Candida auris: a quick review on identification, current treatments, and challenges

Candida auris is a novel and major fungal pathogen that has triggered several outbreaks in the last decade. The few drugs available to treat fungal diseases, the fact that this yeast has a high rate of multidrug resistance and the occurrence of misleading identifications, and the ability of forming biofilms (naturally more resistant to drugs) has made treatments of C. auris infections highly difficult. This review intends to quickly illustrate the main issues in C. auris identification, available treatments and the associated mechanisms of resistance, and the novel and alternative treatment and drugs (natural and synthetic) that have been recently reported. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.L.C. thanks the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. ˇ APVV-15-0347 and the grant of VEGA 1/0537/19 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and the Sport of the Slovak Republic. C.F.R. would like to acknowledge the UID/EQU/00511/2020 Project—Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE)— financed by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Advances in chemical and biological methods to identify microorganisms—from past to present

Fast detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and significant feature from industry to medicine. Standard approaches are known to be very time-consuming and labor-intensive (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests). Conversely, screening techniques demand a quick and low-cost grouping of bacterial/fungal isolates and current analysis call for broad reports of microorganisms, involving the application of molecular techniques (e.g., 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based on polymerase chain reaction). The goal of this review is to present the past and the present methods of detection and identification of microorganisms, and to discuss their advantages and their limitations.C.F.R. would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT–Portugal) for the C.F.R. for the project UID/EQU/00511/2019—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology, and Energy—LEPABE funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and N.M. for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Internationales germanistisches Symposium: "Perspektiven der Auslandsgermanistik" : Košice/ Kaschau, 25. - 26. Februar 2010

Vom 25.-26. Februar 2010 organisierte der Lehrstuhl für Germanistik der Philosophischen Fakultät der Pavol-Jozef-Šafárik-Universität (UPJŠ) in Košice im Rahmen der DAAD-Partnerschaft mit dem Institut für Germanistik der Universität Regensburg (initiiert von Prof. Albrecht Greule und Frau Doz. Mária Papsonová, das internationale germanistische Symposium Perspektiven der Auslandsgermanistik. Die Konferenz, die im historischen Hauptgebäude unserer Universität stattfand, eröffnete Frau Dr. Ingrid Puchalová, die Leiterin einer der jüngsten germanistischen Ausbildungsstätten in der Slowakei und Organisatorin der Veranstaltung, mit aktuellen Fragestellungen zum Germanistikstudium und der Germanistikforschung im Ausland: "Soll dieses Studium eher didaktisch ausgerichtet werden, im Sinne von Deutsch als Fremdsprache, oder eher dem Germanistikstudium in Deutschland und Österreich ähneln? Wie sollen die Literaturwissenschaft, ihre Forschung und Themenwahl sowie das Phänomen Medien-Literatur in Zukunft angegangen werden?