Efecto transcripcional sobre la cicatrización de la piel de dorada (Sparus aurata L.) tras la inclusión del probiótico Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 en la dieta

Due to the importance of epidermal integrity in the health of farmed fish, the effect of the probiotic Pdp11 on the skin healing process of sea bream (Sparus aurata) was studied. Thus, an RNAseq analysis has been carried out to compare the effect on wounded skin S. aurata specimens fed with control (Control_W) and probiotic diet (Probiotic_W). After 7 days inducing damage, animals that received the probiotic diet, activated genes related to the last phase of re-epithelialization, while ulcerated animals fed with control diet, activated genes related to primary healing processes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

First Evaluation of Associated Gut Microbiota in Wild Thick-Lipped Grey Mullets (Chelon labrosus, Risso 1827)

This study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of wild thick-lipped grey mullets (Chelon labrosus) and explore its potential functionality on the host. Intestinal contents of anterior and posterior sections from wild fish were collected and DNA was extracted. Subsequently, the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina technology and results were analyzed by bioinformatics pipeline. The functional profile of the microbial community was analyzed using PICRUSt software. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly higher in the posterior section of wild specimens. The overall taxonomic composition suggests a certain homogeneity in the anterior section of the intestine and heterogeneity in the posterior section. Due to this, no statistical differences were detected at any level among both intestinal sections. Predicted functions of intestinal microbiota showed the most abundant were those related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, and cell replication and repair. Furthermore, the analysis revealed microbial functional genes related to the elimination of environmental toxins.This work was financed by the Project ‘Design and evaluation of probiotics and feed in uncoupled aquaponic system of fishes, plants and microalgae’ (grant #Agl-2017-83260R) granted by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MINECO, Spanish Government), and by the Project Bluemaro (PID2020 116136 RB100) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Gut microbiome specific changes in different behavioral profiles in a mouse social defeat stress model.

Comunicación de tipo PósterThe gut microbiome has arisen as one important modulator of general health, including brain function. In fact, disturbances in brain health are commonly mirrored in the microbiome, which could be contributing to pathology. One of the most common brain disorders is depression, which is tightly linked to environmental factors such as stress and drives alterations in regular behavior. However, not much is known about the role of the gut microbiome in response to stress and its relationship to behavior. In this study, the social defeat stress (SDS) paradigm was used as a depressive-like symptoms inducer in 8 w.o. male C57BL/6J mice for 10 days. Mice were segregated in stress resilient and sensitive according to behavior using K-means clustering and behavioral data was interpreted using principal component analysis. Then, the mice microbiome was extracted from fecal pellets after the stress protocol. DNA was extracted and purified followed by 16S (V3-V4) region amplification for sequencing. These data were analyzed to obtain diversity indexes and identify bacterial taxa within samples and groups. Data revealed that mice responded differently to the same stressor. Half the mice were found to have mild depressive-like symptoms whereas the other half showed profound alterations. Behavioral data was found to be explained in three factors: anhedonia, exploration, and motility. Stressed mice showed overall differences in their microbiome, being less diverse and populations associated with higher inflammation. Moreover, the healthy gut associated Verrucomicrobiae class was only identified in stress resilient mice, suggesting a possible relationship with their behavioral phenotype. Altogether, these results show a different behavioral response to stress in animals that reflects in their microbiome, which could be a key factor in determining stress resilience.This study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Plan Nacional I+D+I from Spain (PID2020-117464RB-I00) to CP and MP-M; FEDER/Junta de Andalucía - Proyectos I+D+I en el marco del Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (UMA20-FEDERJA-112) to CP and MP-M; Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía (P20_00460) to CP. PC-P has been funded by the research project PID2020-117464RB-I00. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte from Spain (FPU19/03629 to Infantes-López MI). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Cambios en la microbiota intestinal de Sparus aurata tras la administración de dietas suplementadas con D. hansenii e INMUNOTEC

