EFFECT OF HEEL HEIGHTS ON LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ACTIVATION FOR BACK-SQUAT PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this current study was to investigate the effect of different heel heights on lower extremity muscle activation during back-squat performance. Eight healthy active male collegiate students with back-squat experience volunteered for the study (BH: 1.83 ± 0.09m; BM: 88.45 ± 16.46kg). Each subject performed five trials of backsquat performance in four different heel height conditions (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 inch; 1.27, 1.91, 2.54 cm, respectively) in random order. Mean muscle activations were obtained from VM, VL, MG, and LG between onset and end of a back-squat performance at 70% of 1 RM. Results indicated that LG and MG had significantly greater mean muscle activation in 0.75- and 1-inch heel height conditions than no heel height condition (P \u3c 0.01). Different heel heights had no effect on mean muscle activation at VM and VL

An Extended Double Row Layout Problem

The double row layout problem (DRLP) seeks to determine optimal machine locations on either side of an aisle, where the objective has been defined as the minimization of material ow cost among ma- chines while meeting machine clearance constraints. In this paper, we extend existing DRLP formulations in two respects. First, we consider the minimization of layout area besides the usual material ow cost objective. Second, we present a mixed integer linear programming formulation that permits non-zero aisle widths. This new formulation also includes new constraints that eliminate layout \mirroring, thus reducing the solution space significantly and thus solution times. Although small-scale problems may be solved optimally by commercial integer programming solvers, solution times are highly sensitive to the number of machines in a layout. A tabu search heuristic is shown to work well for moderately-sized problems. Numerical examples demonstrating the impact of both ow and area objectives, as well as aisle widths, are included

The Geologic Setting of Coal and Carbonaceous Material, Narragansett Basin, Southeastern New England

Guidebook to geologic field studies in Rhode Island and adjacent areas: The 73rd annual meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, October 16-18, 1981: Trip B-

Considerations for Dairy Farms Regarding Use of Sewage Sludges, Sludge Products and Septage

Sewage sludges and sludge-based products can be used as agricultural soil amendments. They can provide a free or low-cost source of organic matter, nutrients and sometimes lime. Those entities responsible for sludge management provide farmers with their assessment of the benefits of land application. There are specific considerations regarding sludge use on dairy farms for animal, human, soil and plant health as well as for relationships with neighbors. This document is intended to help dairy farmers and their advisors make informed decisions regarding the use of sewage sludges, sludge-based products and septage and to outline measures that can reduce the risks that may be associated with application on dairy farms

The Grizzly, April 28, 2022

The New Normal: A Spotlight on Women\u27s Wrestling • A Conversation with the New Division of Inclusion and Community • Note from the News Editor • Dancing the Night Away: UCDC\u27s Spring Concert • That\u27s All, Folks: Goodbye Dr. Throop! • The Man Behind the Grizzly: Doron Taussig • A Note from the Features Editor • Opinions: Bring Back the Old Jazzman\u27s • A Note from the Opinions Editor • A Note from the Sports Editor • D3 Baller to D1 Coach • Ballin\u27 in Europehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1987/thumbnail.jp

Attentional demand influences strategies for encoding into visual working memory

Visual selective attention and visual working memory (WM) share the same capacity-limited resources. We investigated whether and how participants can cope with a task in which these 2 mechanisms interfere. The task required participants to scan an array of 9 objects in order to select the target locations and to encode the items presented at these locations into WM (1 to 5 shapes). Determination of the target locations required either few attentional resources (“popout condition”) or an attention-demanding serial search (“non pop-out condition”). Participants were able to achieve high memory performance in all stimulation conditions but, in the non popout conditions, this came at the cost of additional processing time. Both empirical evidence and subjective reports suggest that participants invested the additional time in memorizing the locations of all target objects prior to the encoding of their shapes into WM. Thus, they seemed to be unable to interleave the steps of search with those of encoding. We propose that the memory for target locations substitutes for perceptual pop-out and thus may be the key component that allows for flexible coping with the common processing limitations of visual WM and attention. The findings have implications for understanding how we cope with real-life situations in which the demands on visual attention and WM occur simultaneously

Disentangling the contributions of dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and ecological filtering to wild bee community assembly

The species composition within communities is highly dependent on the rate of species immigration and whether immigrating species possess the functional traits required by the prevailing environmental conditions. Once established, random fluctuations in birth and death rates may reduce the diversity of ecologically equivalent species if local populations are not replenished by immigrating individuals. Consequently, three key processes drive community assembly: dispersal limitation, ecological filtering, and ecological drift. However, disentangling the relative contribution of these processes remains a challenge in community ecology. We used a binomial generalized linear mixed model to test whether the occurrences of solitary bees within 46 communities in southeast Norway were driven by (1) dispersal limitation, that is, the geographic distance to the nearest site where conspecifics occurred; (2) ecological filtering, that is, if forb species richness selected for non-Ericaceae-affiliated species; and (3) ecological drift, that is, if small, isolated communities were dominated by regionally common species. The regression slopes from the model for each potential driver of community composition were compared with those expected under a null model, in which species were treated as ecologically equivalent. Both dispersal limitation and ecological filtering influenced the probability of species occurring within communities. The occurrence of species decreased with elevation, and this relationship depended on the relative commonness of species and their floral preferences. For non-Ericaceae-affiliated species, the patterns of occurrence mirrored that expected under the null (neutral) model, resulting in the same patterns as would be expected under ecological drift. In contrast, the response of Ericaceae-affiliated species differed from what would be expected from the null model. Our results also indicate that processes leading to neutral dynamics in species compositions drive a large part of the gradient in species richness in Norwegian bee communities. These processes seem related to sampling effects so that large and interconnected communities have a higher probability of including regionally rare species than small, isolated communities. Our results suggest that targeting habitats—where the influence of ecological filtering is expected to be greater than that of neutral dynamics—can increase the success of habitat management plans aimed at promoting rare species