Building consensus in neuromesodermal research:Current advances and future biomedical perspectives

International audienceThe development of the vertebrate body axis relies on the activity of different populations of axial progenitors, including neuromesodermal progenitors. Currently, the term "Neuromesodermal progenitors'' is associated with various definitions. Here, we use distinct terminologies to highlight advances in our understanding of this cell type at both the single cell and population levels. We discuss how these recent insights prompt new opportunities to address a range of biomedical questions spanning cancer metastasis, congenital disorders, cellular metabolism, regenerative medicine, and evolution. Finally, we outline some of the major unanswered questions and propose future directions at the forefront of neuromesodermal research

Adhesion Disengagement Uncouples Intrinsic and Extrinsic Forces to Drive Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissues

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Mechanics of Epithelial Tissue Homeostasis and Morphogenesis

International audienceEpithelia are robust tissues that support the structure of embryos and organs and serve as effective barriers against pathogens. Epithelia also chemically separate different physiological environments. These vital functions require tight association between cells through the assembly of junctions that mechanically stabilize the tissue. Remarkably, epithelia are also dynamic and can display a fluid behavior. Cells continuously die or divide, thereby allowing functional tissue homeostasis. Epithelial cells can change shape or intercalate as tissues deform during morphogenesis. We review the mechanical basis of tissue robustness and fluidity, with an emphasis on the pivotal role of junction dynamics. Tissue fluidity emerges from local active stresses acting at cell interfaces and allows the maintenance of epithelial organization during morphogenesis and tissue renewal

Banque Populaire AURA : valoriser la marque employeur grâce aux salariés ambassadeurs

Banque Populaire Auvergne Rhône Alpes (BP AURA) est une banque régionale coopérative qui fait partie du groupe BPCE. Pour satisfaire les attentes de ses clients, elle a besoin de compter dans ses effectifs des salariés disposant à la fois d'une expertise technique et de compétences comportementales.L'entreprise est aujourd'hui confrontée à un double défi RH :- Attirer de nouveaux collaborateurs dans un marché du travail tendu, où la concurrence entre employeurs bancaires est réelle et où l'image du secteur est dégradée ;- Fidéliser les collaborateurs en poste.Pour faire face à ces défis, BP AURA a déjà engagé un travail sur la formalisation et la communication de sa marque employeur, et réfléchit maintenant à la mise en place d'un programme de salariés ambassadeurs

PAPC couples the Segmentation Clock to somite morphogenesis by regulating N-cadherindependent adhesion

International audienceVertebrate segmentation is characterized by the periodic formation of epithelialsomites from the mesenchymal presomitic mesoderm (PSM). How the rhythmicsignaling pulse delivered by the Segmentation Clock is translated into theperiodic morphogenesis of somites remains poorly understood. Here, we focusedon the role of Paraxial protocadherin (PAPC/Pcdh8) in this process. We showedthat in chicken and mouse embryos, PAPC expression is tightly regulated by theClock and Wavefront system in the posterior PSM. We observed that PAPCexhibits a striking complementary pattern to N-Cadherin (CDH2), marking theinterface of the future somite boundary in the anterior PSM. Gain and loss offunction of PAPC in chicken embryos disrupt somite segmentation by altering theCDH2-dependent epithelialization of PSM cells. Our data suggest that clathrin mediatedendocytosis is increased in PAPC expressing cells, subsequentlyaffecting CDH2 internalization in the anterior compartment of the future somite.This in turn generates a differential adhesion interface, allowing formation of theacellular fissure that defines the somite boundary. Thus periodic expression ofPAPC in the anterior PSM triggers rhythmic endocytosis of CDH2, allowing forsegmental de-adhesion and individualization of somites

Exploring the Impact of Homocysteine Supplementation on Avian Embryonic Metabolism Through Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis

