18 research outputs found
A developmental approach to predicting neuronal connectivity from small biological datasets: a gradient-based neuron growth model.
PMCID: PMC3931784 Open Access article: BB/G006652/1 and BB/G006369/1.Relating structure and function of neuronal circuits is a challenging problem. It requires demonstrating how dynamical patterns of spiking activity lead to functions like cognitive behaviour and identifying the neurons and connections that lead to appropriate activity of a circuit. We apply a "developmental approach" to define the connectome of a simple nervous system, where connections between neurons are not prescribed but appear as a result of neuron growth. A gradient based mathematical model of two-dimensional axon growth from rows of undifferentiated neurons is derived for the different types of neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of young tadpoles of the frog Xenopus. Model parameters define a two-dimensional CNS growth environment with three gradient cues and the specific responsiveness of the axons of each neuron type to these cues. The model is described by a nonlinear system of three difference equations; it includes a random variable, and takes specific neuron characteristics into account. Anatomical measurements are first used to position cell bodies in rows and define axon origins. Then a generalization procedure allows information on the axons of individual neurons from small anatomical datasets to be used to generate larger artificial datasets. To specify parameters in the axon growth model we use a stochastic optimization procedure, derive a cost function and find the optimal parameters for each type of neuron. Our biologically realistic model of axon growth starts from axon outgrowth from the cell body and generates multiple axons for each different neuron type with statistical properties matching those of real axons. We illustrate how the axon growth model works for neurons with axons which grow to the same and the opposite side of the CNS. We then show how, by adding a simple specification for dendrite morphology, our model "developmental approach" allows us to generate biologically-realistic connectomes
Space-borne Bose-Einstein condensation for precision interferometry
Space offers virtually unlimited free-fall in gravity. Bose-Einstein
condensation (BEC) enables ineffable low kinetic energies corresponding to
pico- or even femtokelvins. The combination of both features makes atom
interferometers with unprecedented sensitivity for inertial forces possible and
opens a new era for quantum gas experiments. On January 23, 2017, we created
Bose-Einstein condensates in space on the sounding rocket mission MAIUS-1 and
conducted 110 experiments central to matter-wave interferometry. In particular,
we have explored laser cooling and trapping in the presence of large
accelerations as experienced during launch, and have studied the evolution,
manipulation and interferometry employing Bragg scattering of BECs during the
six-minute space flight. In this letter, we focus on the phase transition and
the collective dynamics of BECs, whose impact is magnified by the extended
free-fall time. Our experiments demonstrate a high reproducibility of the
manipulation of BECs on the atom chip reflecting the exquisite control features
and the robustness of our experiment. These properties are crucial to novel
protocols for creating quantum matter with designed collective excitations at
the lowest kinetic energy scales close to femtokelvins.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Hybridization and adaptive evolution of diverse Saccharomyces species for cellulosic biofuel production
Additional file 15. Summary of whole genome sequencing statistics
De la conception participative dâun outil de prĂ©conisation de mĂ©langes prairiaux Ă lâĂ©mergence dâune communautĂ© dâutilisateurs
Contact : Julie Grenier ([email protected]) Catherine Experton ([email protected]) Antoine Roinsard ([email protected])National audienc
DĂ©veloppement participatif dâun outil dâaide Ă la conception de prairies Ă flore variĂ©e
Lâutilisation de prairies constituĂ©e dâun mĂ©lange complexe dâespĂšces constitue une alternative
