Evaluation of teeth injuries in Beagle dogs caused by autoclaved beef bones used as a chewing item to remove dental calculus

Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions—complications related to bone ingestion—were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation

Intervenções na distância econômica entre Brasil e Argentina a partir da constituição do Mercosul

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar os impactos das medidas protecionistas entre Brasil e Argentina, que culminaram em disputas comerciais no tribunal da OMC, na distância econômica bilateral. Foi utilizado o método de séries temporais ARIMA com intervenções ao longo do Mercosul. Foram identificadas três demandas para solução de controvérsias na OMC, mas somente o período relativo ao caso de resinas “PET” (DS355) apresentou impacto significativo. Adicionalmente, foram identificados três períodos significativos em relação ao mercado internacional que interferiram na relação em análise: A crise argentina de 2001/2002, a crise financeira de 2008/2009 e a barreira comercial imposta pela Argentina em 2012. Foi concluído que as medidas protecionistas que se tornaram controvérsias na OMC não necessariamente retardaram o processo de integração econômica comercial

A valoração ecossistêmica da área afetada pela barragem 1 da Vale S.A – Brumadinho/MG: uma analise pautada na teoria da sociedade de risco e do decrescimento

The present work analyzed through interdisciplinarity the effects caused by environmental and social crime resulting from the rupture of dam 1, the Córrego do Feijão mine, in the municipality of Brumadinho/MG, belonging to the company Vale S/A. Addressed along four important theseaxes, such as: risk society, economic degrowth, ecosystem services and environmental value. Due to the greater impact of the disruption being related to human lives, going in the opposite direction to what occurred in Mariana/MG, the central objective was to value the affected area, which reached the amount of R$189,712,676.15/year. This value should be understood as a minimum value for the loss of ecosystems, so that it can assist in public policies based on the future, seeking sustainable development, so that the mineral sector can represent itself as a gift to society. In this sense, the theories of risk society and economic degrowth offer us a critical reflection of the current explorer model in Brazil, since by the inductive qualitative method it is perceived that these riches constitute a curse to the territories, these objects being to a subject company. Keywords: Ecosystem Evaluation. Risk Society. Degrowth. Ecological Economy. Corporate Crimes.El presente trabajo analizó a través de la interdisciplinariedad los efectos causados por la delincuencia ambiental y social resultante de la ruptura de la presa 1, la mina Córrego do Feijáo, en el municipio de Brumadinho/MG, perteneciente a la empresa Vale S/A. Se dirigió a lo largo de cuatro importantes tedos, tales como: sociedad de riesgo, crecimiento económico, servicios ecosistémicos y valor ambiental. Debido al mayor impacto de que la perturbación esté relacionada con las vidas humanas, yendo en la dirección opuesta a lo que ocurrió en Mariana/MG, el objetivo central era valorar la zona afectada, que alcanzó la cantidad de R$ 189.712.676.15/año. Este valor debe entenderse como un valor mínimo para la pérdida de ecosistemas, de modo que pueda ayudar en políticas públicas basadas en el futuro, buscando un desarrollo sostenible, para que el sector mineral pueda representarse a sí mismo como un regalo para la sociedad. En este sentido, las teorías de la sociedad de riesgo y el decrecimiento económico nos ofrecen un reflejo crítico del modelo de explorador actual en Brasil, ya que por el método cualitativo inductivo se percibe que estas riquezas constituyen una maldición para los territorios, siendo estos objetos a una empresa sujeta. Palabras clave: Evaluación de Ecosistemas. Sociedad de Riesgo. Crecimiento. Economía Ecológica. Delitos Corporativos.O presente trabalho analisou por meio da interdisciplinaridade os efeitos causados pelo crime ambiental e social oriundos do rompimento da barragem 1, da mina do Córrego do Feijão, no município de Brumadinho/MG, pertencente a empresa Vale S/A. Abordou ao longo de quatro eixos teses importantes, como: sociedade de risco, decrescimento econômico, serviços ecossistêmicos e valoração ambiental. Devido ao maior impacto do rompimento estar relacionado as vidas humanas, indo em direção contrária ao ocorrido em Mariana/MG, o objetivo central consistiu em valorar a área atingida, que se chegou ao montante de R$ 189.712.676,15/ano. Esse valor deve ser entendido como um valor mínimo pela perda dos ecossistemas, para que possa auxiliar em políticas públicas pautadas no devir, buscando um desenvolvimento sustentável, para que o setor mineral se reapresente como uma dádiva a sociedade. Nesse sentido, as teorias da sociedade de risco e do decrescimento econômico nos oferece uma reflexão crítica ao atual modelo explorador no Brasil, visto que pelo método qualitativo indutivo se percebe que essas riquezas se constituem uma maldição aos territórios, sendo esses objetos a uma empresa sujeito. Palavras chave: Valoração Ecossistêmica. Sociedade de Risco. Decrescimento. Economia Ecológica. Crimes Corporativos

Estrutura de capital e assimetria de informação: um estudo em empresas brasileiras de capital aberto dos setores têxtil e de energia elétrica

