Effect of dietary soluble fibre level and protein source on growth, digestion, caecal activity and health of fattening rabbits

[EN] From weaning (34 d of age) until slaughter (76 d), 216 hybrid rabbits were divided into six experimental groups and fed ad libitum six iso-protein (CP: 15.9% as-fed), iso-starch (9.1%) and iso-ADF (21.4%) diets formulated in a bi-factorial arrangement, with three soluble fibre levels (LS: 5.8% vs. MS: 7.4% vs. HS: 8.5%) and two protein sources (Soy: soybean meal vs. Sun: sunflower meal). The increase in dietary soluble fibre level linearly increased (PL<0.001) in vivo digestibility of dry matter (from 55.4 to 61.3%), gross energy and fibre fractions (from 14.8 to 25.7% for acid detergent fibre; from 40.3 to 49.2% for insoluble hemicelluloses; from 85.0 to 93.9% for soluble fibre). Replacing soybean with sunflower meal tended to decrease crude protein digestibility (73.1 vs. 72.6%, P=0.058) and reduced acid detergent fibre digestibility (22.0 vs. 18.4%, P<0.001), while improving ether extract digestibility (69.3 vs. 70.8, P<0.001). The nutritive values of the experimental diets increased with soluble fibre level (digestible energy from 9.0 to 9.9 MJ/kg) regardless of the protein source. Intestinal mucosa traits at 56 d of age were not affected, while caecal pH linearly decreased (from 6.19 to 5.97; PL=0.017) with increasing dietary soluble fibre. During the trial, health problems were moderate (mortality 3.4% and morbidity 15.6%) and not affected by feeding treatments. With increasing soluble fibre level, rabbit daily weight gain and final live weight linearly increased (PL=0.045) and feed conversion improved (from 3.55 to 3.30, PL<0.001). Protein source did not affect intestinal traits or growth performance. Slaughter results and meat quality were unaffected by feeding treatments.The present study was funded by MIUR (PRIN 2005 – Prot. 2005070702). The authors wish to thank Dr. Andrea Zuffellato (Veronesi Verona S.p.A.) for his technical assistance during the trial.Trocino, A.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Radaelli, G.; Xiccato, G. (2010). Effect of dietary soluble fibre level and protein source on growth, digestion, caecal activity and health of fattening rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 18(4):199-210. doi:10.4995/wrs.2010.77919921018

Lepton flavor changing higgs boson decays in some extensions of the Standard Model

We present our results for the one-loop contributions to the Higgs boson flavor-changing decays h → μτ in two extensions of the Standard Model: the Little Higgs Model with T-parity and the Two Higgs Doublet Model with a fourth generation of fermions. In both cases we find that the respective branching ratio BR(h → μτ) is of order 10−4 – 10−6. In the case of the 4G2HDM, the one-loop radiative correction is of the same order of magnitude as the tree level branching ratio. We find that in both models the branching ratios for the decay modes h → eτ, eμ are even more suppressed

Lepton flavor changing higgs boson decays in a two higgs doublet model with a fourth generation of fermions

We analyze the flavor changing decay h → μt in the framework of a two Higgs doublet model with a fourth generation of fermions (4G2HDM) which couples only to the heavy scalar doublet. We find that the respective branching ratio at one-loop level can reach values as high as 10-4-10-6 for masses of 300 GeV-1 TeV for the heavy leptons in the fourth family and the new heavy Higgs bosons. These radiative corrections are of the same order of magnitude as the tree level prediction of the 4G2HDM

Design and implementation of a soft-decision decoder for Cortex codes

International audienceCortex codes are a family of rate-1/2 self-dual systematic linear block codes with good distance properties. This paper investigates the challenging issue of designing an efficient soft-decision decoder for Cortex codes. A dedicated algorithm is introduced that takes advantage of the particular structure of the code to simplify the decoding. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an excellent trade-off between performance and complexity for short Cortex codes. A decoder architecture for the (32,16,8) Cortex code based on the (4,2,2) Hadamard code has been successfully designed and implemented on FPGA device. To our knowledge, this is the first efficient digital implementation of a soft-decision Cortex decoder

Bacterias endofitas: un nuevo campo de investigación para el desarrollo del sector agropecuario