International audienceEmbryonic malformations are often attributed to environmental factors, including folate deficiency. Avian models can recapitulate human folate deficiencies by adding homocysteine into the egg. However, how this treatment impacts the metabolite levels during embryonic development remains poorly understood.This project aims to fill this gap by studying how the supplementation of homocysteine affects the metabolitecomposition across various matrices.We used our expertise in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to develop a method for sample preparationand analysis on the different parts of the egg: yolk, white, and embryo, in order to study the impact ofhomocysteine supplementation on metabolite profiles during embryonic development. Samples were analyzedusing HILIC technology on a Vanquish-QExactive+ coupling (Thermo) in ESI-NEG and ESI-POS, full scan mode andtargeted reprocessing on 150 metabolites.Our preliminary results show satisfactory metabolic coverage, with 103 metabolites detected across the 3matrices studied. The next quantitative study of 60 samples will show the impact of homocysteinesupplementation at different doses, on the metabolism of these 3 matrices at different stages of embryonicdevelopment. It will allow us to determine the dynamics of metabolite levels in homocysteine-supplementedeggs across developmental time

Building consensus in Neuromesodermal Research: current advances and future biomedical perspectives

International audienceThe development of the vertebrate body axis relies on the activity of different populations of axial progenitors, including neuromesodermal progenitors. Currently, the term "Neuromesodermal progenitors'' is associated with various definitions. Here, we use distinct terminologies to highlight advances in our understanding of this cell type at both the single cell and population levels. We discuss how these recent insights prompt new opportunities to address a range of biomedical questions spanning cancer metastasis, congenital disorders, cellular metabolism, regenerative medicine, and evolution. Finally, we outline some of the major unanswered questions and propose future directions at the forefront of neuromesodermal research

Exploring the Impact of Homocysteine Supplementation on Avian Embryonic Metabolism Through Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis

International audienceEmbryonic malformations are often attributed to environmental factors, including folate deficiency. Avian models can recapitulate human folate deficiencies by adding homocysteine into the egg. However, how this treatment impacts the metabolite levels during embryonic development remains poorly understood.This project aims to fill this gap by studying how the supplementation of homocysteine affects the metabolitecomposition across various matrices.We used our expertise in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to develop a method for sample preparationand analysis on the different parts of the egg: yolk, white, and embryo, in order to study the impact ofhomocysteine supplementation on metabolite profiles during embryonic development. Samples were analyzedusing HILIC technology on a Vanquish-QExactive+ coupling (Thermo) in ESI-NEG and ESI-POS, full scan mode andtargeted reprocessing on 150 metabolites.Our preliminary results show satisfactory metabolic coverage, with 103 metabolites detected across the 3matrices studied. The next quantitative study of 60 samples will show the impact of homocysteinesupplementation at different doses, on the metabolism of these 3 matrices at different stages of embryonicdevelopment. It will allow us to determine the dynamics of metabolite levels in homocysteine-supplementedeggs across developmental time

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for nocardiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: Real-life data from a multicentre retrospective study.

BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the optimal management of nocardiosis among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. It is often suggested to avoid trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) monotherapy in heavily immunocompromised patients (such as SOT recipients) and/or in case of severe or disseminated nocardiosis. Our aim was to report our experience with TMP-SMX monotherapy in SOT recipients with nocardiosis. METHODS Using data from a previously published European study, we assessed the incidence of adverse events in SOT recipients receiving TMP-SMX monotherapy and assessed its effectiveness. RESULTS Thirty-one SOT recipients with nocardiosis were included, mostly kidney transplant recipients (20/31, 65%). Eleven (36%) had disseminated infection, and four (13%) had brain nocardiosis. Most patients had lung and/or pleural involvement (26/31, 84%). Daily dose of trimethoprim at initiation was 10 [6.4-14.8] mg/kg. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate at time of diagnosis of nocardiosis was 44 [30-62] ml/min/1.73 m². TMP-SMX was discontinued prematurely in one third of the patients (10/31, 32%, mostly for hematological toxicity [n = 3] or increased serum creatinine [n = 3]). Focusing on the 24 (77%) patients who completed at least 30 days of TMP-SMX monotherapy, 4 had late (>30 days) drug discontinuation, 1 experienced treatment failure, and 19 completed planned TMP-SMX monotherapy. Clinical outcome was favorable in these 19 patients, despite the fact that 8 (42%) had disseminated infection and 2 (11%) brain nocardiosis. Overall, all-cause 1-year mortality was 10% (3/31). CONCLUSIONS TMP-SMX monotherapy appears to be effective for the treatment of most nocardiosis among SOT recipients. Interventional studies are needed to compare its safety and effectiveness with those of other regimens used to treat posttransplant nocardiosis