SISTEMA DE PROTECCION SOCIAL EN SALUD. ANALISIS DEL PROGRAMA SEGURO MEDICO PARA UNA NUEVA GENERACION 2007-2012

El objetivo general de la presente investigación es conocer y evaluar el cumplimiento de las metas establecidas para el programa Seguro Médico para una nueva generación, ya que se considera que a mayor atención preventiva de niños menores de 5 años, menor será el índice de enfermedades catastróficas y por ende habrá una reducción de la tasa de mortalidad infantil, y la disminución del gasto de bolsillo se verá reflejado en la reducción de la pobrez

ACTIVATING THE 4-1BB PATHWAY FOR THE EXPANSION OF TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES FOR ADOPTIVE T-CELL THERAPY FOR METASTATIC MELANOMA PATIENTS

This dissertation project focused on improving the quality of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) used in Adoptive T-cell therapy by understanding the role of 4-1BB/CD137 co-stimulation during the expansion of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Adoptive T-cell therapy using TIL is a promising therapy for late stage melanoma patients, resulting in a 50% response rate and durable long-term survival in over 20% of patients. Current research is aiming at improving the quality of the expanded cells and their persistence in vivo after adoptive transfer to further boost response rates. The specific focus of this dissertation project is the testing of agonistic anti-4-1BB antibodies at different stages of TIL expansion from tumors for its effects on modulating the phenotype and anti-tumor activity of the cells. The expansion of TIL from the melanoma tumor occurs in 2 stages: The first stage involves the initial expansion of the TIL from small cut 3-5 mm2 fragments of viable tumor (12-24 fragments/tumor) with Interleukin-2 (IL-2) over a 4-5 week period; TIL isolated after this stage are referred to as ‘pre-REP’ TIL. The second stage involves the pre-REP TIL undergoing a secondary expansion referred to as the rapid expansion protocol (REP) for a period of 2 weeks in which the TIL are activated through the T-cell receptor (TCR) and also provided IL-2 to trigger rapid cell division. The TIL are then referred to as ‘post-REP’ TIL after this expansion. We have found that 4-1BB is expressed on freshly isolated T cells that are within melanoma tumor fragments, as well as expressed on pre- and post- REP TIL. This observation prompted us to investigate what the role of 4-1BB ligation would play during the expansion of the TIL. We demonstrated that providing co-stimulation to the TIL during the initial expansion stage and during the secondary expansion using an agonist anti-4-1BB antibody facilitated an increased expansion of CD8+ TIL with increased cytolytic function and a phenotype of memory T cells with enhanced cell survival gene expression. TIL receiving 4-1BB co-stimulation during expansion also exhibited longer persistence and increased anti-tumor activity in an in vivo human TIL adoptive transfer model using NOD-SCID-gamma chain-/- (NSG) mice xenografted with HLA-A-matched melanoma cells. The post-REP TIL also exhibited improved responses to antigenic re-stimulation when the anti-4-1BB antibody was added during expansion. We also investigated the role of 4-1BB ligation in the tumor microenvironment ex vivo in the tumor fragments used as the source of the expanded TIL. We found that in addition to 4-1BB being expressed on T cells in these fragments 4-1BB was also expressed on dendritic cells within the melanoma tumor fragments. Addition of agonist anti-4-1BB increased activation and NFκB (a key marker of 4-1BB signaling) in these dendritic cells and T cells, that was associated with the increased proliferation and activation state of the CD8+ T cells growing out of these fragments. Moreover, 4-1BB co-stimulation in these early tumor fragment cultures also significantly enriched the tumor specificity of the TIL, as found by an increase in the frequency of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in single cell and bulk anti-tumor reactivity assays. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that enhancing 4-1BB co-stimulation at different stages of melanoma TIL expansion ex vivo increases the CD8+ TIL yield, greatly increases tumor specificity, and enhances the effector-memory phenotype of the cells conducive to improved persistence and anti-tumor activity in vivo during adoptive cell therapy. Our results indicate that addition of an anti-4-1BB antibody during the initial and/or secondary expansion of the TIL in the clinic we will result in a significantly enhanced TIL product than with currently used expansion protocols that will boost clinical response rates and durable long-term survival in treated patients

Fotorreducción de CO2 sobre catalizadores basados en Ni y Mo en un microreactor optofluídico

