Przestrzenny i czasowy rozkład wpływu czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych na zanieczyszczenie wody w Chinach

Access to safe water and ensuring residents’ health are the main components of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Water pollution has a significant impact on residents’ health, and there are many factors that exacerbate water pollution. In this study, we applied the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of factors affecting water pollution in China from 2005 to 2021. Hence, this article takes the chemical oxygen demand emissions (CODE) as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are ending permanent population (EPP), urbanization rate (UR), comprehensive production capacity of water supply (CPCOWS), per capita GDP (PCGDP), industrial water consumption proportion (IWCP), and per capita water consumption (PCWC). The conclusions are as follows: (1) The temporal evolution of CODE in different regions is highly consistent, with the order of water pollution severity being central, northeast, eastern, and western. (2) The effects of different factors on water pollution have obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Overall, EPP, UR, CPCOWS, and PCWC have positive effects on water pollution, and PCGDP and IWCP have negative effects. (3) The direction of EPP and PCGDP impacts on CODE remains consistent across regions. UR impacts are primarily in the northeast, CPCOWS impacts are primarily in the eastern, central, and northeast, IWCP impacts are primarily in the central and western, and PCWC impacts are primarily in the eastern and central. Ultimately, some practical and feasible policy recommendations were proposed for different regions.Dostęp do bezpiecznej wody i zapewnienie zdrowia mieszkańców należą do najważniejszych Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (SDGs). Zanieczyszczenie wody ma znaczący wpływ na zdrowie mieszkańców, a istnieje wiele czynników, które zwiększają zanieczyszczenie wody. W tym badaniu zastosowaliśmy model regresji ważonej geograficznie i czasowo (GTWR) do analizy charakterystyki czasoprzestrzennego rozkładu czynników wpływających na zanieczyszczenie wody w Chinach w latach 2005-2021. Dlatego w tym artykule przyjęto emisję chemicznego zapotrzebowania tlenu (CODE) jako zależną zmienną, a zmiennymi niezależnymi są końcowa liczba ludności (EPP), wskaźnik urbanizacji (UR), całkowita zdolność produkcyjna zaopatrzenia w wodę (CPCOWS), PKB na mieszkańca (PCGDP), udział zużycia wody przemysłowej (IWCP) i zużycie wody na mieszkańca (PCWC). Wnioski są następujące: (1) Czasowa ewolucja CODE w różnych regionach jest wysoce spójna, przy czym kolejność zagrożeń wynikających z  zanieczyszczenia wody jest następująca: regiony centralny, północno-wschodni, wschodni i zachodni. (2) Wpływ różnych czynników na zanieczyszczenie wody jest wyraźnie zróżnicowany przestrzennie i czasowo. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, EPP, UR, CPCOWS i PCWC mają pozytywny wpływ na zanieczyszczenie wody, a PCGDP i IWCP mają skutki negatywne. (3) Kierunek wpływu EPP i PCGDP na CODE pozostaje spójny we wszystkich regionach. Oddziaływania UR występują głównie na północnym wschodzie, oddziaływania CPCOWS występują głównie na wschodzie, środku i północnym wschodzie, oddziaływania IWCP występują głównie w środkowej i zachodniej części, a oddziaływania PCWC występują głównie na wschodzie i w środku. W końcowej części pracy zaproponowano praktyczne i wykonalne zalecenia polityczne dla różnych regionów

Investigation of control algorithm for long-stroke fast tool servo system

Fast tool servo (FTS) is an efficient and reliable method in precision machining for fabricating freeform surfaces or microarrays with sub-micrometric form accuracy. In this paper, a Lorentz force FTS is designed where the voice coil motor is located inside the slide, and four air bearings are used as support components. Three different control algorithms, namely conventional PID control, advanced PID control with velocity/acceleration feed-forward (FF) and sliding mode control (SMC) are implemented in the system, and corresponding Simulink simulation models are built including for both mechanical and electrical systems. The results show that advanced PID and SMC can reduce phase error and overshoot, and tracking error can be controlled at 3.13% at 50 Hz. A new hybrid control algorithm (PID + SMC + FF) is developed, with system tracking error subsequently decreased to 0.871% at 50 Hz. In addition, with a suitable compensation method, the steady state tracking error is further decreased to 0.029%. Consistent results from testing with signals of different input frequency also indicate the general effectiveness of the algorithm

