God, self, humanity, Earth: Christian ecological ethics in local contexts

The complex issues of environmental justice require a contextualized approach, analyzing the intricacy of global ecological issues and studying local communities in which ecological issues are entangled with other concerns, such as ensuring economic survival and protecting the viability of local communities. Such contextual analysis is needed to guide Christians in making ethical decisions. This dissertation utilizes an ethnographic case study of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in two local communities in Northeastern Pennsylvania to describe and analyze the global and local tensions created by the social, economic, and environmental effects of these practices. The description and analysis of the case study contributes to the development of a contextual Christian ecological ethical framework that is forged at the intersection of lived experience and Christian theological ethical principles and practices. Lutheran and ecofeminist theological perspectives provide a framework for a contextualized Christian ethic that identifies and negotiates through the economic and ecological tensions present for individuals and communities facing ecological injustice, resulting in the development of ethical principles that enable practical action in establishing justice within communities. By reshaping the dialectical method found in Martin Luther’s theology, feminist intersectional theory, and middle-axiom ethical approaches, this dissertation argues that a contextualized ethical framework can be employed in local situations of ecological injustice for a more realistic and potentially transformative outcome. Specifically, I engage the coram relational model found in Luther’s writing, as described by Gerhard Ebeling and interpreted by Lutheran feminist theologian Caryn D. Riswold. My theological ethical approach is to engage people in dialectical reflection on their relationships with God, themselves as individuals, humanity, and the Earth. Through investigating these relationships, individuals come to understand the self as a complex manifestation of identities that influence the ethical decision-making process. Based on the self-knowledge gained in these reflections, community members can participate in dialogue to develop ethical principles in the form of middle axioms that can guide their community as a whole toward practical action. The case study analysis reveals how dialectical reflection and the development of middle axioms build upon each other, enabling practical ethical action in communities facing ecological and economic injustice

PRARANCANGAN PABRIK BIOETANOL DARI UBI KAYU MENGGUNAKAN SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF) PROCESS DENGAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 100.000 TON/TAHUN

ABSTRAKPrarancangan pabrik Bioetanol ini menggunakan Ubi Kayu sebagai bahan baku. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Bioetanol ini adalah 100.000 Ton/Tahun dengan hari kerja 330 hari/tahun. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan menggunakan metode struktur garis dan staf. Total kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk menjalankan perusahaan ini berjumlah 200 orang. Lokasi pabrik direncanakan di Gampong Alue Tho, Kecamatan Seunagan, Kabupaten Nagan Raya, Aceh, dengan luas tanah 50.486 m2. Sumber air pabrik Bioetanol ini berasal dari Sungai Seunagan, Kabupaten Nagan Raya, Provinsi Aceh dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) dan Generator dengan daya 6.297,3 kW.Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut :1. Fixed Capital Investment = Rp. 372.123.257.7792. Working Capital Investment = Rp. 93.030.814.4453. Total Capital Investment = Rp. 465.154.072.2234. Total Biaya Produksi = Rp. 1.181.960.358.5605. Hasil Penjualan = Rp. 1.330.798.479.6876. Laba bersih = Rp. 82.961.882.0877. Pay Out Time (POT) = 3 tahun 8 bulan8. Break Event Point (BEP) = 45,08%9. Rate Of Return (ROR) = 17,84%10. Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) = 27,01%v

PENGARUH REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT BATARA INDAH

Chicka Husnul Hafifah, 1709617021, Pengaruh Reward dan Punishment Terhadap Disiplin Kerja. Skripsi, Jakarta: Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terdapat pengaruh antara reward dan punishment terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan PT Batara Indah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 292 karyawan dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 169 karyawan. Teknik pemilihan responden menggunakan proportional random sampling, yaitu menggunakan metode acak proporsional. Pengelolaaan data, peneliti mengolah kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert. Variabel Disiplin Kerja (Y), Reward (X1), dan Punishment (X2) merupakan data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pengukuran pertama dari model luar yang terdiri dari keandalan individu dengan hasil yang lebih besardari 0,7 (> 0,7). Membangun reliabilitas dengan hasil lebih besar dari 0,7 (> 0,7). Keandalan komposit nilainya lebih besar dari 0,6 (> 0,6). Nilai AVE lebih besar dari 0,5 (>0,5). Pengukuran kedua outer model terdiri dari r2 dengan nilai 0,523. Kemudian, f kuadrat Reward (X1)dengan nilai 0,255, dan Punishmnet (X2) dengan nilai 0,244. Sedangkan VIF nilainya lebih kecil dari (<10) sehingga tidak terjadi masalah multikolinearitas. Reward (X1) sebesar 1,707 dan t statistik sebesar 2,187 > 1,46 dengan p-value 0,029 < 0,05. Punishment (X2) sebesar 1,707 dan t statistik yaitu 2,004 > 1,46 dengan p-value 0,018. Kata Kunci : Reward, Punishment, dan Disiplin Kerja

