La autoevaluación de la gestión Pedagógica y el proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje en la Institución educativa 1057 "José Baquíjano y Carrillo" de educación secundaria, UGEL 03, Lince, Lima, 2009

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo general establecer que la Autoevaluación de la Gestión Pedagógica, se relaciona con el Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje en la I.E. 1057 “José Baquíjano y Carrillo” de Educación Secundaria, UGEL 03, Lince, Lima, 2009. La población estuvo constituida por los Directivos (N=2), Docentes (N=35), estudiantes de secundaria (N=700) y Padres de Familias (N=400) de la mencionada Institución Educativa. Se utilizó el muestreo probabilístico de carácter estratificado proporcional, obteniendo las siguientes muestras: Directivos (n=2), Docentes (n=26), Estudiantes (n=80) y Padres de Familia (n=50). Para construir, validar y demostrar la confiabilidad de los instrumentos se ha considerado la validez de contenido, mediante la Técnica de Opinión de Expertos y su instrumento el informe de Juicio de Expertos de las variables de estudio y la fórmula de Coeficiente r20 de Kuder y Richardson; se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario, con preguntas tipo Escala de Likert. Se procesaron los datos usando el Coeficiente de Correlación de Rho de Spearman. Concluyéndose que la Autoevaluación de la Gestión Pedagógica se relaciona significativamente con el Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje en la I.E. 1057 “José Baquíjano y Carrillo” de Educación Secundaria, habiéndose obtenido un alto coeficiente de correlación de 0.861 y un nivel de significancia p=0.000, a un nivel de significancia al 0.05, es decir a una confianza del 95 %. En relación con cada dimensión (Planificación Curricular, Lineamientos Metodológicos, Evaluación del Aprendizaje, Tutoría y Orientación Educativa) de la Autoevaluación de la Gestión Pedagógica se pudo comprobar que el nivel de calidad es regular, del mismo modo se observa que el nivel de calidad del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje es regular en la Institución Educativa en estudio. Palabras Claves: Autoevaluación, Gestión Pedagógica, Enseñanza, Aprendizaje, Correlación

Organoselenium compounds as functionalizing agents for gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with four organoselenium compounds, i.e., 4-selenocyanatoaniline (com- pound 1), 4,4′-diselanediyldianiline (compound 2), N-(4-selenocyanatophenyl)cinnamamide (compound 3), and N-(3-selenocyanatopropyl)cinnamamide (compound 4), were synthesized following two different approaches: direct conjugation and non-covalent immobilization onto hydrophilic and non-cytotoxic AuNPs functionalized with 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (3MPS). Both free compounds and AuNPs-based systems were characterized via UV-Vis, FTIR NMR, mass spectrometry, and SR-XPS to assess their optical and structural properties. Size and colloidal stability were evaluated by DLS and ζ-potential measurements, whereas morphology at solid-state was evaluated by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron (FESEM) microscopies. AuNPs synthesized through chemical reduction method in presence of Se-based compounds as functionalizing agents allowed the formation of aggregated NPs with little to no solubility in aqueous media. To improve their hydrophilicity and stability mixed AuNPs-3MPS-1 were synthesized. Besides, Se-loaded AuNPs-3MPS revealed to be the most suitable sys- tems for biological studies in terms of size and colloidal stability. Selenium derivatives and AuNPs were tested in vitro via MTT assay against PC-3 (prostatic adenocarcinoma) and HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines. Compared to free compounds, direct functionalization onto AuNPs with formation of Au-Se covalent bond led to non-cytotoxic systems in the concentration range explored (0–100 μg/mL), whereas immobilization on AuNPs- 3MPS improved the cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 3, and 4. Selective anticancer response against HCT-116 cells was obtained by AuNPs-3MPS-1. These results demonstrated that AuNPs can be used as a platform to tune the in vitro biological activity of organoselenium compounds

Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Magnetogels for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water

In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel peptide-based magnetogel obtained through the encapsulation of ?-Fe2O3-polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanoparticles (?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs) into a hydrogel matrix, used for enhancing the ability of the hydrogel to remove Cr(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) pollutants from water. Fmoc-Phe (Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-Phenylalanine) and diphenylalanine (Phe(2)) were used as starting reagents for the hydrogelator (Fmoc-Phe(3)) synthesis via an enzymatic method. The PAA-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in a separate step, using the co-precipitation method, and encapsulated into the peptide-based hydrogel. The resulting organic/inorganic hybrid system (?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs-peptide) was characterized with different techniques, including FT-IR, Raman, UV-Vis, DLS, ?-potential, XPS, FESEM-EDS, swelling ability tests, and rheology. Regarding the application in heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions, the behavior of the obtained magnetogel was compared to its precursors and the effect of the magnetic field was assessed. Four different systems were studied for the separation of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, including (1) ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs stabilized with PAA, (?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs); (2) Fmoc-Phe(3) hydrogel (HG); (3) ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs embedded in peptide magnetogel (?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs@HG); and (4) ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs@HG in the presence of an external magnetic field. To quantify the removal efficiency of these four model systems, the UV-Vis technique was employed as a fast, cheap, and versatile method. The results demonstrate that both Fmoc-Phe(3) hydrogel and ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs peptide magnetogel can efficiently remove all the tested pollutants from water. Interestingly, due to the presence of magnetic ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs inside the hydrogel, the removal efficiency can be enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. The proposed magnetogel represents a smart multifunctional nanosystem with improved absorption efficiency and synergic effect upon applying an external magnetic field. These results are promising for potential environmental applications of ?-Fe(2)O(3)NPs-peptide magnetogels to the removal of pollutants from aqueous media

Preparation of hydrogel composites using a sustainable approach for In situ Silver nanoparticles formation