Abstract Effects on the intestinal microbiota of Sparus aurata after administration of diets supplemented with different doses of Debaryomyces hansenii or INMUNOTEC have been evaluated. The results revealed significant changes at metagenomical level and it could be related to metabolic changes, especially in the case of the diet supplemented with the highest dose of IMMUNOTEC. Resumen En este estudio se analizan los efectos que la inclusión en la dieta de distintas dosis de Debaryomyces hansenii e INMUNOTEC tienen sobre la microbiota intestinal de ejemplares de Sparus auratatras. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron cambios a nivel metagenómico, que podrían estar asociados con cambios metabólicos, especialmente en el caso de la dieta suplementada con la dosis más elevada de INMUNOTEC.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto DIETAplus, JACUMAR (Junta de Cultivos Marinos, MAPAMA). Cofinanciado fondos FEM

In vitro assessment of antagonistic activities of isolates from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal tract fed microalgae supplemented diet

The use of probiotics has emerged as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in the control of infectious diseases, favouring fish health management, growth performance and feed utilisation, among others. microalgae represent an interesting source of nutrients and functional ingredients for aquafeeds. However, their digestibility is often limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors or absence of appropriate enzymatic activities in the fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aims of the present work were to isolate potential probiotics from the GIT of Sparus aurata fed with a diet containing 25 % microalgae and characterize their antagonism against fish pathogens. Altogether, 117 strains were isolated from juvenile seabream (146.8 ± 16.4 g) and screened for hydrolytic enzyme activities. Results showed that 48 %, 41 %, 77 % and 30 % of isolates were able to hydrolyse protein, lipids, collagen and starch, respectively. Moreover, 46 %, 8 % and 57 % of isolates exhibited the ability to degrade phytate, tannins and cellulose, respectively. Based on these results, a total of 32 isolates were selected for inhibitory activity against several fish pathogens assessment. Inhibition against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum was detected in 38 % of the isolates, whilst 44 % and 47 % inhibited P damselae subsp. damselae and P. damselae subsp. piscicida, respectively. Inhibition abilities were detected in the isolates when tested against Tenacibaculum species. Thus, 56 % inhibited Tenacibaculum maritimum; 63 % T. soleae and 22 % T. gallaecium. Overall, results showed that three strains display ability to hydrolyse 4 of the assayed substrates and produce inhibition against 8 fish pathogens, and two strains are capable to hydrolyse 5 substrates and inhibit 8 fish pathogens. Selected strains show characteristics to be considered for further characterization as potential probiotics in gilthead seabream aquaculture and microalgae-supplemented aquafeeds.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A Tentative Study of the Effects of Heat-Inactivation of the Probiotic Strain Shewanella putrefaciens Ppd11 on Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis) Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Response

ABSTRACT: Concerns about safety, applicability and functionality associated with live probiotic cells have led to consideration of the use of non-viable microorganisms, known as paraprobiotics. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary administration of heat-inactivated cells of the probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens Ppd11 on the intestinal microbiota and immune gene transcription in Solea senegalensis. Results obtained were evaluated and compared to those described after feeding with viable Pdp11 cells. S. senegalensis specimens were fed with basal (control) diet or supplemented with live or heat inactivated (60 °C, 1 h) probiotics diets for 45 days. Growth improvement was observed in the group receiving live probiotics compared to the control group, but not after feeding with a probiotic heat-inactivated diet. Regarding immune gene transcription, no changes were observed for tnf?, il-6, lys-c1, c7, hsp70, and hsp90aa in the intestinal samples based on the diet. On the contrary, hsp90ab, gp96, cd4, cd8, il-1?, and c3 transcription were modulated after probiotic supplementation, though no differences between viable and heat-inactivated probiotic supplemented diets were observed. Modulation of intestinal microbiota showed remarkable differences based on the viability of the probiotics. Thus, higher diversity in fish fed with live probiotic cells, jointly with increased Mycoplasmataceae and Spirochaetaceae to the detriment of Brevinemataceae, was detected. However, microbiota of fish receiving heat-inactivated probiotic cells showed decreased Mycoplasmataceae and increased Brevinemataceae and Vibrio genus abundance. In short, the results obtained indicate that the viable state of Pdp11 probiotic cells affects growth performance and modulation of S. senegalensis intestinal microbiota. On the contrary, minor changes were detected in the intestinal immune response, being similar for fish receiving both, viable and inactivated probiotic cell supplemented diets, when compared to the control dietThis study was supported by MINECO (grant no. AGL2014-51839-C5-2-R and AGL2017- 83370-C3-3-R) and FEDER funds

