CARBON IN SOIL IN DIFFERENT PHISIONOMIES OF CAATINGA IN PARAÍBA, BRAZIL

The devastation of the caatinga vegetation by disorderly exploration has led to the intensification of carbon release, modifying the capacity of soils to stock this element. The study aimed to determine the stock of organic carbon in Caatinga areas. Which it was conducted in the city of Várzea, state of Paraíba in Brazil, in four areas with vegetation in different successional stages. Soil samples were collected to determine the levels of carbon in 04 depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm) in two seasons of the year. The averages of the carbon were compared by Tukey test. The amounts of carbon in the soil showed significant differences in the factors of time, study area and depth. In the dry season, the quantities and the carbon stock were higher than those registered in the rainy season in all the studied areas, being Late Secondary Caatinga and Preserved Caatinga the areas with the highest values. The Late Secondary Caatinga had the highest carbon stock (33.01 Mg ha-1) in the rainy season. On the other hand, in the dry season, the highest carbon stock was in Preserved Caatinga (49.77 Mg ha-1). Larger amounts of organic carbon were found in the area of Preserved Caatinga, being the higher carbon concentrations recorded in the dry season

Microalgae Growth under Mixotrophic Condition Using Agro-Industrial Waste: A Review

Microalgae has a great potential to produce biofuels and bioproduct but the cost is still too high mainly due to the biomass production. Mixotrophic cultivation has been pointed as microalgae cultivation mode for biomass/bioenergy production with lower cost and able to make remediation of organic waste. The proposals of this work was to make a review of microalgae growth under mixotrophic condition using agro-industrial waste. Agro-industrial by-products and wastes are of great interest as cultivation medium for microorganisms because of their low cost, renewable nature, and abundance. However biotechnological technologies are necessary to develop the production of microalgae on a large scale

Feasibility of reducing frailty components in older adults with Alzheimer's dementia:a randomized controlled home-based exercise trial (AD-HOMEX)

Objectives: There is a need for interventions to reduce frailty in older people with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a home-based multimodal exercise program for older adults with AD (AD-HOMEX) on frailty. Design: A parallel single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing a home-based exercise program and usual care. Setting and participants: A home-based program in Brazil. Forty individuals aged 65 years or older with mild to moderate AD. Methods: The intervention group (IG) participated in a 16-week protocol involving three 60-minute sessions per week of progressive individualized physical exercises supervised by a physical therapist. The participants in the control group (CG) maintained their usual care. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL questionnaire, the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and a subjective assessment by the evaluator (SAE) at baseline and follow-up. Per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-five participants completed the program (IG = 16; CG = 19). Frailty improved in the IG based on the EFS (P = .004) and FRAIL (P Conclusions and implications: AD-HOMEX seems to reduce frailty and improve frailty transition patterns. Our findings provide a further theoretical basis for designing home-based physical interventions as routine practice for older frail adults with AD

Eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de terapia nutricional enteral

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de nutrição enteral em pacientes de um hospital público do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo quantitativo, longitudinal e descritivo, realizado de janeiro a maio de 2012, com acompanhamento de 46 pacientes internados nas unidades de Terapia Intensiva e Clínica Médica. Para avaliação dos eventos adversos, utilizaram-se os indicadores de qualidade: saída inadvertida, obstrução da sonda e volume de dieta infundido. Para as análises, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Como resultados, a saída inadvertida da sonda e a obstrução apresentaram taxas de incidência de 4,6% e 2,1%, respectivamente. O volume de dieta infundido foi inferior ao prescrito, por pausa para higiene corporal, exames e procedimentos, náusea/vômito e demora na instalação do frasco por indisponibilidade na unidade. Conclui-se que a utilização de indicadores dequalidade na avaliação da assistência pode auxiliar na redução de danos ao paciente.Descritores: Enfermagem. Nutrição enteral. Indicadores de qualidade em assistência à saúde. Segurança do paciente

Piceatannol Increases Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Cell Death in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast under Oxidative Stress