agroĂ©cologique Ă des monocultures fourragĂšres consommatrices dâintrants de synthĂšse. Cependant il nâexiste pas
de rĂ©fĂ©rences ou dâoutils facilement mobilisables pour concevoir de tels mĂ©langes. Lâoutil CapflorÂź a Ă©tĂ© conçu
pour combler cette lacune. Il hybride savoirs écologiques et agronomiques et a été conçu de maniÚre
participative afin dâĂȘtre utile et utilisĂ©
CAPFLOR (Conception Assistée de Prairies à FLORe variée): Un outil agroécologique pour concevoir des prairies à flore variée
AnnĂ©e de la premiĂšre version : 2015Documents associĂ©s disponibles : Documentation utilisateur â TutorielInterface utilisateur : application WebMode de diffusion : service en ligneN° de dĂ©pĂŽt APP : IDDN.FR.001.3300119.000R.C.2014.000.42000PrĂ©requis : connaissances de bases en agronomieCapflorÂź est un outil dâaide Ă la dĂ©cision libre dâutilisation accessible sur internet avec un navigateur, depuis un ordinateur, un smartphone ou une tablette. Il permet de prĂ©coniser des mĂ©langes dâespĂšces fourragĂšres en fonction des conditions pĂ©doclimatiques de la parcelle Ă semer et de la valeur dâusage souhaitĂ©e par lâutilisateur (fauche, pĂąturage, mixte). Il est destinĂ© aux conseillers agricoles, aux conseillers de coopĂ©ratives, aux Ă©leveurs pour une utilisation dâenvergure nationale.Il peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans le cadre de formations par des enseignants agricoles. CapflorÂź sâappuie sur un modĂšle couplant agronomie et Ă©cologie et nĂ© de lâhybridation des connaissances entre la science et le monde agricole
CAPFLOR (Conception Assistée de Prairies à FLORe variée): Un outil agroécologique pour concevoir des prairies à flore variée
AnnĂ©e de la premiĂšre version : 2015Documents associĂ©s disponibles : Documentation utilisateur â TutorielInterface utilisateur : application WebMode de diffusion : service en ligneN° de dĂ©pĂŽt APP : IDDN.FR.001.3300119.000R.C.2014.000.42000PrĂ©requis : connaissances de bases en agronomieCapflorÂź est un outil dâaide Ă la dĂ©cision libre dâutilisation accessible sur internet avec un navigateur, depuis un ordinateur, un smartphone ou une tablette. Il permet de prĂ©coniser des mĂ©langes dâespĂšces fourragĂšres en fonction des conditions pĂ©doclimatiques de la parcelle Ă semer et de la valeur dâusage souhaitĂ©e par lâutilisateur (fauche, pĂąturage, mixte). Il est destinĂ© aux conseillers agricoles, aux conseillers de coopĂ©ratives, aux Ă©leveurs pour une utilisation dâenvergure nationale.Il peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans le cadre de formations par des enseignants agricoles. CapflorÂź sâappuie sur un modĂšle couplant agronomie et Ă©cologie et nĂ© de lâhybridation des connaissances entre la science et le monde agricole
Outiller la bio-diversification des systĂšmes fourragers pour les adapter au changement climatique
Biodiversification of forage systems is seen by researchers as a way to improve the adaptability to climate change of animal farming systems. Three tools are presented to operationalize this principle for managing diversity at the system, the plot and the plant levels (Rami FourragerÂź, CapflorÂź and Maison de la SemenceÂź, resp.). This work shows that operationalization commites both farmers and researchers in a learning process is not that easy to implement. It has to be part of the research process as it is a mean to investigate the real world.La biodiversification des systĂšmes fourragers permettrait dâamĂ©liorer la capacitĂ© dâadaptation au changement climatique des systĂšmes dâĂ©levage. Trois outils sont prĂ©sentĂ©s pour gĂ©rer la diversitĂ© Ă lâĂ©chelle du systĂšme, de la parcelle et des plantes (resp. le Rami FourragerÂź, CapflorÂź et la Maison de la SemenceÂź). Ce travail montre que lâopĂ©rationnalisation, qui engage des apprentissages chez les Ă©leveurs et les chercheurs, ne va pas de soi. Elle doit ĂȘtre internalisĂ©e Ă la dĂ©marche de recherche car elle est un moyen dâexploration du rĂ©el
How microbial biofilms impact the interactions of Quantum Dots with mineral surfaces?
International audienc
The KrĂŒppel-like Factor 15 as a Molecular Link between Myogenic Factors and a Chromosome 4q Transcriptional Enhancer Implicated in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy
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