357 research outputs found
Anålise do perfil de liderança dos treinadores das categorias de base do futebol brasileiro
Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o perfil de liderança dos treinadores das categorias de base do futebol brasileiro. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionĂĄrio de identificação da amostra e a Escala de Liderança Revisada para o Esporte (ELRE), versĂŁo auto-percepção. Participaram deste estudo 109 treinadores com mĂ©dia de idade de 38,64 anos (± 10,33) e uma mĂ©dia de tempo de envolvimento na função de treinador igual a 7,05 anos (± 6,01). Os treinadores entrevistados advinham de quatro categorias: sub-20 (33 treinadores), sub-17 (28 treinadores), sub-15 (25 treinadores) e sub-13 (23 treinadores). A anĂĄlise estatĂstica foi realizada no SPSS versĂŁo 11.0. Os resultados mostraram que os treinadores se auto-percebem como sendo mais autocrĂĄticos e voltados para os aspectos de treino-instrução de suas equipes. Constatou-se que nĂŁo houve diferença entre as percepçÔes dos treinadores que trabalham nas quatro categorias de base coletadas. Em relação Ă forma de trabalho desses treinadores em suas equipes conclui-se que eles sĂŁo autocrĂĄticos e mostram uma preocupação com a conduta educativa e de instrução, denotando preocupação com a melhoria do desempenho tĂ©cnico, tĂĄtico e motivacional das equipes. Conclui-se tambĂ©m, que os profissionais entrevistados mostram perfis de liderança semelhantes independentemente da categoria na qual eles estĂŁo trabalhando no momento.This study aimed to identify the factors derived from the real leadership style of soccer coaches. This study used a questionnaire to characterize the sample and the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport, real profile version, as instruments for data collection. One hundred and nine soccer coaches of youth teams participated of this research. They presented an average age of 38.64 years (± 10.33) and a direct involvement with coaching of 7.05 years (± 6.01). The interviewees were coaches of four age groups: under 20's (33 coaches), under 17's (28 coaches), under 15's (25 coaches) and under 13's (23 coaches). The results showed that the coaches interviewed perceive themselves as autocratic and orientated to training-instruction aspects as the main components of their leadership profile. The study also found that there were no statistical differences between coaches of the four age groups studied. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that, the real profile of leadership for soccer coaches in youth teams combines autocratic decision style and the technical, tactical and motivational performance of the team; and that the interviewed coaches have the same leadership profile independently of the age group they work with
Spectator sport and population health: A scoping study
© 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc. This article examines the current state of research regarding the effect of spectator sport on population health. We conducted a scoping study that involved a comprehensive search of published and gray literature between 1990 and 2014, and identified 135 studies empirically examining the effect of spectator sport on population health. A frequency analysis shows that there is a paucity of studies on this topic published in sport management journals. A thematic analysis further reveals that the reviewed studies can be classified into nine research themes depicting the relationships among certain categories of spectator sport and population health. Based on this scoping study, we develop a framework and identify several gaps in the literature that should be addressed to advance our understanding of the relationship between spectator sport and population health
Realising the Olympic dream: vision, support and challenge
The sporting arena is replete with examples and anecdotes of great inspirational coaches that have led teams to success, often in the face of adversity and against seemingly better opponents. The role of the coach in developing and motivating athletes has also been the focus of much research in sport psychology (e.g., Challaduria 1990; Smith & Smoll, 2007). Despite the ease with which one readily accepts that coaches can be inspirational, the sport coaching literature is somewhat devoid of research on inspirational coaches and the effects of such coaches on athletic success. The purpose of the current paper is to theoretically delineate the inspirational effects of coaches in sport. Given the relative paucity of inspiration-related research in sport we draw upon contemporary theories of leadership from organisational and military psychology (e.g., transformational and charismatic leadership theories). We propose a sport-specific model of leadership that centres around the vision, support, and challenge meta-cognitive model developed by Arthur and Hardy in military contexts. The model posits that ĂąïżœïżœgreatĂąïżœïżœ coaches inspire their athletes by: (a) creating an inspirational vision of the future; (b) providing the necessary support to achieve the vision; and (c) providing the challenge to achieve the vision. The underlying proposition is that the vision provides meaning and direction for followersĂąïżœïżœ effort. That is, the vision serves as the beacon around which all the sweat, pain and sacrifice involved in achieving success at the highest level in sport is directed. At the heart of this model is the notion that athletes can achieve their dreams provided they are inspired to do so; this is because all other things being equal the person who is motivated to practice longer and train harder will ultimately be the best. The current paper will delineate the coachĂąïżœïżœs role in inspiring the athlete to train harder and longer
Convergence and divergence of elite sport policies: is there a one-size-fits-all model to develop international sporting success?
This study is based on a detailed international comparison of the elite sport policies of 15 nations as part of the SPLISS (Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success) study. It aims to provide deeper insights into the phenomena of convergence and divergence of elite sport policies. The research uses a mixed methods approach based on document reviews, interviews with high performance directors and surveys of 3142 athletes, 1376 coaches and 246 performance directors. There appears to be no generic blueprint for achieving international sporting success. Nations that perform well in international competition show varying patterns of relative strengths and weaknesses across nine pillars, 96 critical success factors, and 750 sub-factors. While the basic raw ingredients of the recipe might be common in broad terms, the combinations in which they are mixed are diverse. Much of this diversity appears to be driven by social, cultural and political factors
A Review of Controlling Motivational Strategies from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: Implications for Sports Coaches
The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary taxonomy of six controlling strategies, primarily based on the parental and educational literatures, which we believe are employed by coaches in sport contexts. Research in the sport and physical education literature has primarily focused on coachesâ autonomysupportive behaviours. Surprisingly, there has been very little research on the use of controlling strategies. A brief overview of the research which delineates each proposed strategy is presented, as are examples of the potential manifestation of the behaviours associated with each strategy in the context of sports coaching. In line with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002), we propose that coach behaviours employed to pressure or control athletes have the potential to thwart athletesâ feelings of autonomy, competence,and relatedness, which, in turn, undermine athletesâ self-determined motivation and contribute to the development of controlled motives. When athletes feel pressured to behave in a certain way, a variety of negative consequences are expected to ensue which are to the detriment of the athletesâ well-being. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness and interest in the darker side of sport participation and to offer suggestions for future research in this area
Exploring the psychological attributes underpinning elite sports coaching.
