La réception des littératures étrangéres.

Sin resume

Traduire l’Europe

Europe, however it is defined – whether in terms of geography, culture or politics – is multilingual. Grappling with a question such as “translating Europe” necessarily involves a multitude of languages, none of which can claim to be the sole source language for all the others. In the first part the author suggests that “translating Europe” is perhaps first of all an attempt to assert one’s European identity through translation. Using a passage from Franz Kafka’s diaries, in turn relayed by Milan Kundera, he shows that it is by placing themselves in a broader European context that the literatures of “smaller nations” find the best opportunity to assert their identity and to make themselves better known. But the implication of wanting to make oneself known and to assert one’s European identity through translation – this is the second point – is that one also wishes to know how other Europeans translate themselves, and how they represent their own vision of Europe. The author gives the example here of a singular publishing project: a textbook of the History of Europe and of the World since 1945 written by a joint team of French and German historians and published in two distinct versions in 2006 – one French and one German – with identical type-setting and material. Can this experiment be replicated and extended to other periods? The period known in Slovenia as the preseljevanje narodov and in German as the Völkerwanderung [“migration of the peoples” in both cases] is in French historiography known as period of the “invasions barbares” (“barbarian invasions”)…. There is no common European model for the history of Europe! The last part of the paper concerns the reading of literary works in translation, which the author would like to rehabilitate. Taking as his starting point remarks made by Wilhelm von Humboldt at the beginning of the 19th century (contrasting das Fremde and die Fremdheit), he compares in two cases how a single work has been translated into different languages, which enables us to understand better the different approaches used. These are: (1) the two different titles of Ivo Andric’s novel Na Drini ćuprija (Most na Drini in Slovene) in French translation: Il est un pont sur la Drina (“There was once a bridge over the river Drina”) and Le Pont sur la Drina (“The Bridge over the River Drina”); and (2) the different translations of the title of the parable of the prodigal son, which appear in the Slovene translation of the Return of the Prodigal Son by André Gide: Vrnitev izguljenega sina (“The Return of the Lost Son”). The section concludes with two references to Albert Camus and to Virginia Woolf, which highlight the richness of the European literary heritage. Europe thinks in many languages and Europe is a land of translation. Translation is a means of transmitting culture, a means of making it available to others and an invitation to share. It is a cement which binds Europe together.Evropa je večjezična, ne glede na način, kako jo definiramo (geografsko, kulturno, politično). Vprašanje »prevajanja Evrope« nas torej nujno vodi k različnosti jezikov, med katerimi ne sme noben veljati kot izhodiščni za druge. V prvem delu se Yves Chevrel sprašuje, ali prevajanje Evrope ne pomeni morda poskus prevajanja sebe kot Evropejca. Naslanjajoč na odlomek iz Kafkovega Dnevnika, opremljenega z opombami Milana Kundere, dokazuje, da književnosti »malih narodov«, šele s tem, ko se uvrstijo v širši evropski kontekst, najdejo najboljšo priložnost, da se jih spozna in da se uveljavijo. Želja po prepoznavanju, po prevajanju sebe kot Evropejca, nas vodi do tega, da bi radi videli, kako drugi Evropejci prevajajo sebe in sporočajo svojo vizijo Evrope. Yves Chevrel tu navaja primer zanimivega uredniškega projekta, učbenika Zgodovine Evrope in sveta po letu 1945, ki so ga skupaj pripravili nemški in francoski zgodovinarji in ga leta 2006 izdali v nemški in francoski različici z istimi dokumenti in razporeditvijo strani. Ali se lahko takšna izkušnja ponovi in razširi na druga obdobja? Doba, ki je v Sloveniji znana kot »preseljevanje narodov« in v Nemčiji kot »Völkerwanderung«, francosko zgodovinopisje imenuje »invasions barbares« – invazija barbarov. Za zgodovino Evrope ni evropskega modela. Zadnji del se dotika branja literarnih del v prevodu, ki jih skuša Yves Chevrel rehabilitirati. Izhajajoč iz misli Wilhelma von Humbolta, ki je razlikoval pojma »das Fremde« in »die Fremdheit«, primerja prevode v različnih jezikih, kar omogoča boljše razumevanje različnih pristopov k istemu delu. Naslov romana Na Drini ćuprija Iva Andrića, ki se v slovenščini glasi Most na Drini, je v francoščini Le Pont sur la Drina, pa tudi Il est un pont sur la Drina. Različno pojmovanje evangelijske parabole o izgubljenem sinu je razvidno v naslovu slovenskega prevoda Gidovega dela Vrnitev izgubljenega sina (Retour de l’enfant prodigue). Chevrel ta del zaključuje z dvema citatoma Alberta Camusa in Virginie Woolf, ki poudarjata bogastvo evropske literarne dediščine. Evropa razmišlja v več jezikih, Evropa je celina prevajanja. Prevajanje posreduje, daje na razpolago, kliče k izmenjavi. Prevod je eden izmed veziv Evrope

