A full UL13 open reading frame in Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is dispensable for tumor formation and feather follicle tropism and cannot restore horizontal virus transmission of rRB-1B in vivo

peer reviewedMarek’s disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that is highly contagious in poultry. Recombinant RB-1B (rRB-1B) reconstituted from an infectious genome cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is unable to spread horizontally, quite in contrast to parental RB-1B. This finding suggests the presence of one or several mutations in cloned relative to parental viral DNA. Sequence analyses of the pRB-1B bacmid identified a one-nucleotide insertion in the UL13 orthologous gene that causes a frame-shift mutation and thereby results in a theoretical truncated UL13 protein (176 aa vs. 513 aa in parental RB-1B). UL13 genes are conserved among alphaherpesviruses and encode protein kinases. Using two-step “en passant” mutagenesis, we restored the UL13 ORF in pRB-1B. After transfection of UL13-positive pRB-1B DNA (pRB-1B*UL13), the resulting, repaired virus did not exhibit a difference in cell-to cell spread (measured by plaque sizes) and in UL13 transcripts in culture to parental rRB-1B virus. Although 89% of the chickens inoculated with rRB-1B*UL13 virus developed tumors in visceral organs, none of the contact birds did. MDV antigens were clearly expressed in the feather tips of rRB-1B infected chickens, suggesting that the UL13 gene mutation did not alter virus tropism of the feather follicle. The results indicate that the correction in UL13 gene alone is not sufficient to restore in vivo spreading capabilities of the rRB-1B virus, and that other region(s) of pRB-1B might be involved in the loss-of-function phenotype. This finding also shows for the first time that a full UL13 ORF is dispensable for MDV tumor formation and feather follicle tropism

Accreditation of Hospital Establishments in Morocco. What, How, and Why?

The accreditation of hospitals in Morocco is an essential process aimed at ensuring the quality of healthcare provided by healthcare facilities. This process is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The primary objective of accreditation is to ensure the quality and safety of healthcare provided to patients. This includes the verification of standards and care protocols, the qualification of medical and paramedical staff, as well as compliance with health standards. Accreditation of healthcare facilities offers several advantages, including the improvement of the quality of care, the promotion of transparency, increased patient confidence, and the possibility of national and international recognition. The accreditation of health establishments is a major prospect for Morocco. This project is part of the development of the health system reform project and also medical coverage. The objectives of accreditation of hospital establishments are essentially aimed at meeting user expectations and improving the quality and safety of care. This opportunity constitutes a solid foundation and lever to ensure the organization of processes and the application of procedures to facilitate administrative and technical activities within an organization and evaluate the performance of results through the development of dashboards and quality indicators

Los procedimientos de traducción de neologismos médicos y su contribución al enriquecimiento de la terminología médica árabe

The aim of this article is to analyse the translation procedure types (calque and its types, borrowing, default equivalent and foreign words) of medical neologisms that characterise Arabic medical terminology. It also aims to demonstrate which of these types of procedures are most frequently used by Arabic lexicographers to create or translate medical-scientific neologisms. It will also explain the advantages and drawbacks of using these translation techniques and how they have contributed to the enrichment of Arabic medical terminology.En el presente artículo se exponen los tipos de procedimientos de traducción (calco y sus tipos, préstamo, equivalente acuñado y extranjerismo) de neologismos médicos que caracterizan a la terminología médica árabe, asimismo, se pretende demostrar cuáles de estos tipos de procedimientos son los más utilizados por los lexicógrafos árabes para la creación o traducción de neologismos médico-científicos. Igualmente, se explican las ventajas y desventajas del uso de estas técnicas de traducción y cómo han contribuido al enriquecimiento de la terminología médica árabe

Principales tecnologías de indización en las ciencias de la salud que se emplean en Occidente

