Designing Open Innovation Based Product Development Process For Smes Using Mobile Technologies

The use of technology in innovative product design process is becoming very accelerative all over the world. Following that, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must practice innovative operations due to the fact that they have financial and technical incapabilities. In spite of all the essentialities, researches showed that research and development (R&D) expenditures of SMEs are under 5% in 2015. Focusing on SMEs, it was observed that R&D infrastructure of them is extremely weak. Research conducted in 2015 in Turkey, according to R&D expenditures of firms showed that first ten enterprises in the list were multinational, so not SMEs.   Open innovation is very fundamental for SMEs to keep their competitive advantages. Nowadays, important multinational firms have left their closed structure about R&D and innovation practices. As a result of this; firms have started to behave accordingly to open innovation systems. In open innovation, all the external partners should participate in the business processes. However, there are not enough researches about it.   The purpose of this paper is to design product development processes of SMEs using mobile technologies. The system which was allowed the effects of external partners was designed for it. According to data collected through in-depth interviews with experts and literature review, the points are given by customers were taken into account and analyzed. The analysis process was applied according to selection criteria specified.   Recently, open innovation has been provided by the "contestification" method. Contestification is the method that enables users to participate in an ideation contest and all the users have right to vote for ideas. As a result of this, innovative ideas come to realize. Despite of the importance as mentioned, there are few researches about the application of contestification method via mobile technologies. For this reason, contestification method was used to accelerate the product development process in this study.   This research sheds light on the contribution of the users for the product development process. In the measurement process, it was observed that SMEs needed this kind of research for the efficient decision making with less financial resources and method developed made the analysis process easier. Keywords: Mobile technologies, SMEs, Open innovation, Contestification, Product developmen

Analysis and Comparision of Waterfall Model and Agile Approach in Software Projects

Looking at the history of civilization from past to present, the concepts of project and project management are frequently encountered. Thanks to project management, businesses can work target-oriented, provide high motivation, facilitate internal control and provide a significant increase in quality. The concept of software, born with the development of technology, penetrates our lives more and more day by day. The globalizing world has brought together the concepts of software and project management and integrated them. Software projects require special management techniques because of their content. For this reason, new methods have emerged over time in the management of software projects. In this study, the concept of the project, the development of project management from its birth over the years, project management in software projects, software development life cycles, and the Waterfall Model and Agile Approach, which are two methods used in software projects, are discussed. The perception of the Waterfall Model and Agile Approach was evaluated with the survey study created with the participation of 145 employees from the software industry. Thus, it is aimed to support managers to choose an effective and efficient method at the point of deciding which method to proceed in software project management

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168