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing a Single Film of Mesoporous TiO2 Beads Achieve Power Conversion Efficiencies Over 10%

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Critical role of the coupling between the octahedral rotation and A-site ionic displacements in PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric materials investigated by in situ neutron diffraction

This in situ neutron-diffraction study on antiferroelectric (AFE) Pb0.99(Nb0.02Zr0.65Sn0.28Ti0.05)O3 polycrystalline materials describes systematic structural and associated preferred orientation changes as a function of applied electric field and temperature. It is found that the pristine AFE phase can be poled into the metastable ferroelectric (FE) phase at room temperature. At this stage, both AFE and FE phases consist of modes associated with octahedral rotation and A-site ionic displacements. The temperature-induced phase transition indicates that the octahedral rotation and ionic displacements are weakly coupled in the room-temperature FE phase and decoupled in the high-temperature FE phase. However, both temperature and E-field-induced phase transitions between the AFE and high-temperature FE phase demonstrate the critical role of coupling between octahedral rotation and A-site ionic displacements in stabilizing the AFE structure, which provides not only experimental evidence to support previous theoretical calculations, but also an insight into the design and development of AFE materials. Moreover, the associated preferred orientation evolution in both AFE and FE phases is studied during the phase transitions. It is found that the formation of the preferred orientation can be controlled to tune the samples’ FE and AFE properties.T.L., Y.L., and R.L.W. thank the Australian Research Council (ARC DP160104780) for financial support in the form of a joint ARC Discovery Project. Y.L. also acknowledges the ARC’s support in the form of an ARC Future Fellowship. The authors also thank the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation for support in the form of beam time

Comparative analysis of metabolome of rice seeds at three developmental stages using a recombinant inbred line population.

Plants are considered an important food and nutrition source for humans. Despite advances in plant seed metabolomics, knowledge about the genetic and molecular bases of rice seed metabolomes at different developmental stages is still limited. Here, using Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Minghui 63 (MH63), we performed a widely targeted metabolic profiling in seeds during grain filling, mature seeds and germinating seeds. The diversity between MH63 and ZS97 was characterized in terms of the content of metabolites and the metabolic shifting across developmental stages. Taking advantage of the ultra-high-density genetic map of a population of 210 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ZS97 and MH63, we identified 4681 putative metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) in seeds across the three stages. Further analysis of the mQTLs for the codetected metabolites across the three stages revealed that the genetic regulation of metabolite accumulation was closely related to developmental stage. Using in silico analyses, we characterized 35 candidate genes responsible for 30 structurally identified or annotated compounds, among which LOC_Os07g04970 and LOC_Os06g03990 were identified to be responsible for feruloylserotonin and l-asparagine content variation across populations, respectively. Metabolite-agronomic trait association and colocation between mQTLs and phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) revealed the complexity of the metabolite-agronomic trait relationship and the corresponding genetic basis

Identification of hub genes in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients by WGCNA and PPI network

258-267Bronchial asthma is a common chronic disease of airway inflammation, high mucus secretion and airway hyper responsiveness. The pathogenetic mechanisms of asthma remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at identifying genes playing an import role in disease-related pathways in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients. Microarray data GSE41861 of asthma airway epithelial cells was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through GEO2R analysis. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene co-expression network modules in bronchial asthma. The DAVID database was then used to perform functional and pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs. In addition, we have conducted protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs by STRING, and eventually found key genes and significant modules. A total of 315 DEGs (111 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated) were identified between severe asthma and healthy individual, which were mainly involved in pathways of cilium assembly, cilium morphogenesis, axon guidance, positive regulation of fat cell differentiation, and positive regulation of cell substrate adhesion. A total of 60 genes in the black module and green module were considered to be correlated with the severity of asthma. Combining PPI network, several key genes were identified, such as BP2RY14, PTGS1, SLC18A2, SIGLEC6, RGS13, CPA3, and HPGDS. Our findings revealed several genes that may be involved in the process of development of bronchial asthma and potentially be candidate targets for diagnosis or therapy of bronchial asthma