[ES] La necesidad de obtener energía genera un incremento constante de la concentración de CO2 en la atmosfera procedente principalmente de la quema de combustibles fósiles, alcanzando valores de 415 ppm en mayo del 2019. Con el objetivo de reducir el CO2 se están desarrollando diferentes técnicas, como, por ejemplo, la captura, el almacenamiento y reutilización del CO2 para generar energía u otros productos de interés. Además, se han pactado diversos tratados con el fin de mejorar el problema con el medio ambiente, como es el Tratado de Kioto o el Acuerdo de París, siendo participes numerosos países. Para llevar a cabo la disminución de emisiones, se pueden realizar diferentes procesos: bioquímicos, electroquímicos, termoquímicos y fotoquímicos. Estos últimos son de particular interés, debido a que se pueden obtener productos útiles utilizando directamente la luz solar y a partir de una reacción química disminuir los efectos dañinos al medio ambiente. Dentro de los productos que se pueden obtener utilizando la fotorreducción se encuentran diversos alcoholes, CO, HCOOH o hidrocarburos, siendo relevante la producción de metanol, compuesto utilizado en diversas aplicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la producción de metanol de la fotorreducción de CO2 trabajando con materiales basados en Mo y Ni en un microreactor optofluídico. Se evaluán las diferentes variables claves del proceso como es el medio de reacción, la intensidad del LED, el tipo de LED, el caudal y las distintas combinaciones en la superficie catalítica, y finalmente se compara con la literatura.[EN] The need of obtaining energy generates a constant increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, reaching values of 415 ppm in May 2019. With the objective of reducing CO2, different techniques are being developed, such as, the capture, storage and reuse of CO2 to generate energy or other products of interest. In addition, several treaties have been agreed in order to improve the problem with the environment, such as the Kyoto Treaty or the Paris Agreement, with numerous countries participating. To carry out the reduction of emissions, different processes can be developed: biochemical, electrochemical, thermochemical and photochemical. The last ones are of particular interest, because we can obtain useful products using sunlight and the harmful effects on the environment can be reduced by a chemical reaction. Among the products that can be obtained using photoreduction are various alcohols, CO, HCOOH or hydrocarbons, being relevant the production of methanol, a compound used in various applications. The objective of this work is to analyze the production of methanol from the photoreduction of CO2 working with materials based on Mo and Ni in an optofluidic microreactor. The different key variables of the process are evaluated, such as the reductive solution, the intensity of the LED, the type of LED, the flow and the different combinations on the catalytic Surface, and finally, compares with literature.Chacon Trillo, JD. (2019). Fotorreducción de CO2 sobre catalizadores basados en Ni y Mo en un microreactor optofluídico. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/139595TFG

Implementación de una propuesta didáctica para fortalecer las habilidades de lectura y escritura por medio de estrategias pedagógicas en los niños y las niñas del grado transición.

La presente propuesta investigativa, pretende contextualizar al lector, sobre aquellos componentes claves que permiten, el desarrollo, la implementación y la importancia que trae la enseñanza a partir de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas, que permitan desarrollar habilidades de lectura y escritura en los niños el grado transición del Colegio Celco San Lucas de la localidad de Kennedy. Se presentan además fundamentos teóricos, basados en autores que dan soporte, para la creación e implementación de la propuesta didactica, que permita lograr los objetivos de la investigación, y den solución a la pregunta problema planteado. Mediante la técnica y los instrumentos, se logró hacer una recolección de información, que viii permite ser analizada y brinda resultados para consolidar la propuesta pedagógica aplicada

Olala music

OLALA MUSIC, es un proyecto de negocio que se inicia a raíz de la evolución que ha tenido la manera de entretenerse a través de la música y los diferentes géneros que esta ofrece, acompañado del avance tecnológico y nuevas plataformas digitales. La propuesta principal es la diversificación de contenido musical a través de una plataforma digital para disfrutar de su música favorita. Muchas personas han dejado el modo tradicional de escuchar música y optan por hacerlo mediante un servicio de streaming. Por ello, se vio factible un modelo de negocio como el que presentamos, que permitirá una rentabilidad idónea para los inversionistas. OLALA MUSIC, ofrecerá sus servicios de calidad a través de su aplicativo móvil. En ella, tres planes (básico, estándar y Premium) mediante los cuales se pueden suscribir y disfrutar del plan. El emprendimiento tendrá como público objetivo a hombres y mujeres de NSE B de 18 a 55 años, que se encuentran en los residiendo en Lima Metropolitana y que usan internet para entretenimiento. Tras realizar el análisis financiero de 5 años, OLALA MUSIC iniciará con una inversión total de S/134,822.00 con una VAN de S/ 1,454,147 y una TIR de 56.85%. Se espera que las ventas del 1er año lleguen a S/ 589,565. Asimismo, se proyectó un incremento de ventas de 10% en los años de evaluación del proyecto. De acuerdo con el análisis financiero se comprueba que el modelo de negocio presentado es rentable para los inversionistas.OLALA MUSIC, is a business project that began as a result of the evolution that the way of entertainment has had through music and the different genres it offers, accompanied by technological advancement and new digital platforms. The main proposal is the diversification of musical content through a digital platform to enjoy your favorite music. Many people have left the traditional way of listening to music and choose to do so through a streaming service. Therefore, a business model like the one we present was feasible, which will allow an ideal return for investors. OLALA MUSIC, will offer its quality services through its mobile application. In it, three plans (basic, standard and Premium) through which you can subscribe and enjoy the plan. The project will target men and women of NSE B between 18 and 55 years of age, who are living in Metropolitan Lima and who use the internet for entertainment. After conducting the 5-year financial analysis, OLALA MUSIC will start with a total investment of S / 134,822.00 with a NPV of S / 1,454,147 and an IRR of 56.85%. Sales for the 1st year are expected to reach S / 589,565. Likewise, a sales increase of 10% was projected in the years of evaluation of the project. According to the financial analysis, it is verified that the presented business model is profitable for investors.Trabajo de investigació