Nowadays, healthcare indexing technologies are profiting the biomedical field and the standardization of its corresponding terminology, since this is essential to achieve a more precise and unequivocal medical diagnosis. Thus, in this article it has been performed a thorough explanation on how these healthcare technologies work: International Anatomical Terminology (TAI), Medical Subject Headings and the Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical terminology (SNOMED CT), as well as it was elucidated the reasons of its use for healthcare professionals and terminologists.En la actualidad, las tecnologías de indización en las ciencias de la salud están aportando muchos beneficios para el ámbito biomédico y la estandarización de su correspondiente terminología, puesto que esta cuestión es fundamental para lograr un diagnóstico médico más preciso e inequívoco Por esta razón, en este artículo se ha explicado con detalle cómo funcionan estas tecnologías: Terminología Anatómica Internacional (TAI), Medical Subject Headings y el Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical terminology (SNOMED CT), así como, las razones de la importancia de su uso para los sanitarios y los terminólogos

Herpesvirus telomeric repeats facilitate genomic integration into host telomeres and mobilization of viral DNA during reactivation

Some herpesviruses, particularly lymphotropic viruses such as Marek's disease virus (MDV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), integrate their DNA into host chromosomes. MDV and HHV-6, among other herpesviruses, harbor telomeric repeats (TMRs) identical to host telomeres at either end of their linear genomes. Using MDV as a natural virus-host model, we show that herpesvirus TMRs facilitate viral genome integration into host telomeres and that integration is important for establishment of latency and lymphoma formation. Integration into host telomeres also aids in reactivation from the quiescent state of infection. Our results and the presence of TMRs in many herpesviruses suggest that integration mediated by viral TMRs is a conserved mechanism, which ensures faithful virus genome maintenance in host cells during cell division and allows efficient mobilization of dormant viral genomes. This finding is of particular importance as reactivation is critical for virus spread between susceptible individuals and is necessary for continued herpesvirus evolution and survival

The Performance Measurement Frameworks in Health Care: Appropriateness Criteria for Measuring and Evaluating the Quality-of-Care Performance through a Systematic Review

While quality management has become essential in the industrial field, it is still looking for a place in the social field. Experiences remain very divergent, and consensus on the appropriate method and effective tools is still far from being reached. This paper aims to review the literature in the field of performance measurement and management in health care. Studies concerning performance measurement and management in health in all settings were included. Studies before 2018 were identified from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We conducted a thematic analysis of the international literature, identifying themes around the terms “performance assessment, performance evaluation, performance measurement, health indicators, conceptual framework, assessment framework, health system performance, and monitoring and evaluation. Thirty-seven articles were reviewed, and a set of conceptual frameworks were analyzed. Results were interpreted following the seven areas of the conceptual framework: Fundamental questions in performance evaluation, aims and objectives, role and goals, performance, conceptual frameworks, dysfunction of the health system, and performance assessment. All areas of care were involved, health promotion, preventive and curative care. For most organizations, performance measurement was in a relatively early stage of development or implementation. However, some dysfunctions were identified: a lack of systematic outcome assessment, a lack of documentation, a lack of resource evaluation related to quality for specific diseases, and persisting variations among providers in care for similar patients

Study Dairy Cattle in the Region of Gharb: Case of Rural Commune Mograne

The Green Morocco Plan emphasized in its objectives the emergence of agricultural development policy. The dairy sector is central. Commendable initiatives have been expressed by the learned society in all regions of Morocco and in all sectors. At our level, we have targeted the dairy sector in the rural municipality of Mograne of Gharb region. From the standpoint of practical breeding and dairy cattle, an investigation was conducted. 26 farmers, 4 collectors and milk collection center were our target population. To achieve our mission, we relied on achieving a set of visits over a period of three months to the stables. The developed diagnosis involves collecting information on the educational level of farmers, herd size (cows), conduct food, hygiene practices, the mode of milking, the state of the stables, the quantities of milk product ... It comes out that breeders have a low educational level. No guidance in conduct of livestock they have been provided. The practices are traditional. The amount of milk produced is related to race and the number of existing header in the stable. The structure of livestock farms investigated is essentially cross with a percentage of 73%. In second place comes the red local breed with 21%. The purebred is only 6% of the overall population. The factors mentioned above associated with poor compliance with good hygiene practices are probably the cause of low milk production in the municipality of Mograne. Mots clés : Pratiques d'élevage, production laitière, enquête,Key-Words: breeding practices, milk production, investigation, pratiques d'hygiène hygien