The influential role of the coach in athlete performance and development has long been acknowledged, and coaches are now considered âperformersâ, just like their athletes. The purpose of the present study was to explore the psychological attributes elite coaches perceived to underpin their ability to coach most effectively and factors perceived to influence attribute development. Qualitative research methods were implemented where 12 elite coaches (eight male, four female) participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis generated nine higher order themes related to psychological attributes: (a) attitude, (b) confidence, (c) resilience, (d) focus, (e) drive for personal development, (f) being athlete-centred, (g) emotional awareness, (h) emotional understanding, and (i) emotional management. In addition, three higher order themes were generated related to factors perceived to influence attribute development: (a) education, (b) experience, and (c) conscious self-improvement. Findings indicated that several attributes perceived to be essential to coaching effectiveness related to the emotional nature of coaching, where coachesâ abilities to identify, understand, and manage emotions in both themselves and others had many positive effects
Culture change in elite sport performance teams: Examining and advancing effectiveness in the new era
Reflecting the importance of optimizing culture for elite teams, Fletcher and Arnold (2011) recently suggested the need for expertise in culture change. Acknowledging the dearth of literature on the specific process, however, the potential effectiveness of practitioners in this area is unknown. The present paper examines the activity's precise demands and the validity of understanding in sport psychology and organizational research to support its delivery. Recognizing that sport psychologists are being increasingly utilized by elite team management, initial evidence-based guidelines are presented. Finally, to stimulate the development of ecologically valid, practically meaningful knowledge, the paper identifies a number of future research directions
Cultural Orientations of sport managers
Various interpretations of sport management are cultural constructs underpinned by core assumptions and values held by members of professional communities. Sport managers world wide share common problems, but differ in how they resolve them. These universal differences emerge from the relationships they form with other people, and their attitude to time, activities and the natural environment. This paper examines the role of sport managersâ cultural orientations in the interpretation and practice of sport management. Using a multiple dimension model (Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 2000) it sketches the cultural profiles of fifteen sport managers from seven countries. A combination of methods was employed including questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. It is contended that the culture of sport management concerns a social process by which managers get involved in reconciling seven fundamental cultural dilemmas in order to perform tasks and achieve certain ends. Thus, a knowledge of the cultural meaning of sport management in a particular country would equip sport managers with a valuable tool in managing both the cultural diversity of their own work forces and in developing appropriate cross-cultural skills needed for running international events, marketing campaigns, sponsorship deals and joint ventures
Relação treinador-atleta e exercĂcio da liderança no desporto: a percepção de treinadores de alta competição
Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de quatro entrevistas levadas a cabo com treinadores de alta competição portugueses, onde se procurou recolher informaçÔes sobre as competĂȘncias necessĂĄrias para exercer a actividade de treinador, os princĂpios e filosofia adoptada no trabalho, as principais ĂĄreas de exercĂcio da liderança e os valores defendidos na modalidade e na prĂĄtica profissional. Os resultados permitiram verificar um acordo quanto Ă importĂąncia de possuĂrem boas competĂȘncias conceptuais e pessoais, princĂpios claros e aceites pelos atletas, boas condiçÔes de trabalho e atletas com qualidade para a alta competição. Paralelamente, foi evidente a complexidade de tarefas assumidas na orientação dos atletas (nove dimensĂ”es do exercĂcio da liderança). Por Ășltimo, Ă© de salientar a importĂąncia dada Ă obtenção dos resultados competitivos (objectivo principal) em conjunto com a anĂĄlise satisfatĂłria do trabalho realizado e a valorização do desenvolvimento pessoal, tanto no treinador como nos atletas (objectivos âperifĂ©ricosâ).Coach-athlete relationship and leadership practice: the perceptions of four high level competition coaches.
On this article we present the results on interviewing four high level competition Portuguese coaches. The
aim was to look for information on the essential coaching competences, the working principles and philosophy,
the main leadership exercise areas and the defended values on sports and professional practice. The results
showed the relevancy of gathering good conceptual and personal competencies, clear and accepted principals,
good working conditions and qualified athletes. Also evident were the complex tasks assumed on guiding the
athletes (nine leadership exercise dimensions were found). Finally, it is essential to point out the importance
given to obtaining sporting results (main goal) as well as the satisfactory working analyses and the value given
to coachesâ and athletesâ self-development (side goals).(undefined
Spectator Sport and Population Health: A Consultation with U.S. College Athletics Employees
A growing number of studies have been published to understand how spectator sport may influence the health of a population. However, it is unknown if these studies address research questions relevant to professionals engaging in the promotion of spectator sport. We conducted a web-based survey with 136 practitioners employed in U.S. college athletics to identify their research priorities and needs regarding spectator sportâs influence on population health. The combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses show that future research needs to be focused particularly on one of the following research themes: (a) social psychological benefits of sport spectatorship and (b) psychological impact of sport spectatorship. The findings further suggest the integration of environmental well-being and eudaimonic well-being into the domain of population health. Based on these findings, we propose future research directions as informed and guided by the practitionersâ perspectives
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