To put an end to car dependence - Final report of the scoping review of the literature on the modal shift from the car to alternative modes 2010-2020

This research answers the following question: what are the main modal shift strategies discussed in the literature of the last 10 years? It also undertakes to analyze the impacts of each of the strategies present in the literature. It presents a scoping review of the literature aiming to draw an up-to-date portrait of the abundant literature on modal shift in order to synthesize it and present it in an organized manner and draw conclusions for future research and transport and development policies aimed at reducing automobile dependence and inducing a modal shift from the automobile to alternative modes of transport. We reviewed 2,872 studies published between 2010 and 2020 and retained 108 that we analyzed in detail. More than two thirds of studies report positive results of modal shift from the car towards alternative mobility. This leads us to believe that it is possible to implement public policies to facilitate modal shift and thus help reduce car dependence. A large majority of research on public transport reports positive examples. However, for studies on active transportation, we note that almost all of the research (92%) reports successes. By paying attention to the degree of coercion of the interventions investigated in the literature, we see that the “carrot” measures which seek to induce the modal shift by offering a benefit are more successful than the “stick” type measures which aim to restrict certain choices (pricing, tolls, reduction of parking spaces). However, research on the “carrot and stick” combination approach reports the most positive results. This leads us to conclude that research on this type of intervention should continue to be developed, even encouraged, and to suggest that public decision-makers take into account the beneficial effects for modal shift resulting from the combination of the two types of interventions simultaneously “carrot and stick”

An improved resource reservation protocol

The classical resource reservation protocol (RSVP) is a flow-based signaling protocol used for reserving resources in the network for a given session. RSVP maintains state information for each reservation at every router along the path. Even though this protocol is very popular, he has some weaknesses. Indeed, RSVP does not include a bidirectional reservation process and it requires refresh messages to maintain the soft states in the routers for each session. In this paper, we propose a senderoriented version of RSVP that can reserve the resources in both directions with only one message, thus reducing the delay for establishing the reservations. We also suggest a refreshment mechanism without any refresh message which could be applied to any soft states protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol is approximately twice faster than RSVPv2 for establishing bidirectional reservations with almost no control overhead during the session

A centralized and dynamic network congestion classification approach for heterogeneous vehicular networks

ABSTRACT: Network congestion-related studies consist mainly of two parts: congestion detection and congestion control. Several researchers have proposed different mechanisms to control congestion and used channel loads or other factors to detect congestion. However, the number of studies concerning congestion detection and going beyond into congestion prediction is low. On this basis, we decide to propose a method for congestion prediction using supervised machine learning. In this paper, we propose a Naive Bayesian network congestion warning classification method for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks (HetVNETs) using simulated data that can be locally applied in a fog device in a HetVNET. In addition, we propose a centralized and dynamic cloud-fog-based architecture for HetVNET. The Naive Bayesian network congestion warning classification method can be applied in this architecture. Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Random Forest classifiers, which are popular methods in classification problems, are considered to generate congestion warning prediction models. Numerical results show that the proposed Naive Bayesian classifier is more reliable and stable and can accurately predict the data flow warning state in HetVNET. Moreover, based on the obtained simulation results, applying the proposed congestion classification approach can improve the network’s performance in terms of the packet loss ratio, average delay and average throughput, especially in the dense vehicular environments of HetVNET

A network management framework using mobile agents

Network management of heterogeneous networks is still hard to achieve automatically and efficiently. In this study, we present a framework that has the ability to perform network management tasks on heterogeneous networks using mobile agents. This framework handles the inability of many network devices to run mobile agents. While the main focus of the project is the framework, we present an example of mobile agents that are able to locate a fixed set of network failures and detect the possible causes accurately. Experimental results show that some network management tasks can be more easily executed by mobile agents. In particular, search and diagnostic mobile agents are able to find more precisely a cause of a network failure by finding alternate paths to gather more data about the failure

Pour en finir avec la dépendance automobile : rapport final de l’étude de la portée de la littérature sur le transfert modal de la voiture aux modes alternatifs 2010-2020

Cette recherche répond à la question suivante : quelles sont les principales stratégies de transfert modal discutées dans la littérature des 10 dernières années. Elle entreprend aussi d’analyser les impacts de chacune des stratégies présentes dans littérature. Elle présente une étude de la portée de la littérature visant à dresser un portrait à jour de l’abondante littérature sur le transfert modal afin de la synthétiser et de la présenter de façon organisée et d’en tirer des constats pour la recherche future et les politiques de transport et d’aménagement visant à réduire la dépendance automobile et à induire un transfert modal de l’automobile vers les modes de transports alternatifs. Nous avons révisé 2872 études publiées entre 2010-2020 et en avons retenu 108 que nous avons analysées en détail. Plus de deux tiers des études rapportent des résultats positifs de transfert modal de la voiture au profit des mobilités alternatives. Ce qui nous porte à croire qu’il est possible de mettre en place des politiques publiques afin de faciliter le transfert modal et d’ainsi contribuer à réduire la dépendance à l’automobile. Parmi les recherches portant sur les transports en commun, une grande majorité rapporte des exemples positifs. Cependant, du côté des études portant sur le transport actif, nous notons que la presque totalité des recherches (92 %) rapporte des succès. En portant attention au degré de coercition des interventions enquêtées dans la littérature, on constate que les mesures « carotte » qui cherchent à induire le transfert modal en offrant un bénéfice ont plus de succès que les mesures de type « bâton » qui visent à restreindre certains choix (tarification, péage, diminution des espaces de stationnement). Cependant, les recherches portant sur la combinaison « carotte et bâton » rapportent les résultats les plus positifs. Ceci nous amène à conclure que la recherche sur ce type d’intervention devrait continuer à être développée, voire encouragée, et à suggérer aux décideurs publics de tenir compte des effets bénéfiques pour le transfert modal provenant de la combinaison des deux types d’interventions simultanément « carotte et bâton »

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 12 (3-4)

Mot de l'éditeur -- Au micro de CJBR -- La grande histoire de CJBR -- Jules-A. Brillant et le poste CJBR -- Avec CJBR, un bon en avant pour le Bas St-Laurent -- CJBR, l'école -- L'annonceur: un éducateur populaire -- Sandy Burgess : le journaliste que j'ai connu -- "Ce pays qui est le mien" -- Un demi-siècle d'information: que de nouvelles! -- Journaliste de père en fils à CJBR -- Le théâtre à CJBR -- 50 ans de musique à CJBR, le château fort de la mélodie française -- Poésie, théâtre, jazz et originalité avec Michel Garneau -- Les "Chroniques du dimanche", l'âge d'or de la critique culturelle à CJBR -- "Si CJBR m'était conté..." -- L'évolution technologique, un élément-clef de l'histoire des 50 ans de radiodiffusion -- La publicité à CJBR, quarante ans de croissance -- Des pionnières à CJBR -- 1958-1972, des années enrichissantes -- De Trois-Pistoles à Rimouski -- Le sport et son enracinement dans le milieu régional -- "Debout c'est l'heure", c'est Jean Brisson qui sonne le réveil -- "Par une belle journée de tempête" -- Et on repart vers la centain

Le FORUM, Vol. 34 No. 2

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1026/thumbnail.jp