The endophytic bacteria living within the tissues of the plants at least during part of their life cycle without causing any damage to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship where both benefit. The endophytic bacteria play a wide variety of roles as promoters of plant growth, biological control on a variety of pathogens, improve process efficiency of phytoremediation of toxic compound in the rhizosphere. These microorganisms are inexhaustible sources of over 20.000 biologically active compounds, which have a direct bearing on the performance and survival of host plants. The endophytic bacteria are reported to produce a number of metabolites such as antibiotics, secondary metabolites including some antitumor compounds and anti-inflammatory agents.Las bacterias endófitas habitan dentro de los tejidos de las plantas al menos durante una parte de su ciclo de vida sin causar daño alguno al hospedero, establecen asociación simbiótica y producen grandes beneficios para las plantas. Las bacterias endófitas cumplen una gran diversidad de funciones como promotoras de crecimiento vegetal, control biológico sobre una diversidad de fitopatógenos, mejoran la eficiencia de los procesos de fitoremediación de compuesto tóxicos en la rizósfera. Estos microorganismo son fuentes inagotable de más de 20.000 compuestos biológicamente activos, los cuales influyen de manera directa en el rendimiento y supervivencia de las plantas hospederas. Las bacterias endófitas son reportadas por producir un número de metabolitos como antibióticos, metabolitos secundarios incluyendo algunos compuestos antitumorales, agentes antiinflamatorios

Diversidad de bacterias endofitas asociadas a cultivo de arroz en el departamento de Cordoba-Colombia. Estudio preliminar

Endophytic bacteria living within the plant without causing damage to them. Their presence has been linked to increased crop productivity because it produces growth hormones, pathogens or antagonists can fix nitrogen. This study examined the composition of communities of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with different tissues of four commercial varieties of rice in the department of Cordoba. For isolation technique used tissue surface disinfection, the isolation was performed on R2A agar medium. The population density (CFU / g of tissue) was performed by counting of colonies on plate. The statistical significance between population density relative to tissues and variety was made using multivariate analysis and multiple range test (Tukey). The results show that there is a population density of endophytic bacteria associated with rice plants, the abundance is related to the tissue and the variety studied. This preliminary study initiates the knowledge of these bacterial communities and functionality that might be carrying in this plant species.Las bacterias endófitas viven en el interior de las plantas sin causar daño en ellas. Su presencia ha sido relacionada con un aumento en la productividad de los cultivos debido a que produce hormonas de crecimiento, antagonistas de patógenos o pueden fijar nitrógeno. En este trabajo se estudió la composición de comunidades de bacterias endófitas cultivables asociadas a diferentes tejidos de cuatro variedades comerciales de arroz del departamento de Córdoba. Para el aislamiento se utilizó técnica de desinfección superficial de tejidos, el aislamiento se llevó a cabo en medio de cultivo agar R2A. La densidad poblacional (UFC/g de tejido) se realizó por conteo de colonias en placa. Las significancias estadísticas entre densidad poblacional, con relación a tejidos y variedad, se hizo mediante análisis multifactorial y prueba múltiple de rango (Tukey). Los resultados muestran que existe una densidad poblacional de bacterias endófitas asociadas a plantas de arroz; la abundancia está relacionada con el tejido y la variedad estudiada. Este estudio preliminar da inicio al conocimiento de esas comunidades bacterianas y la funcionalidad que puedan estar ejerciendo en esta especie vegetal

Bacterias endófitas: una alternativa biologica para el control de burkholderia glumae en el cultivo del arroz en colombia.

Research common in microbial ecology have been directed toward the plantmicrobe interactions from the point of view of symbiotic and pathogenic. Endophytic bacteria reside in plant tissues mainly in intercellular, rarely in intracellular spaces and inside vascular tissues without causing symptoms of disease. The penetration in the plant can by stomates, wounds, areas of emergence by lateral roots, being that these bacteria can produce hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the cell wall of vegetables. Recent molecular studies on endophytic diversity bacteria have revealed a large richness of species, endophytes promote plants growth and yield, suppress pathogens, may help to remove contaminants, solubilize phosphate and contribute assimilation biological nitrogen to plant.Las investigaciones más comunes en ecología microbiana, han sido orientadas a las interacciones microbio-planta desde el punto de vista simbiótico y de patogénico. Las bacterias endófitas colonizan el interior de los tejidos de las plantas, principalmente espacios intercelulares, raramente en espacios intracelulares y dentro de tejidos vasculares sin causar síntomas de enfermedad en la planta. La penetración en la planta puede ocurrir por estomas, heridas, áreas de emergencia de raíces laterales, siendo que estas bacterias pueden producir enzimas hidrolíticas capaces de degradar la pared celular de los vegetales. Estudios moleculares reciente sobre diversidad de bacterias endófitas han revelado una alta riqueza de filotipos, que promueven el crecimiento de las planta, suprimen fitopatógenos, ayudan a remover contaminantes, solubilizan fosfato y contribuyen a la asimilación biológica de nitrógeno