Piceatannol is a resveratrol metabolite that is considered a potent antioxidant and cytoprotector because of its high capacity to chelate/sequester reactive oxygen species. In pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species is closely related to the disorder in the cells and may cause changes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, which is implicated in oxidative stress status or even in cell death. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate piceatannol as cytoprotector in culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through in vitro analyses of cell viability and oxidative stress parameters after oxidative stress induced as an injury simulator. Fibroblasts were seeded and divided into the following study groups: control, vehicle, control piceatannol, H2O2 exposure, and H2O2 exposure combined with the maintenance in piceatannol ranging from 0.1 to 20 µM. The parameters analyzed following exposure were cell viability by trypan blue exclusion test, general metabolism status by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, mitochondrial activity through the ATP production, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced gluthatione. Piceatannol was shown to be cytoprotective due the maintenance of cell viability between 1 and 10 µM even in the presence of H2O2. In a concentration of 0.1 µM piceatannol decreased significantly cell viability but increased cellular metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the fibroblasts. On the other hand, the fibroblasts treated with piceatannol at 1 µM presented low metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, piceatannol did not protect cells from mitochondrial damage as measured by ATP production. In summary, piceatannol is a potent antioxidant in low concentrations with cytoprotective capacity, but it does not prevent all damage caused by hydrogen peroxide

Rede de cuidado à pessoa com deficiência / Healthcare network for people with disability

Esse é um projeto interdisciplinar, educacional e cultural, para promover a interação entre as instituições de ensino superior e a sociedade. Dessa maneira, procura-se formar médicos humanistas, reflexivos e com uma visão integral da saúde.  Diante disso, os alunos realizaram um projeto para levar informações sobre a temática da Rede de Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Deficiência para a comunidade, enfatizando os direitos relacionados à saúde dessas pessoas. Portanto, objetivou-se informar a população acerca do direito ao acesso e atendimento às pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência, garantir o respeito aos direitos humanos e promover a equidade e inclusão social. O grupo buscou informações sobre a Rede de Cuidado à Pessoa com deficiência em documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde, legislações e portarias. Para a divulgação do tema, foi criado um perfil na rede social Instagram intitulado “Saúde e Acessibilidade”. Durante a ação, foram desenvolvidas nove postagens de caráter educativo direcionados à população em geral. A página criada no Instagram @rededeatencao.def atingiu a marca de 330 seguidores. Com isso, conclui-se que os resultados foram atingidos com a divulgação da Rede de Atenção à Pessoa com Deficiência com 457 curtidas e 70 comentários nas publicações

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Interspecies and Intrastrain Interplay among Leishmania spp. Parasites

Leishmania parasites present astonishing adaptative abilities that represent a matter of life or death within disparate environments during the heteroxenous parasite life cycle. From an evolutionary perspective, organisms develop methods of overcoming such challenges. Strategies that extend beyond the genetic diversity have been discussed and include variability between parasite cells during the infections of their hosts. The occurrence of Leishmania subpopulation fluctuations with variable structural genomic contents demonstrates that a single strain might shelter the variability required to overcome inconsistent environments. Such intrastrain variability provides parasites with an extraordinary ability to adapt and thus survive and propagate. However, different perspectives on this evolution have been proposed. Strains or species living in the same environment can cooperate but also compete. These interactions might increase the replication rate of some parasites but cause the loss of more aggressive competitors for others. Adaptive responses to intra- and interspecific competition can evolve as a fixed strategy (replication is adapted to the average genetic complexity of infections) or an optional strategy (replication varies according to the genetic complexity of the current infection). This review highlights the complexity of interspecies and intrastrain interactions among Leishmania parasites as well as the different factors that influence this interplay

O Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem em Educação em Saúde no Município Brasileiro de Lages

As questões que envolvem o ensino e a aprendizagem encontram-se inseridas em variadas situações. No Brasil, encontramos processos ensino-aprendizagem nas escolas, universidades, cursos técnicos, na área da saúde, dentre muitas outras áreas. Quando pensamos a questão da educação em saúde, principalmente nas unidades básicas de saúde, devemos questionar como ocorre essa relação entre a comunidade e os profissionais. O método Paulo Freire é mais do que um instrumento pedagógico, caracterizando-se também como uma ferramenta de emancipação cultural e social. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa objetivou compreender como acontece o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Educação em Saúde em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município brasileiro de Lages, a partir do método de Paulo Freire. Duas profissionais da saúde responderam a um questionário semiestruturado e a partir de suas respostas, concluímos que existem variados impedimentos para que ocorra um efetivo processo de ensino e aprendizagem nas unidades básicas de saúde