Physical Inactivity as a Predictor of Abdominal Obesity in the Adult Population

Este estudio investiga la relación entre la actividad física y la obesidad abdominal en adultos de 30 a 60 años en Ciudad del Este. Adoptando un enfoque cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, se analizaron datos de 84 participantes, con un predominio femenino del 80%. La investigación reveló una alarmante prevalencia de baja actividad física, con más del 90% de los participantes reportando niveles bajos. Además, la mayoría presentó valores altos de circunferencia abdominal, indicativos de obesidad abdominal, especialmente en mujeres. Estos hallazgos resaltan una correlación significativa entre la inactividad física y la obesidad abdominal, un problema que se refleja en diversas poblaciones. La comparación con estudios similares subraya la universalidad de este desafío de salud pública. La prevalencia de inactividad física y su asociación con la obesidad abdominal enfatizan la necesidad de intervenciones para mejorar los niveles de actividad física. En conclusión, este estudio aporta evidencia crucial para la planificación de políticas de salud y programas de intervención enfocados en promover estilos de vida activos y saludables. Destaca la importancia de desarrollar estrategias que fomenten la actividad física y aborden barreras culturales y sociales, especialmente entre los hombres, para combatir la obesidad abdominal y prevenir enfermedades crónicas relacionadas.This study investigates the relationship between physical activity and abdominal obesity in adults aged 30 to 60 years in Ciudad del Este. Adopting a quantitative, observational, and descriptive approach, data from 84 participants were analyzed, with a female predominance of 80%. The research revealed an alarming prevalence of low physical activity, with over 90% of participants reporting low levels. Furthermore, the majority presented high values of abdominal circumference, indicative of abdominal obesity, especially in women. These findings highlight a significant correlation between physical inactivity and abdominal obesity, a problem reflected in various populations. Comparison with similar studies underscores the universality of this public health challenge. The prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with abdominal obesity emphasize the need for interventions to improve physical activity levels. In conclusion, this study provides crucial evidence for the planning of health policies and intervention programs focused on promoting active and healthy lifestyles. It highlights the importance of developing strategies that encourage physical activity and address cultural and social barriers, especially among men, to combat abdominal obesity and prevent related chronic diseases

alcideschaux/5hmC-Bladder v1.o

Immunohistochemical expression of 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladde

Case report: Clear cell carcinoma of the penis

<p><b>Case history</b></p><p>53-year-old male with an ulcerated, irregular tumor located in the inner foreskin.<br></p><p><br></p><p><b>Histologic findings</b></p><p>Figures show a malignant neoplastic proliferation composed of polygonal tumor cells with well-defined cellular borders and clear, slightly granular, ample cytoplasm. Nuclear atypias are readily evident with nuclear pleomorphism, coarse chromatin, irregular nuclear membrane, and prominent nucleoli. Tumor nests are irregular with jagged contours. Foci of necrosis are easily found, mainly in the center of tumor nests.</p><p><br></p><p><b>Discussion</b></p><p>Clear cell carcinoma of the penis is a recently described HPV-related type of penile carcinoma with only a few cases reported in the literature. Is a distinctive clinicopathological entity characterized by a preferential foreskin location, a high metastatic rate, and a dismal prognosis compared to the usual variant of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The tumor cells are PAS/dPAS positive and also stain positively with MUC-1, EMA, and CEA.</p><p>Clear cell carcinomas can be confused with other penile tumors depicting clear cell features, such as usual SCC and verruciform carcinomas, among others. Foci of clear cell changes can be found in an otherwise typical penile SCC but usually they are focal and limited to the superficial layers or central portions of an infiltrative nest. In these cases, nuclei do not show the atypical features of clear cell carcinomas and tend to be of low-grade.<br></p><p>Verrucous, papillary, and pseudohyperplastic carcinomas can show focal clear cells with centrally located pyknotic nuclei, most frequently in tumor surface. Koilocytes, especially the pleomorphic ones observed in warty carcinomas, can also be taken as clear cells and, if extensive, suggest a clear cell carcinoma. To avoid this, morphological criteria for diagnosing koilocytes should be stringent: nuclear hyperchromasia, nuclear wrinkling, frequent bi or multinucleation, and presence of perinuclear halos. Also, papillomatosis is not a common finding in clear cell carcinomas while is a defining feature of warty SCC. In addition, foci of necrosis are extremely unusual in penile primary tumors except in sarcomatoid and, to a lesser extent, basaloid carcinomas, tumors in which clear cell features are not frequently found.<br></p> <p>Other tumors with clear cell features that should be considered include sebaceous carcinoma, clear cell urothelial carcinoma of the distal urethra, and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In cases of clear cell urothelial carcinoma there is usually a previous/concurrent history of urothelial carcinoma elsewhere, tumors are located in the meatal/perimeatal region (in contrast with the peripheral location of clear cell carcinomas), and areas of urothelial in situ carcinoma can be found. Urothelial markers such as uroplakin-III and thrombomodulin may be helpful in difficult cases.<br></p><p>Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas tend to be located in the penile shaft. An isolated and exclusively located foreskin location would be exceedingly rare for any secondary penile tumor. A concurrent/previous history of renal malignancy is common. In problematic cases immunohistochemistry for CD10, RCC, PAX2, PAX8 and CA9 (all positive in clear cell renal cell carcinomas) may be useful.<br></p><p>Finally, sebaceous carcinomas originate in the outer foreskin, nuclei are smaller, and there is no evidence of HPV infection. In limited biopsies the clinical data, anatomical location of the tumor, and the positivity for PAS/dPAS, HPV and MUC-1 are useful in the differential diagnosis of clear cell carcinomas of the penis.<br></p

Immunohistochemical expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in penile squamous cell carcinomas: a tissue microarray study of 112 cases

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related biomarkers in penile carcinomas, and to assess associations with histological type, histological grade, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.; METHODS AND RESULTS: We built four tissue microarrays from 112 invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas, and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-S6. We found decreased or loss of PTEN expression in 87% of cases. Warty and/or basaloid carcinomas had a higher proportion of PTEN loss (P=0.02), whereas keratinizing tumours showed higher levels of phospho-S6 (P=0.009); phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR levels were not significantly different between warty/basaloid and keratinizing carcinomas (P=0.75 and P=0.77, respectively). PTEN was not associated with histological grade (P=0.18). Expression levels of phospho-S6 were significantly higher in low-grade tumours (P=0.001), whereas expression levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR were slightly higher in high-grade tumours (P=0.01 and P=0.35, respectively). We did not find any association between HPV infection and mTOR markers (P≥0.2 in all cases).; CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of dysregulation of the mTOR pathway in penile carcinomas independently of HPV infection. Future clinical studies should further evaluate the prognostic and predictive usefulness of these markers in patients with penile cancer. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd