Hall-plot of the phase diagram for Ba(Fe₁₋ₓCoₓ)₂As₂

The Hall effect is a powerful tool for investigating carrier type and density. For single-band materials, the Hall coefficient is traditionally expressed simply by , where e is the charge of the carrier, and n is the concentration. However, it is well known that in the critical region near a quantum phase transition, as it was demonstrated for cuprates and heavy fermions, the Hall coefficient exhibits strong temperature and doping dependencies, which can not be described by such a simple expression, and the interpretation of the Hall coefficient for Fe-based superconductors is also problematic. Here, we investigate thin films of Ba(Fe₁₋ₓCoₓ)₂As₂ with compressive and tensile in-plane strain in a wide range of Co doping. Such in-plane strain changes the band structure of the compounds, resulting in various shifts of the whole phase diagram as a function of Co doping. We show that the resultant phase diagrams for different strain states can be mapped onto a single phase diagram with the Hall number. This universal plot is attributed to the critical fluctuations in multiband systems near the antiferromagnetic transition, which may suggest a direct link between magnetic and superconducting properties in the BaFe₂As₂ system

Multiscale modelling for fusion and fission materials: the M4F project

The M4F project brings together the fusion and fission materials communities working on the prediction of radiation damage production and evolution and its effects on the mechanical behaviour of irradiated ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels. It is a multidisciplinary project in which several different experimental and computational materials science tools are integrated to understand and model the complex phenomena associated with the formation and evolution of irradiation induced defects and their effects on the macroscopic behaviour of the target materials. In particular the project focuses on two specific aspects: (1) To develop physical understanding and predictive models of the origin and consequences of localised deformation under irradiation in F/M steels; (2) To develop good practices and possibly advance towards the definition of protocols for the use of ion irradiation as a tool to evaluate radiation effects on materials. Nineteen modelling codes across different scales are being used and developed and an experimental validation programme based on the examination of materials irradiated with neutrons and ions is being carried out. The project enters now its 4th year and is close to delivering high-quality results. This paper overviews the work performed so far within the project, highlighting its impact for fission and fusion materials science.This work has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 755039 (M4F project)

Терапевтическая эффективность внутриартериального введения нейральных прогениторных клеток, полученных из индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток, при остром экспериментальном ишемическом инсульте у крыс