PROSPECT OF INDONESIA BLACK AND WHITE PEPPERS EXPORT

Abstract This study analyzes the behavior of pepper exports, consisting of black pepper and white pepper, to various destination countries. The results of this study showed that black pepper exports affected by the destination country's gross domestic product (GDP), the price of white pepper, the population of the country of destination and the exchange rate against the dollar. Meanwhile, white pepper exports affected by the destination country's GDP, the population of the country of destination, the price of black pepper, white pepper prices and the exchange rate against the dollar. The results also showed that black pepper and white pepper are not mutually substituted. Keywords: pepper, exports, GDP, population, exchange rate JEL Classificaiton Numbers: F14, F19 Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis perilaku ekspor lada, terdiri dari lada hitam dan lada putih, ke berbagai negara tujuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspor lada hitam dipengaruhi oleh Pendapatan domestik bruto (PDB) negara tujuan, harga lada putih, populasi negara tujuan dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar. Sementara itu, ekspor lada putih dipengaruhi oleh PDB negara tujuan, populasi negara tujuan, harga lada hitam, harga lada putih dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa lada hitam dan lada putih tidak saling bersubstitusi. Keywords: Lada, ekspor, PDB, populasi, kurs JEL Classificaiton Numbers: F14, F1

PROSPECT OF INDONESIA BLACK AND WHITE PEPPERS EXPORT

Abstract This study analyzes the behavior of pepper exports, consisting of black pepper and white pepper, to various destination countries. The results of this study showed that black pepper exports affected by the destination country's gross domestic product (GDP), the price of white pepper, the population of the country of destination and the exchange rate against the dollar. Meanwhile, white pepper exports affected by the destination country's GDP, the population of the country of destination, the price of black pepper, white pepper prices and the exchange rate against the dollar. The results also showed that black pepper and white pepper are not mutually substituted. Keywords: pepper, exports, GDP, population, exchange rate JEL Classificaiton Numbers: F14, F19 Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis perilaku ekspor lada, terdiri dari lada hitam dan lada putih, ke berbagai negara tujuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspor lada hitam dipengaruhi oleh Pendapatan domestik bruto (PDB) negara tujuan, harga lada putih, populasi negara tujuan dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar. Sementara itu, ekspor lada putih dipengaruhi oleh PDB negara tujuan, populasi negara tujuan, harga lada hitam, harga lada putih dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa lada hitam dan lada putih tidak saling bersubstitusi. Keywords: Lada, ekspor, PDB, populasi, kurs JEL Classificaiton Numbers: F14, F1

Prospect of Indonesia Black and White Peppers Export

This study analyzes the behavior of pepper exports, consisting of black pepper and white pepper, to various destination countries. The results of this study showed that black pepper exports affected by the destination country's gross domestic product (GDP), the price of white pepper, the population of the country of destination and the exchange rate against the dollar. Meanwhile, white pepper exports affected by the destination country's GDP, the population of the country of destination, the price of black pepper, white pepper prices and the exchange rate against the dollar. The results also showed that black pepper and white pepper are not mutually substituted

Amplification of The GAPDH Gene from The Urine eDNA of Sumatran Rhino in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park

Profiling the genetic character of each individual sumatran rhino is important in order to maintain individual viability and genetic variability of Sumatran rhinos. Non-invasive sampling is needed to minimize the disturbance of individual sumatran rhinos, this is due to the solitary character of sumatran rhinos and tend to be afraid to interact with humans. Until now, non-invasive sampling of sumatran rhinos in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) has only been done through the source of the puddle. This study aims to amplify the GAPDH gene from sumatran rhino environmental DNA (eDNA) sourced from urine. Urine sampling was carried out on four of the eight sumatran rhino individuals in WKNP. DNA extraction of four sumatran rhino urine samples was carried out with reference to the DNeasy® Blood &amp; tissue kit extraction protocol. Amplification of eDNA extraction results was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GAPDH primers. Visualization of extraction and amplification results from four individual sumatran rhinos at TNWK was tested qualitatively with 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis results showed positive results after amplification of four individual sumatran rhino urine samples at sizes between 100-200bp. This study successfully amplified the GAPDH gene from four sumatran rhino individuals in WKNP based on qualitative tests. In further conservation efforts, it is necessary to explore eDNA extraction from other potential sources

Disk-Jet Connection in the Radio Galaxy 3C 120

We present the results of extensive multi-frequency monitoring of the radio galaxy 3C 120 between 2002 and 2007 at X-ray, optical, and radio wave bands, as well as imaging with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Over the 5 yr of observation, significant dips in the X-ray light curve are followed by ejections of bright superluminal knots in the VLBA images. Consistent with this, the X-ray flux and 37 GHz flux are anti-correlated with X-ray leading the radio variations. This implies that, in this radio galaxy, the radiative state of accretion disk plus corona system, where the X-rays are produced, has a direct effect on the events in the jet, where the radio emission originates. The X-ray power spectral density of 3C 120 shows a break, with steeper slope at shorter timescale and the break timescale is commensurate with the mass of the central black hole based on observations of Seyfert galaxies and black hole X-ray binaries. These findings provide support for the paradigm that black hole X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei are fundamentally similar systems, with characteristic time and size scales linearly proportional to the mass of the central black hole. The X-ray and optical variations are strongly correlated in 3C 120, which implies that the optical emission in this object arises from the same general region as the X-rays, i.e., in the accretion disk-corona system. We numerically model multi-wavelength light curves of 3C 120 from such a system with the optical-UV emission produced in the disk and the X-rays generated by scattering of thermal photons by hot electrons in the corona. From the comparison of the temporal properties of the model light curves to that of the observed variability, we constrain the physical size of the corona and the distances of the emitting regions from the central BH.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 28 pages, 21 figures, 2 table