Gestion du risque sécuritaire et prédiction des incidents disciplinaires : la contribution des modèles d'importation, de privation et du LS/CMI

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L’évaluation de la validité prédictive du LS/CMI dans la prédiction des incidents disciplinaires en prison

Dans son plan stratégique, le ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec souligne les problèmes actuels de surpopulation carcérale au Québec. Ce phénomène peut contribuer à une augmentation des conflits vécus par les détenus et, par extension, à l’émergence des incidents disciplinaires. Dans un tel contexte, il semble nécessaire d’améliorer la gestion du risque lié à ce type d’incidents. Dans le cadre de cet article, l’objectif principal visé est de mettre à l’épreuve la validité prédictive du LS/CMI sur l’occurrence des incidents disciplinaires. L’échantillon consiste en 934 détenus incarcérés au Service correctionnel du Québec (SCQ) entre janvier et décembre 2007. Durant cette même période, tous les détenus ont été évalués dans les semaines suivant leur admission avec la version québécoise du LS/CMI. Les résultats permettent de confirmer l’efficacité du LS/CMI dans la prédiction des incidents disciplinaires, et ce, indépendamment de leur nature et de leur cible.The purpose of this study was to address the critical need to improve accuracy in risk assessment for prison misconducts and hence improve decision-making. With the increased prison crowding in the correctional facilities in Quebec, there is a critical need for the development of better instruments to assist clinicians in their task. Since February 2007, all offenders sentenced for a violent crime or to six month or more are now evaluated with the French-Canadian version of the LS/CMI. Although the LS/CMI is generally good at predicting recidivism, it was not specifically designed to predict prison misconducts. The present study investigates the potential predictive validity of the LS/CMI. The sample consisted of 934 male offenders sentenced for a violent crime or to 6 month or more in the Correctional Services of Quebec between February 2007 and December 2007. In general, results indicate that the LS/CMI can predict violent and non violent misconducts.En su plan estratégico, el ministerio de Seguridad pública de Quebec destaca los problemas actuales de sobrepoblación en las cárceles de Quebec. Dicho fenómeno corre el riesgo de contribuir al aumento de conflictos entre los detenidos y, por extensión, a la emergencia de incidentes disciplinarios. En ese contexto, se vuelve necesario mejorar la gestión de riesgos asociados a ese tipo de incidentes. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue poner a prueba la validez predictiva del LS/CMI sobre ocurrencia de incidentes disciplinarios. La muestra consistió en 934 detenidos encarcelados en el Servicio correccional de Quebec (SCQ) entre enero y diciembre de 2007. Durante ese periodo, todos los detenidos fueron evaluados en las semanas que siguieron a su admisión con la versión canadiense del LS/CMI. Los resultados permiten confirmar la eficacia del LS/CMI en la predicción de incidentes disciplinarios independientemente de su naturaleza

Partial Transformation of Imogolite by Decylphosphonic Acid Yields an Interface Active Composite Material

International audienceThe phosphonic acid moiety is commonly used as an anchoring group for the surface modification of imogolite. However, the impact of the reaction on its structure has never been clearly analyzed before. We study the reaction of imogolite and decylphosphonic acid by combining infrared spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Instead of a surface functionalization, we observe the formation of a lamellar phase interconnected with imogolite bundles. Although we find no evidence for grafted imogolite tubes, we observe the expected dispersion characteristics and stabilization of water in toluene emulsions described in literature. Based on the surface chemistry of imogolite we propose an explanation for the observed reactivity and link the structural features of the obtained composite material to its dispersibility in toluene and its observed properties at the toluene-water interface

Imogolite nanotubes partially transformed by decylphosphonic acid to form an interface active composite material

International audienceThe natural Imogolite clay ((HO)$_3$Al$_2$O$_3$SiOH) with nano-tubular structure of 2-3 nm diameter is apromising candidate for polymer reinforcement, water treatment and other applications. However,its hydrophilic external gibbsite like surface limits its use in hydrophobic environment. Among thedifferent possible grafting functions for the outer surface, the phosphonic acid moiety is the most used.It shows strong reactivity with imogolite. If the resulting product can be dispersed in a hydrophobicenvironment, the impact of the reaction on the tubular structure was never demonstrated andexperimental evidence of grafted dispersed imogolite tubes with a brush-like layer on their exterior isstill missin

Exercise-Induced Cardiac Fatigue in Soldiers Assessed by Echocardiography

International audienceBackground: Echocardiographic signs of exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) have been described after strenuous endurance exercise. Nevertheless, few data are available on the effects of repeated strenuous exercise, especially when associated with other constraints as sleep deprivation or mental stress which occur during military selection boot camps. Furthermore, we aimed to study the influence of experience and training level on potential EICF signs.Methods: Two groups of trained soldiers were included, elite soldiers from the French Navy Special Forces (elite; n = 20) and non-elite officer cadets from a French military academy (non-elite; n = 38). All underwent echocardiography before and immediately after exposure to several days of uninterrupted intense exercise during their selection boot camps. Changes in myocardial morphology and function of the 4 cardiac chambers were assessed.Results: Exercise-induced decrease in right and left atrial and ventricular functions were demonstrated with 2D-strain parameters in both groups. Indeed, both atrial reservoir strain, RV and LV longitudinal strain and LV global constructive work were altered. Increase in LV mechanical dispersion assessed by 2D-strain and alteration of conventional parameters of diastolic function (increase in E/e' and decrease in e') were solely observed in the non-elite group. Conventional parameters of LV and RV systolic function (LVEF, RVFAC, TAPSE, s mitral, and tricuspid waves) were not modified.Conclusions: Alterations of myocardial functions are observed in soldiers after uninterrupted prolonged intense exercise performed during selection boot camps. These alterations occur both in elite and non-elite soldiers. 2D-strain is more sensitive to detect EICF than conventional echocardiographic parameters