Aim. Neural progenitor cells (NPC) are used for the development of cell therapies of neurological diseases. Their stereotaxic transplantation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model imitating ischemic stroke results in symptom aleviation. However, exploration of less invasive transplantation options is essential, because stereotaxic transplantation is a complex procedure and can be applied to humans only by vital indications in a specialized neurological ward. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy of the experimental ischemic stroke by the intra-arterial transplantation of NPC.Materials and methods. NPC for transplantation (IPSC-NPC) were derived by two-stage differentiation of cells of a stable line of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stroke modeling in rats was carried out by transitory 90 min endovascular MCAO by a silicon-tipped filament. NPC were transplanted 24 hours after MCAO. Repetitive magnetic resonance tomography of experimental animals was made with the Bruker BioSpin ClinScan tomograph with 7 Tl magnetic field induction. Animal survival rate and neurological deficit (using mNSS standard stroke severity scale) were evaluated at the 1st (before IPSC-NPC transplantation), 7th and 14th day after transplantation. Histological studies were carried out following standard protocols.Results. Intra-arterial transplantation of 7 × 105 IPSC-NPC in 1 ml at a constant 100 l/min rate in case of secured blood flow through the internal carotid artery did not cause brain capillary embolism, additional cytotoxic brain tissue edemas or other complications, while inducing increase of animal survival rate and enhanced revert of the neurological deficit. IPSC-NPC accumulation in brain after intra-arterial infusion was demonstrated. Some cells interacted with the capillary endothelium and probably penetrated through the blood-brain barrier.Conclusion. Therapeutic efficacy of the systemic, intra-arterial administration of NPC in ischemic stroke has been experimentally proven. A method of secure intra-arterial infusion of cell material into the internal carotid artery middle in rats has been developed and tested.Цель. Нейральные прогениторные клетки (НПК) используются при разработке технологий клеточной терапии неврологических заболеваний. Их стереотаксическое введение в мозг крыс после имитирующей ишемический инсульт операции окклюзии средней мозговой артерии (ОСМА) приводит к облегчению симптоматики. Однако стереотаксическое введение является сложной процедурой и для лечения болезней человека может быть применено только в специализированной клинике по жизненным показаниям, что делает необходимым исследование возможности менее травматичных способов трансплантации. Цель настоящей работы – исследование возможности проведения клеточной терапии экспериментального инсульта путем внутриартериального введения НПК.Материалы и методы. НПК для трансплантации (ИПСК-НПК) получали путем двухступенчатой дифференцировки клеток стабильной линии индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток человека. Моделирование инсульта у крыс производилось методом транзиторной (90 мин) эндоваскулярной ОСМА филаментом с силиконовым наконечником. Внутриартериальная трансплантация НПК выполнялась через 24 часа после ОСМА. Магнитно-резонансная томография экспериментальных животных в динамике проводилась на МР-томографе ClinScan фирмы Bruker BioSpin с индукцией магнитного поля 7 Тл. На 1 (до введения ИПСК-НПК), 7 и 14-е сутки после трансплантации оценивались выживаемость животных и неврологический дефицит с использованием стандартной шкалы оценки тяжести инсульта mNSS для грызунов. Гистологические исследования проводили, пользуясь стандартными методами.Результаты. Внутриартериальная трансплантация ИПСК-НПК в дозе 7 × 105 НПК в 1 мл с равномерной скоростью100 мкл/мин и поддержанием кровотока по внутренней сонной артерии не вызывала эмболии капилляров мозга, появления новых зон цитотоксического отека вещества головного мозга или других осложнений и приводила к достоверному повышению выживаемости животных и более быстрому восстановлению неврологического статуса. Продемонстрировано накопление ИПСК-НПК в мозге после их внутриартериальной инфузии. Часть клеток взаимодействовала с эндотелием капилляров и, вероятно, способна проникать через ГЭБ.Заключение. Получено экспериментальное подтверждение терапевтической эффективности НПК при ишемическом инсульте при системной, внутриартериальной трансплантации. Отработан и протестирован метод безопасной внутриартериальной инфузии клеточного материала в бассейн внутренней сонной артерии у крыс

Fullerene and oxidative stress

Fullerene derivatives superfamily attracts a serious attention as antiviral and anticancer agents and drug delivery carriers as well. A large number of such fullerene С60 derivatives obtained to date. However, there is an obvious deficit of information about causes and mechanisms of immediately and long-term consequences of their effects in vivo which is a true obstacle on the way leading to their practical medical using. First, this concerns their impact on the proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis regulation. Fullerene nanoparticle functionalization type, their sizes and surface nanopathology are of great importance for further promoting of either cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects. One of the main effects of fullerenes on living systems is the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induction. This lecture provides a modern concept analysis regarding fullerenes effects on ROS formation and modulation of proliferation and apoptosis in normal and tumor cells.</p

Fullerene and apoptosis

Fullerene derivatives superfamily attracts a serious attention as antiviral and anticancer agents and drug delivery carriers as well. A large number of such fullerene С60 derivatives obtained to date. However, there is an obvious deficit of information about causes and mechanisms of immediately and long-term consequences of their effects in vivo which is a true obstacle on the way leading to practical medical use of them. First, this concerns their impact on the proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis regulation. Fullerene nanoparticle functionalization type, their sizes and surface nanopathology are of great importance to further promoting of either cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects. This lecture provides modern concept analysis regarding fullerenes effects on apoptosis pathway in normal and tumor cells.</p