The recognized antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) characterize them as attractive nanomaterials for developing new bioactive materials less prone to the development of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we developed new composites based on self-assembling Fmoc-Phe3 peptide hydrogels impregnated with in situ prepared AgNPs. Different methodologies, from traditional to innovative and eco-sustainable, were compared. The obtained composites were characterized from a hydrodynamic, structural, and morphological point of view, using different techniques such as DLS, SEM, and rheological measurements to evaluate how the choice of the reducing agent determines the characteristics of AgNPs and how their presence within the hydrogel affects their structure and properties. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of these composites were tested against S. aureus, a major human pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical infections. Results demonstrated that the hydrogel composites containing AgNPs (hgel@AgNPs) could represent promising biomaterials for treating S. aureus-related infections

Noble Metal Nanoparticles Networks Stabilized by Rod‐Like Organometallic Bifunctional Thiols

od-like organometallic dithiol containing square-planar Pt(II) centers, i. e., trans,trans- [(H3COCS)Pt(PBu3)2(C�C C6H4 C6H4 C�C)(PBu3)2Pt(SCOCH3)] was used as bifunctional stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Pd-, Au-, and AgNPs (MNPs). All the MNPs showed diameters of about 4 nm, which can be controlled by carefully modulating the synthesis parameters. Covalent MNPs stabilization occurred through a single S bridge between Pt(II) and the noble metal nanocluster surfaces, leading to a network of regularly spaced NPs with the formation of dyads, as supported by SR-XPS data and by TEM imaging analysis. The chemical nature of NPs systems was also confirmed by EDS and NMR. Comparison between SR-XPS data of MNPs and self-assembled monolayers and multilayers of pristine rod-like dithiols deposited onto polycrystalline gold surfaces revealed an electronic interaction between Pt(II) centers and biphenyl moieties of adjacent ligands, stabilizing the organic structure of the network. The possibility to obtain networks of regularly spaced MNPs opens outstanding perspectives in optoelectronics

Study of the interaction mechanism between hydrophilic thiol capped gold nanoparticles and melamine in aqueous medium

In the last years, intense efforts have been made in order to obtain colloidal-based systems capable of pointing out the presence of melamine in food samples. In this work, we reported about the recognition of melamine in aqueous solution, using gold nanoparticles stabilized with 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (AuNPs-3MPS), with the aim of deepening how the recognition process works. AuNPs were synthesized using a wet chemical reduction method. The synthesized AuNPs-3MPS probe was fully characterized, before and after the recognition process, by both physicochemical (UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DLS and ζ-potential) and morphostructural techniques (AFM, HR-TEM). The chemical and electronic structure was also investigated by SR-XPS. The sensing method is based on the melamine-induced aggregation of AuNPs; the presence of melamine was successfully detected in the range of 2.5−500 ppm. The results achieved also demonstrate that negatively charged AuNPs-3MPS are potentially useful for determining melamine contents in aqueous solution. SR-XPS measurements allowed to understand interaction mechanism between the probe and the analyte. The presence of sulfonate groups allows a mutual interaction mediated by electrostatic bonds between nanoparticles surface thiols and positively charged amino groups of melamine molecules

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

BACKGROUND: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. METHODS: To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. FINDINGS: Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 million deaths (1·6 million to 1·9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19·1 million life-years (16·6 million to 21·5 million) have been saved, 70·3% (65·4 to 76·1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·5 million (7·4 million to 7·7 million), prevalence was 11·9 million (11·6 million to 12·2 million), and number of deaths was 1·4 million (1·3 million to 1·5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·1 million (6·9 million to 7·3 million), prevalence was 11·2 million (10·8 million to 11·6 million), and number of deaths was 1·3 million (1·2 million to 1·4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64·0% of cases (63·6 to 64·3) and 64·7% of deaths (60·8 to 70·3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1·2 million deaths (1·1 million to 1·4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31·5% (15·7 to 44·1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. INTERPRETATION: Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18·7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Silver nanoparticles as stimulating agents for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi growth: a new perspective for agri-food

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently been used in several fields, such as biomedicine, environmental treatment, food packaging and health care, due to their known antibacterial properties [1]. Nowadays, there is a widespread interest to use engineered nanomaterials in agriculture due to the possibility to obtain formulations for various agrochemicals, i.e., formulations of nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nanosensors, and nanovectors [2,3]. The aim of the work is to enhance and increase the production of mycorrhized plants, a technique whereby fungi attach to the roots of a specific plant creating a symbiotic relationship, with Tuber melanosporum, also known as black truffle, through the controlled use of nanotechnology. This project belongs to TANA Regione Lazio activities. For this purpose, AgNPs with size of 50 nm were obtained through green synthesis approach using water as a solvent and following a bottom-up method. Two different ligands were used to prevent the aggregation of AgNPs during their growth: 3-mercapto-1-propansulfonate sodium salt (3MPS) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), to obtain negatively charged AgNPs-3MPS and AgNPs-PAA. Their size and stability in both aqueous and buffer media were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-vis for an interval of 0-30 days in the range of 5-50 ug mL-1. References [1] N. Baig, I. Kammakakam, W. Falath, I. Kammakakam, Mater. Adv., 2021, 2, 1821–1871. [2] C. An, C. Sun, N. Li, B. Huang, J. Jiang, Y. Shen, C. Wang, X. Zhao, B. Cui, C. Wang, X. Li, S. Zhan, F. Gao, Z. Zeng, H. Cui, Y. Wang, J. Nanobiotechnology, 2022, 20, 1–19. [3] I. Schiesaro, L. Burratti, C. Meneghini, I. Fratoddi, P. Prosposito, J. Lim, C. Scheu, I. Venditti, G. Iucci, C. Battocchio, J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 25975−25983