Given the various theories of capital structure and the Pecking Order theory, the present study related the information asymmetry and the capital structure of companies aiming to verify if information asymmetry affects the definition of the capital structure of Brazilian companies held in the electric power industry and textile. The research involved a sample of 53 companies, 31 of the electricity and 22 textiles sector during the years 2008 to 2012. The methodology used was regression with panel data, it allows the same unit cross-sectional monitored over time. The results showed that information asymmetry is an important determinant of capital structure, but that the sectors diverge with respect to the Pecking Order Theory. In the case of the energy sector to reduce information asymmetry led to a propensity for debt, while the textile sector, the opposite occurred, as companies less susceptible to information asymmetry are averse to debt.Diante das diversas teorias a respeito da estrutura de capital e da teoria da Pecking Order, o presente trabalho buscou relacionar a assimetria de informação com a estrutura de capital das empresas, com o intuito de verificar se a assimetria de informação interfere na definição da estrutura do capital nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto do setor de energia elétrica e têxtil. A pesquisa contou com uma amostra de 53 empresas, sendo 31 do setor de energia elétrica e 22 do setor têxtil, nos anos compreendidos de 2008 a 2012. A metodologia utilizada foi regressão com dados em painel, pois permite que a mesma unidade de corte transversal seja acompanhada ao longo do tempo. Os resultados apontaram que a assimetria de informação é um determinante da estrutura de capital, mas que os setores divergem entre si com relação à teoria da Pecking Order. No caso do setor de energia, a redução da assimetria de informação levou a uma propensão ao endividamento, enquanto no setor de têxtil ocorreu o inverso, visto que empresas menos passíveis de assimetria informacional são avessas ao endividamento

Evaluation of teeth injuries in Beagle dogs caused by autoclaved beef bones used as a chewing item to remove dental calculus.

Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions-complications related to bone ingestion-were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation

CONCENTRAÇÃO ESPACIAL NA INDÚSTRIA DO CAFÉ EM MINAS GERAIS

Brazilian Industrial Policy of 2011/2014 had the goal of mapping regions for Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) in the roasting coffee sector, given that this type of organization has emerged as a strategy to overcome production barriers and to stimulate regional development. This work was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concentration of coffee industry in the municipalities of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to delimit the locations with potential for structuring LPAs. This concentration was analyzed by means of spatial relations between municipalities. With this, we calculated the spatial autocorrelation between municipalities using the Global and Local Moran Index. The results allowed us to delimit two locations with the greatest potential to form LPAs in the coffee industry, given that they met the criteria related to the index, participation in employment and number of establishments throughout the period of analysis. The locations were municipalities Capelina and Ervália. Neighboring towns with roasting coffee activity should also participate in the industrial organization model

O custo financeiro dos tributos sobre consumo nas cadeias de suprimento brasileiras: uma proposta metodológica

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2016v13n29p91Among the main tax discussions in Brazil is the fact that indirect taxes greatly increases the product prices and consequently influence the consumption pattern. This work aimed to propose a model to measure the financial cost of excise taxes along one supply chain and analyze the sensitivity of this cost in relation to time and added value. Equations were developed with tax incidence, based on the current legislation and were applied in a simulated supply chain. Finally, was performed a sensitivity analysis by linear regression in 200 hypothetical supply chains. These analyzes confirmed the thesis that the longer the production chain and the greater are the added values in the initial links, the greater is the financial cost. It can be concluded that the model is applicable and that the financial cost of taxes influences the final selling price of the products.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2016v13n29p91Entre as principais discussões fiscais no Brasil está o fato de os tributos indiretos onerarem sobremaneira os preços dos produtos e, consequentemente, influenciarem o padrão de consumo. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de propor um modelo para mensurar o custo financeiro dos tributos sobre consumo ao longo das cadeias de suprimentos e analisar a sensibilidade desse custo em relação ao tempo e ao valor agregado. Foram elaboradas equações com as incidências tributárias baseadas na legislação vigente, que foram aplicadas em uma cadeia de suprimentos simulada. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise de sensibilidade, por meio de regressão linear, em 200 cadeias hipotéticas. Essas análises corroboraram a tese de que quanto mais longa é a cadeia produtiva e quanto maior forem os valores agregados nos elos iniciais, maior será o custo financeiro. Pode-se concluir que o modelo é aplicável e que o custo financeiro dos tributos influencia o preço final de venda dos produtos.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2016v13n29p91Entre las principales discusiones fiscales en Brasil es el hecho de que los impuestos indirectos gravan considerablemente los precios de productos y, por consiguiente influyen en el patrón de consumo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo proponer un modelo para medir el costo financiero de los impuestos sobre el consumo a lo largo de la cadena de suministro y analizar la sensibilidad de este costo en relación con el tiempo y el valor añadido. Se desarrollaron ecuaciones con incidencias fiscales, en base a la legislación vigente que y se aplicaron en una cadena de suministro simulada. Por último, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad mediante regresión lineal en 200 cadenas hipotéticas. Estos análisis confirman la tesis de que cuanto mayor sea la cadena de producción y mayores son los valores agregados en los enlaces iniciales, mayor es el costo financiero. Se puede concluir que el modelo es aplicable y que el costo financiero de los impuestos influye en el precio de venta final de los productos.

Contribuição da modelagem de valores atípicos na previsão da arrecadação do ICMS do Estado de Minas Gerais

Tax revenue forecasting is considered a useful tool for policy makers and is also required by law (Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal). This study aimed to estimate a predictive model for state tax (ICMS) collection by the government of Minas Gerais from January 1998 to August 2011. The method used was time series analysis through Box-Jenkins´ family of models. According to the results, the SARIMAX method, which considered different events of the historical pattern of the series, showed better performance with regard to error measurements compared to the ARIMA, ARFIMA and SARIMA methods. We concluded that the modeling of outliers contributed to a better forecasting of state tax (ICMS) revenue in Minas Gerais and, consequently, should be taken into account by policy makers