Prevodi in njihov doprinos k oblikovanju evropske kulturne dediščine

Možnosti, za katere se je odločila šesterica del, objavljenih med leti 2004 in 2019, nas spodbujajo k izoblikovanju zgodovine, ki bo prikazala doprinos prevodov k evropski kulturni dediščini. Ti predstavljajo vlogo kulturnih transferjev na področjih religije in filozofije, zgodovinopisja, prava in znanosti. Zgodovina prevodov, ki neprekinjeno krožijo po Evropi, je tako še posebej ustrezno orodje za razumevanje oblikovanja »evropske civilizacije«

New Type-Structure of Chevrel Phase: Unusual Location of the 3d Chromium Ions in the Mo6Se8 Host Lattice

The triclinic structure of CrMogSeg ternary compound has been solved on single crystals at RT. The triclinic unit-cell is: a = 6.738(2) A, b = 6.710(2) A, c = 6.783(3) Å, a = 98.03(3)°,/? = 91.63(3)°, y = 94.65(3)°, V = 302.5 Å3, Z = 1, Dx = 6.913, space group PT, 1771 reflections, 71 refined parameters, R = 0.023. The network framework is built up of distorted MogSeg cluster units. The originality of this structure is the new occupancy of chromium atoms. Chromium trivalent ions occupy a particular position just in the inversion centre in 1/2 0 0 and are surrounded by six selenium atoms forming a distorted octahedral site (site 2 of the channels). It corresponds to a translation of 1/2 a along the a rhombohedral axis of the Pb ions of the PbMogSeg structure corresponding to a change of symmetry R5 to PT

The French EO high spatial resolution hyperspectral dual mission - an update

More than 25 years of airborne imaging spectroscopy and spaceborne sensors such as Hyperion [1] or HICO [2] have clearly demonstrated the ability of such a remote sensing technique to produce value added information regarding surface composition and physical properties for a large variety of applications [3]. Scheduled missions such as EnMAP [4], HISUI [5] or PRISMA [6] prove the increased interest of the scientific community for such a type of remote sensing data. In France, after gathering a group of Science and Defence users of imaging spectrometry data (Groupe de Synthèse Hyperspectral, GSH [7]) to establish an up-to-date review of possible applications, define instrument specifications required for accurate, quantitative retrieval of diagnostic parameters, and identify fields of application where imaging spectrometry is a major contribution, CNES (French Space Agency) decided a pre-phase A study for an hyperspectral mission concept called HYPXIM (HYPerspectral-X IMagery), the main fields of applications of which were to be vegetation, coastal and inland waters, geosciences, urban environment, atmospheric sciences, cryosphere and Defence. During this pre-phase A, the feasibility of such a platform was evaluated, based on specific studies supported by Defence and a more accurate definition of reference radiances and instrument characteristics. Results also pointed to applications where high spatial resolution was necessary and would not be covered by the other foreseen hyperspectral missions. For example, in the case of ecosystem studies, it is generally agreed that many model variables and processes are not accurately represented and that upcoming sensors with improved spatial and spectral capabilities, such as higher resolution imaging spectrometers, are needed to further improve the quality and accuracy of model variables [8, 9]. The growing interest for urban environment related applications also emphasized the need for an increased spatial resolution [10, 11]. Finally, short revisit time is an issue for security and Defense as well as crisis monitoring. Table 1 summarizes the Science and Defence mission requirements at the end of pre-phase A. Two instrument designs were proposed by the industry (EADS-Astrium and Thales Alenia Space) based on these new requirements [12]: HYPXIM-Challenging, on a micro-satellite platform, with a 15 m pixel and HYPXIM-Performance, on a mini-satellite platform, with a 8 m pixel, and possible TIR hyperspectral capabilities. Both scenarios included a PAN camera with a 1.85 m pixel. Platform agility would allow for “on-event mode” with a 3-day revisit time. CNES decided to select HYPXIM-Performance, the system providing a higher spatial resolution (pixel ≤ 8 m, [13, 14]), but without TIR capabilities, for a phase A study [15]. This phase A was to start at the beginning of 2013 but is currently stopped due to budget constraints. An important part of the activities has been focusing on getting the French community more involved through various surveys and workshops in preparation for the CNES prospective meeting, an important step for the future of the mission. During this prospective meeting, which took place last March, decision was taken to keep HYPXIM alive as a mid-term (2020-2025) mission. The attendance at the recent workshop organized by the SFPT-GH (Société Française de Photogrammétrie et Télédétection, Groupe Hyperspectral) which gathered more than 90 participants from various field of application, including the industry (see http://www.sfpt.fr/hyperspectral for more details), demonstrates the interest and support of the French scientific community for a high spatial resolution imaging spectrometry mission

Osborne (John), The Naturalist Drama in Germany

Chevrel Yves. Osborne (John), The Naturalist Drama in Germany. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 53, fasc. 2, 1975. Histoire (depuis l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 516-518

Bakker (P. -H.). «Naturalisme pas mort», lettres inédites de Paul Alexis à Emile Zola 187 1-1900

Chevrel Yves. Bakker (P. -H.). «Naturalisme pas mort», lettres inédites de Paul Alexis à Emile Zola 187 1-1900. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 53, fasc. 1, 1975. Antiquité — Oudheid. pp. 199-201