SoDaH: the SOils DAta Harmonization database, an open-source synthesis of soil data from research networks, version 1.0

Data collected from research networks present opportunities to test theories and develop models about factors responsible for the long-term persistence and vulnerability of soil organic matter (SOM). Synthesizing datasets collected by different research networks presents opportunities to expand the ecological gradients and scientific breadth of information available for inquiry. Synthesizing these data is challenging, especially considering the legacy of soil data that have already been collected and an expansion of new network science initiatives. To facilitate this effort, here we present the SOils DAta Harmonization database (SoDaH; https://lter.github.io/som-website, last access: 22 December 2020), a flexible database designed to harmonize diverse SOM datasets from multiple research networks. SoDaH is built on several network science efforts in the United States, but the tools built for SoDaH aim to provide an open-access resource to facilitate synthesis of soil carbon data. Moreover, SoDaH allows for individual locations to contribute results from experimental manipulations, repeated measurements from long-term studies, and local- to regional-scale gradients across ecosystems or landscapes. Finally, we also provide data visualization and analysis tools that can be used to query and analyze the aggregated database. The SoDaH v1.0 dataset is archived and available at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9733f6b6d2ffd12bf126dc36a763e0b4 (Wieder et al., 2020)

An agriculture and health inter-sectorial research process to reduce hazardous pesticide health impacts among smallholder farmers in the Andes

Authors are also recipients of the Teasdale-Corti grant (103460-068)Work with multiple actors is needed to shift agriculture away from pesticide use, and towards greater sustainability and human health, particularly for vulnerable smallholder farmers. This research in potato and vegetable farming communities in the Andean highlands worked with partners from various sectors over several projects. Increased involvement in organic agriculture was associated with greater household food security and food sovereignty. More diversified, moderately developed agricultural systems had lower pesticide use and better child nutrition. The Ecuadorian Ministry of Health has rolled out pesticide poisoning surveillance modeled on this research

SCIPP: An Expanded Community of Practice - Community Publishing

SCIPP redefines and expands the existing notions about what makes for a vibrant and robust community of practice by partnering CSUSB students and professors with K-12 students, parents, and educators, along with committed community partners. SCIPP encourages curiosity in ways that leads to critical thinking, exploration, risk taking , confidence building, open-mindedness, and other personal traits that equip them with the softskills to be active, critical, and creative contributors to our communities. SCIPP pedagogy embraces our students\u27 collective wisdom and focuses on relational building where multi-directional communication is promoted and students are viewed as equal stakeholders in their own educations. SCIPP puts collaboration into action which in turn fosters community-based lifelong learning. SCIPP provides the open intellectual space for future university students (our K-12 students) to engage with existing university students in meaningful ways so as to sustain interconnected partnerships facilitating community engagement. It supports parents as experts in the education of their children and acknowledges parents as the first conduits to spark their children’s imagination while they actively participate in education enriching activities and programs. Everyone involved is committed to creating a secure and open atmosphere for dreaming, sharing, and learning. Together we explore the aspects of community publishing through collaborative learning in formal and informal settings relating to digital and printed medias

Mexican radiation dermatitis management consensus

Abstract Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential element in cancer treatment: 50–70% of cancer patients receive RT at some time of the course of their disease. Of these, almost 95% experience some grade of radiation dermatitis (RD). RD can affect patient’s quality of life during and after treatment. Consequently, the management of RD is important. There are few randomized controlled clinical trials on interventions used to prevent and treat RD and no standardized consensus on RD management. A panel of opinion leaders of the Mexican Society of Radiotherapy (SOMERA) took part in a study of oncologic practice in Mexico. The following clinical guide is referenced both by the national practice reality and international evidence. Materials and methods: This RD management guide is based on input provided by 25 Mexican radiation oncologists, whose criteria were gathered using the Delphi Method and article review. Results: Twenty-one questions about experience in RD treatment were voted. More than 80% of the panel agreed with: the use of dermocosmetics/medical device in prevention and in treatment of RD grades 1–2. As for grade 3, they recommend individualizing each case and dermatologist evaluation. Topical steroids should be used when there is skin itching or pain. Consider the use of natural soaking elements. Skin care must be continued to avoid or reduce severity of late radiation skin lesions. Conclusion: This consensus was developed as a supportive educational tool that can be adapted to individual clinical needs, useful for professionals involved in the treatment of RT patients.