Diet, Immunity, and Microbiota Interactions: An Integrative Analysis of the Intestine Transcriptional Response and Microbiota Modulation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fed an Essential Oils-Based Functional Diet

Essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives to chemotherapeutics in animal production due to their immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, without associated environmental or hazardous side effects. In the present study, the modulation of the transcriptional immune response (microarray analysis) and microbiota [16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing] in the intestine of the euryhaline fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a dietary supplementation of garlic, carvacrol, and thymol EOs was evaluated. The transcriptomic functional analysis showed the regulation of genes related to processes of proteolysis and inflammatory modulation, immunity, transport and secretion, response to cyclic compounds, symbiosis, and RNA metabolism in fish fed the EOs-supplemented diet. Particularly, the activation of leukocytes, such as acidophilic granulocytes, was suggested to be the primary actors of the innate immune response promoted by the tested functional feed additive in the gut. Fish growth performance and gut microbiota alpha diversity indices were not affected, while dietary EOs promoted alterations in bacterial abundances in terms of phylum, class, and genus. Subtle, but significant alterations in microbiota composition, such as the decrease in Bacteroidia and Clostridia classes, were suggested to participate in the modulation of the intestine transcriptional immune profile observed in fish fed the EOs diet. Moreover, regarding microbiota functionality, increased bacterial sequences associated with glutathione and lipid metabolisms, among others, detected in fish fed the EOs supported the metabolic alterations suggested to potentially affect the observed immune-related transcriptional response. The overall results indicated that the tested dietary EOs may promote intestinal local immunity through the impact of the EOs on the host-microbial co-metabolism and consequent regulation of significant biological processes, evidencing the crosstalk between gut and microbiota in the inflammatory regulation upon administration of immunostimulant feed additives.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease and the Value of the Ankle-brachial Index to Stratify Cardiovascular Risk

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of ankle-brachial index (ABI)<0.9 and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD), association with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and impact of adding ABI measurement to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk screening.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey of 6262 participants aged 35–79 in Girona, Spain.MethodsStandardized measurements (CVRF, ABI, 10-year CHD risk) and history of intermittent claudication (IC), CHD, and stroke were recorded. ABI<0.9 was considered equivalent to moderate-to-high CHD risk (≥10%).ResultsABI<0.9 prevalence was 4.5%. Only 0.62% presented low ABI and IC. Age, current smoker, cardiovascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension independently associated with ABI<0.9 in both sexes; IC was also associated in men and diabetes in women. Among participants 35–74 free of cardiovascular disease, 6.1% showed moderate-to-high 10-year CHD risk; adding ABI measurement yielded 8.7%. Conversely, the risk function identified 16.8% of these participants as having 10-year CHD risk>10%. In participants 75–79 free of cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of ABI<0.9 (i.e., CHD risk≥10%) was 11.9%.ConclusionsABI<0.9 is relatively frequent in those 35–79, particularly over 74. However, IC and CHD risk≥10% indicators are often missing. Adding ABI measurement to CHD-risk screening better identifies moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk patients

La restauración de la villa romana de La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real)

En el mes de julio de 2010 se iniciaron las labores de conservación y restauración en el yacimiento romano de La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real). Durante cuatro meses se han simultaneado estos trabajos con la excavación arqueológica, en la que han colaborado once alumnos de la Escuela Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de la Comunidad de Madrid, bajo la dirección del equipo técnico, realizando prácticas para completar su formación. La intervención llevada a cabo ha estado enfocada a minimizar el efecto de los agentes de deterioro a los que se halla expuesto el yacimiento, que se encuentra al aire libre. El presente artículo tiene como finalidad la difusión de los trabajos de conservación y restauración realizados durante esta campaña, prestando especial atención a la metodología y a los materiales utilizadosIn July 2010 conservation and restoration work began at the Roman site of La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real). For four months, the work was carried out alongside the archaeological excavation, involving eleven students from the Madrid School of Cultural Asset Conservation and Restoration, doing work experience under the guidance of a technical team to complete their training. The intervention focused on minimising the effect of the deterioration factors that this open-air site has been exposed to. This article aims to provide a report of the conservation and restoration work carried out in this campaign, paying special attention to the methodology and materials use