The Notch pathway drives the ability of the bone marrow niche to promote RNA editing in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most frequently diagnosed hematological malignancy, and despite all the therapeutic advances it remains incurable due to the development of drug resistance. Recently, RNA editing has emerged as one of the important mechanisms that determines expression variability and therefore may be involved in the development of resistance to standard therapy. This process is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes that convert adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. We hypothesize that ADAR1 activation in MM cells may be promoted by the normal cells of the bone marrow (BM) niche through the release of pro-tumor factor controlled by the oncogenic Notch pathway. Indeed, Notch is known to be hyperactivated in myeloma and it is crucial for the pathologic crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding BM microenvironment. Aim of this work was to investigate how the Notch pathway contributes to the ability of the BM microenvironment stromal cells on their ability to boost RNA editing and drug resistance in MM, in order to provide the rationale for a Notch-directed therapy that may allow to inhibit the progression of this disease

Organometallic precursors as catalyst to grow three dimensional micro/nano structures: spheres, clusters and wires

International audienceThis paper presents the growth and characterization of three-dimensional structures using metal-organic (or organometallic) chemical precursors like M(CH3)3, where M is a metal. Their morphology depends principally on growth temperature and conditions at the surface of the substrate. These 3D structures can be separated into two classes: i) one with (Ga, Al, In) metallic alloys shaped as sphere, sceptre or cylinder and a carbon membrane covering the alloy; ii) other with semiconductor or oxide nanowires capped by a metallic sphere. The metal-organic precursors can be seen as catalysts molecules that grow semiconductors with micro and nano-structures similar to the role of gold particles used to grow nanowires in the VLS mechanism. We present the MOCVD growth of Ga2O3, CuGaxOyand (Ga,In)P nanowires using the metal-organic precursors on metallic or metal containing substrates

Organometallic Precursors As Catalyst To Grow Three-dimensional Micro/nanostructures: Spheres, Clusters & Wires

This paper presents the growth and characterization of three-dimensional structures using metal-organic (or organometallic) chemical precursors like M(CH 3) 3, where M is a metal. Their morphology depends principally on growth temperature and conditions at the surface of the substrate. These 3D structures can be separated into two classes: i) one with (Ga, Al, In) metallic alloys shaped as sphere, sceptre or cylinder and a carbon membrane covering the alloy; ii) the other with semiconductor or oxide nanowires capped by a metallic sphere. The metal-organic precursors can be seen as catalysts molecules that grow semiconductors with micro and nanostructures similar to the role of gold particles used to grow nanowires in the VLS mechanism. We present the MOCVD growth of Ga 2O 3, CuGa xO y and (Ga,In)P nanowires using the metal-organic precursors on metallic or metal containing substrates. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.20122-23 SPEC. ISS.91049108Jain, P., El-Sayed, I., el-Sayed, M., (2007) Nanotoday, 2, p. 18Biercuk, M., Mason, N., Marcus, C., (2004) Nano Lett., 4, p. 1Wagner, R., Ellis, W., (1964) Appl. Phys. Lett., 4, p. 89Iijima, S., (1991) Nature (Lond.), 354, p. 56Ohlsson, B., Bjork, M., Magnusson, M., Deppert, K., Samuelson, L., Wallenberg, L., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 3335Duan, X., Lieber, Ch., (2000) Adv. Mater. Weinheim, Ger., 12, p. 298Duan, X., Lieber, Ch., (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, p. 188Yu, H., Li, J., Loomis, R., Wang, L., Buhro, W., (2003) Nature (Lond.), 2, p. 517Pinault, M., Pichot, V., Khodja, H., Launois, P., Reynaud, C., L'Hermite, M., (2005) Nano Lett., 5, p. 2394Lee, S., Wang, N., Lee, C., (2000) Mater. Sci. Eng., A Struct. Mater.: Prop. Microstruct. Process., 286, p. 16Shi, W., Zheng, Y., Wang, N., Lee, C., Lee, S., (2001) Adv. Mater. Weinheim, Ger., 13, p. 591Buffat, Ph., Borel, J.P., (1976) Phys. Rev., A, 13, p. 2287Cheyssac, P., Kofman, R., Mattei, G., Merli, P., Migliori, A., Stella, A., (1995) Superlattices Microstruct., 17, p. 47Cheyssac, P., Sacilotti, M., Patriarche, G., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 044315Viste, P., Colombier, I., Donatini, F., Vial, J.C., Baldeck, P., Herino, R., Duc-Maugé, A., Sacilotti, M., (2004) J. Cryst. Growth, 272, p. 466Sacilotti, M., Decobert, J., Sick, H., Post, G., Viste, P., Dumas, C., Patriarche, G., (2004) J. Gryst. Growth, 272, p. 198Sacilotti, M., Imhoff, L., Viste, P., Dumas, C., Vial, J.C., Baldeck, P., Colombier, I., Donatini, F., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 43, pp. L698Sacilotti, M., Imhoff, L., Bourgeois, S., Dumas, C., Decobert, J., Baldeck, P., Colombier, I., (2004) J. Cryst. Growth, 261, p. 253Johansson, J., Patrik, C., Svensson, T., Martensson, T., Samuelson, L., Seifert, W., (2005) J. Phys. Chem., B, 109, p. 13567Sacilotti, M., Masut, R., Roth, A., (1986) Appl. Phys. Lett., 48, p. 48

Knowledge maturity as a means to support decision making during product-service systems development projects in the aerospace sector

Streamlining new product development forces companies to make decisions on preliminary information. This paper considers this challenge within the context of project management in the aerospace sector, and in particular the development of product-service systems.  The concept of knowledge maturity is explored as a means to provide practical decision support, which increases decision makers' awareness of the knowledge base and supports cross-boundary discussions on the perceived maturity of available knowledge, thereby identifying and mitigating limitations. Requirements are elicited from previous research on knowledge maturity in the aerospace industry and a knowledge maturity model is developed through five industry-based workshops

Athenian eye cups in context.

Since the late 1970s, scholars have explored Athenian eye cups within the presumed context of the symposion, privileging a hypothetical Athenian viewer and themes of masking and play. Such emphases, however, neglect chronology and distribution, which reveal the complexity of the pottery trade during the late sixth and the fifth centuries B.C.E. Although many eye cups have been found in Athens—namely on the Acropolis and mainly from late in the series—the majority come from funerary, sanctuary, and domestic contexts to the west and east. Most of the earliest, largest, and highest-quality examples were exported to Etruria, where the symposion as the Athenians knew it did not exist. Workshops and traders were clearly aware of their audiences at home and abroad and shifted production and distribution of vases to suit. The Etruscan consumers of eye cups made conscious choices regarding their purchase and use. Tomb assemblages from Vulci and elsewhere reveal their multivalent significance: they are emblematic of banqueting in life and death, apotropaic entities, likely with ritual uses. Rather than being signs of hellenization in a foreign culture, Athenian eye cups—like all Greek vases—were brought into Etruria, then integrated, manipulated, and even transformed to suit local needs and beliefs