el "aislamiento comunicable" hasta la "soledad profética". La paradoja de la incomunicación necesaria para comunicar la verdad puede ser leída como una teoría de la recepción literaria o como una reflexión sobre los límites sociales de la autoría. Las dos dimensiones se pueden contrastar con visiones de la soledad anteriores y contemporáneas, para poner de relieve lo propio de Zambrano: la atención al otro y el cuidado transcendental que la diferencian de los elogios egocentricos o los análisis sociológicos de la soledad. La experiencia del exilio es interpretada a partir de este pensamiento, no desde la propia biografía de la autora, sino como exacerbación trágica de esta paradoja de la soledad

    ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE EXPLOATATION IN SOUTH OF ROMANIA

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    Abstract Biodiversity, as variation of life form o

    Introductions to Narratology: Theory, Practice and the Afterlife of Structuralism

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    This survey seeks to describe the main characteristics, as well as diversity, of extant introductions to narratology: the fact that most of them contain original contributions to scholarship, their special relationship to “soft” structuralism, the shift from “classical” to “postclassical” theory, and the changes that have af-fected academic teaching in the last decade, leading to further differentiation within academia. While some introductions target the student who has to do casual work on narratology, others lead to the heart of disciplinary scholarship, and a third group engages in meta-theoretical discussion that is as interesting for experts as it is for beginners. With its capacity to adapt to various audiences and to an ever more differentiated field of study, the introduction has become an important genre in narratological scholarship

    La promesa de felicidad en Proust y Miró

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    The works of Marcel Proust and Gabriel Miro have often been compared. The two contemporary authors share aesthetic ideals that are grounded in their common readings of Nineteenth-Century classics. Among those, Stendhal deserves particular attention. His statement about beauty being a «promise of happiness» that changes with the type of happiness expected in different times and places, appears in several parts of À la recherche du temps perdu and El obispo leproso. The narrative use of the aphorism on aesthetics adds new contexts to it: while Proust interprets it in the light of impressionism and under the shadow of moralist anthropology, Miró contrasts the «promise of happiness» with the Christian promise of salvation.A menudo se han comparado las obras de Marcel Proust y de Gabriel Miró. Las afinidades estéticas de los dos autores contemporáneos se pueden entender a partir de sus modelos comunes decimonónicos. Entre ellos, Stendhal ocupa un lugar especial. Su sentencia sobre la belleza como una «promesa de felicidad» que cambia según el tipo de felicidad esperado en diferentes épocas y lugares, aparece en varios pasajes de À la recherche du temps perdu y de El obispo leproso. El uso narrativo del aforismo estético le añade nuevos contextos: mientras que Proust lo interpreta a la luz del impresionismo y a la sombra de la antropología moralista, Miró contrasta la «promesa de felicidad» con la promesa de salvación cristiana
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