The Marek’s disease virus (MDV) protein encoded by the UL17 ortholog is essential for virus growth

Marek’s disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) shows a strict dependency on the direct cell-to-cell spread for its propagation in cell culture. As MDV-1 shows an impaired nuclear egress in cell culture, we wished to address the characterization of capsid/tegument genes which may intervene in the maturation of intranuclear capsids. Orthologs of UL17 are present in all herpesviruses and, in all reported case, were shown to be essential for viral growth, playing a role in capsid maturation and DNA packaging. As only HSV-1 and PrV UL17 proteins have been characterized so far, we wished to examine the role of MDV-1 pUL17 in virus replication. To analyze MDV-1 UL17 gene function, we created deletion mutants or point mutated the open reading frame (ORF) to interrupt its coding phase. We established that a functional ORF UL17 is indispensable for MDV-1 growth. We chose to characterize the virally encoded protein by tagging the 729 amino-acid long protein with a repeat of the HA peptide that was fused to its C-terminus. Protein pUL17 was identified in infected cell extracts as an 82 kDa protein which localized to the nucleus, colocalizing with VP5, the major capsid protein, and VP13/14, a major tegument protein. By using green fluorescent protein fusion and HA tagged proteins expressed under the cytomegalovirus IE gene enhancer/promoter (PCMV IE), we showed that MDV-1 pUL17 nuclear distribution in infected cells is not an intrinsic property. Although our results strongly suggest that another viral protein retains (or relocate) pUL17 to the nucleus, we report that none of the tegument protein tested so far were able to mediate pUL17 relocation to the nucleus

Étude bactériologique comparative des fromages frais marocains commercialisés (Mahlabats) et des fromages fabriqués au laboratoire

Vingt échantillons de fromage frais traditionnel marocain (jben) fabriqué à partir du lait cru, prélevés de cinq laiteries traditionnelles (Mahlabats) de la ville de Kenitra ;ont été soumis à des analyses microbiologiques, à fin de mettre en évidence leur qualité bactériologique et de les comparer avec le fromage contrôlé préparé au laboratoire . Les résultats obtenus montrent que le pH moyen de ces échantillons commercialisés est de 4,25 et l'acidité moyenne est de 87,4D°. Ces valeurs sont respectivement de l’ordre de 4,18 et 83D au niveau des fromages contrôlés (10 échantillons). La charge microbienne aérobie totale est en moyenne de 1,14 107UFC/g, alors que pour les fromages contrôlés les valeurs oscillent entre 3 et 9.106UFC/g. La flore d'origine fécale (coliformes totaux et fécaux) est plus importante dans les fromages commercialisés et en moyenne respectives de 1,04.103 UFC/g et 5,7.104 UFC/g. Les fromages contrôlés sont dépourvus de toute contamination d’origine fécale. Nous avons souligné également l’absence totale des Staphylocoques, Salmonelles et clolésstriduims dans tous les échantillons analysés.Mots-clés : fromage frais, qualité bactériologique

Evaluation Du Système D’hygiène Dans Les Locaux Des Restaurationsscolaires, À La Région d’El Gharb Cherardabnihssen, Par Rapport Auxexigences Normatives Internationales

The implementation of hygiene system in the school catering is based on the application of good hygienic practice and regulations of food safety (security). These measures of hygiene contribute absolutely, in the elimination of the potential food risks susceptible to be at the origin of several diseases. This article presents the results of a study carried out to evaluate the degree of the respect for the sanitary conditions at the level of three school restaurants. The result of our study aims to determine the level of compliance of their hygienic systems to international hygienic standards. The rates of conformity of the sites of the study were of the order of 33, 60 %, 33, 00 % and of 48, 58 % respectively at the level of the establishment n°1, n°2 and n°3. The recorded results show apparently, the level of conformity with regard to the standards. In front of this situation, it is essential to plan and to implement relevant actions of improvement and to engage ways and resources to eliminate the noticed gaps and increase the level of conformit