The role of intercropping on insects diversity in dryland field crops in a Mediterranean site

This work aims to evaluate the effect of crop type and density on insects’ community in the Mediterranean re-gion. In winter of 2004, four 35m x 10m blocks (replicates) were delimited and 24 equidistant 2m x 3m plots were marked. Seven crop types (barley, vetch, turnip, barley-vetch, barley-turnip, vetch-turnip and barley-vetch-turnip) at three densities were randomly established within each block. Fifteen crop shoots per plot were randomly collected in May to evaluate insect’s abundance and diversity. Our results suggest that inter-crop has a positive effect on abundance of most exam-ined groups of insects and diversity, specifically when vetch is incorporated in the mixture. Changes in abun-dance of aphids, trips and ants are also discussed connected with vetch presence

Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de melia azederach sobre aislados de colletotrichum spp

The study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of leaf extract of Melia azedarach L on fungi isolated from Colletotrichum sp, which causes anthracnose disease of yam cultivation in the department of Sucre, Colombia. Total extracts were obtained in ethanol from the dried leaves of M. azederach by Soxhlet extraction method and from the extracts, were prepared with liquid-liquid splits light petroleum (E. petrol) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt). Total ethanolic extract and two fractions were prepared different concentrations (ppm) and its activity was evaluated in vitro in 4 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. Isolates that showed increased susceptibility to the extracts were C040 and C853 compared to C279 and C507 who were resistant to the activity of the extract. Greater antifungal activity was observed in total ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from 50 ppm. The phytochemical screening performed in M, azederach, indicated the presence of secondary metabolites such terpenes/sterols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and anthocyanins. This is the first draft you have in Colombia on the in vitro effect of plant extract of this plant species on the growth of fungi isolated from the genus Colletotrichum sp causing anthracnose disease of yam cultivation in the Colombian Caribbean región.El estudio consistió en evaluar in vitro la actividad antifúngica del extracto de hoja de Melia azederach L sobre aislados de hongos del género Colletotrichum sp, causante de la enfermedad de la antracnosis en el cultivo del ñame en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Fueron obtenidos extractos totales en etanol a partir de hojas secas de M. azederach mediante el método de extracción por Soxhlet y a partir del extracto total, se prepararon fraccionamientos líquido-líquido con éter de petróleo (E. petrol) y acetato de etilo (AcOEt). Del extracto total etanólico y las dos fracciones se prepararon diferentes concentraciones (ppm) y su actividad fue evaluada in vitro sobre 4 aislados de Colletotrichum sp. Los aislados que mostraron mayor susceptibilidad a los extractos fueron C040 y C853 con respecto a C279 y C507 quienes presentaron resistencia a la actividad del extracto. Se observó mayor actividad antifúngica con el extracto total etanólico, y la fracción acetato de etilo a partir de 50 ppm. El screening fitoquímico realizado en M. azederach, indicó presencia de metabolitos secundarios tipo terpenos/ esteroles, alcaloides, saponinas, taninos y antocianinas. Este es el primer preliminar que se tiene en Colombia sobre el efecto in vitro del extracto vegetal de esta especie de planta sobre el crecimientos de aislados de hongos del genero Colletotrichum sp causante de la enfermedad de antracnosis en el cultivo de ñame en regiones Caribeñas de Colombia

Evidencias psicométricas de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) en estudiantes de institutos de la ciudad de Trujillo

La actual investigación tiene como propósito determinar las Evidencias Psicométricas de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) en 550 estudiantes de 3 institutos de la ciudad de Trujillo, con edades entre los 18 a 45 años. Teniendo como resultado la validez basadas en la estructura interna, a través, del análisis factorial confirmatorio en el modelo de tres factores relacionados con 18 ítems originales, mostrando valores no satisfactorios en los ítems 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 17 y 18 pues presentan cargas factoriales con valores bajos de -.14 a. 41 y valores de .52 a .74 en los demás ítems, además, correlaciones entre los factores latentes de -.63 a .44., con índices de ajuste comparativo TLI .415 y CFI .495, ajuste persimonioso PNFI .411 y PCFI .427 y ajuste global con RMSEA .139 y pclose <.001. En cuanto a los coeficientes de confiabilidad estimados de forma puntual e intervalica de los estadísticos de confiabilidad Omega con valores entre .39 a .72 y el Coeficiente H con valores entre .65 a .77 en el modelo de tres factores relacionados de 18 ítems. Mientras que el modelo reducido 3FR10 presenta mejores valores en el coeficiente Omega de .64 a .74 y en el coeficiente H de .65 a .78