Evaluacion economica de las medidas de control de la polilla del brote en plantaciones de pino de la VII y VIII Region

73 p.Dentro de la economía del Pals, el Sector Forestal desempeña un importante papel, tanto por su participación en el Producto Interno Bruto, como por el aporte que realiza a la generación de divisas, ubicándose en el tercer lugar de importancia en las exportaciones chilenas. Es por lo anterior que la presente memoria tiene por objetivo determinar el nivel optimo de inversión en Técnicas de Control de Polilla del Brote en Plantaciones de Pino, de manera que las perdidas económicas generadas por esta plaga sean mínimas. Esto se realizó en Plantaciones de Pino pertenecientes al patrimonio de Forestal Celco S.A., a través; de modelos de simulación basados en funciones estadísticas, de parcelas permanentes e inventarios forestales propios de la empresa, entrevistas con personal encargado de la Unidad de Protección Fitosanitaria y aplicación de Modelos Económicos. Es así como se determine que, la Inversión en Técnicas de Control de Polilla del Brote debe ser realizada con prioridad en las Plantaciones de menor edad y en aquellas que presentan las mejores características de calidad: Diámetro e Índice de Sitio

Validación de una escala de autoeficacia académica en universitarios chilenos

24 p.La Autoeficacia Académica (ASE) o aquellos juicios de los alumnos relativos a sus capacidades para completar con éxito sus tareas educativas, han mostrado de forma consistente ser una variable clave en el proceso educativo, debido a que influye en la motivación, aprendizaje y resultados de los estudiantes. El presente estudio describe un trabajo de validación para las escalas de ASE, la MSQL (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) con estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Las dimensiones que en la literatura demostraron mayor validez predictiva del Cuestionario de Estrategias Motivadas para el Aprendizaje (MSLQ) fueron traducidas, adaptadas y aplicadas a 341 estudiantes de ambos sexos de la universidad de Tarapacá. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del software SPSS 22 y Factor 10. Los resultados indican que las subescalas poseen adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, variando en su utilidad para predecir el rendimiento. El trabajo finaliza sugiriendo la eliminación de ítems con características psicométricas inadecuadas, ya que esto podría aumentar el apoyo a la estructura teórica de la escala y fortalecer la utilidad predictiva de sus subescalas. Palabras Clave: Traducción, Validez, Autoeficacia, MSQL, IPIP, Rendimiento, Universitarios./ABSTRACT:Academic Self-Efficacy, i.e., judgments of the students regarding their abilities to successfully complete their educational tasks, were consistently a key variable in the educational process, because it influences the motivation, learning and results of the students. The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of a self-efficacy scale, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) with university students in Chile. Only the dimensions that reports in previous literature greater predictive validity indices of the MSLQ, were translated, adapted and applied to 341 students of both sexes of the University of Tarapacá. The data were analyzed by means of the SPSS 22 and Factor 10 software. The results showed adequate psychometric properties, varying in their power for predicting academic performance. The work ends by suggesting the elimination of items with inadequate psychometric indices, besides this could improve the construct and predictive validity for future research. Keywords: Translation, Validity, Self-efficacy, MSQL, IPIP, Performance, University

The shape influence on the overall single scattering properties of a sample in random orientation

[EN] In order to identify the type of scattering profile that corresponds to some specific shapes, we have performed calculations of some scattering properties for those shapes with a fixed size distribution. Aggregates of different numbers of spheres have been used to fit the laboratory measurements of fly ashes. The results for other shapes, such as rectangular prisms with different axial proportions, particles made of joined cubes, and particles with different fluffiness, are also shown. From all these calculations, it is concluded that the size-averaged scattering matrix elements resembles Rayleigh features, for the size distribution stopping at 1.0¿m, when either the number of spheres or cubes of the aggregates is increased, the shape becomes flatter or the particles become fluffier. We also show the effect of the refractive index on the Qsca vs. X curve in the case of strongly absorbing particles. A tendency to reach the geometric optic regime is observed instead of the Rayleigh regime using the same size distribution. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.We are grateful to B.T. Draine and P.J. Flatau for making their DDA code available. This work was supported by ‘‘Programa Incentivo a la Investigacion de la UPV’’Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Luna Molina, R.; Guirado, D. (2011). The shape influence on the overall single scattering properties of a sample in random orientation. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 112(11):1838-1847. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.01.006S183818471121

Association between time to reperfusion and outcome is primarily driven by the time from imaging to reperfusion

Background and Purpose A progressive decline in the odds of favorable outcome as time to reperfusion increases is well known. However, the impact of specific workflow intervals is not clear.; Methods We studied the mechanical thrombectomy group (n=103) of the prospective, randomized REVASCAT (Randomized Trial of Revascularization With Solitaire FR Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Stroke due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting Within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset) trial. We defined 3 workflow metrics: time from symptom onset to reperfusion (OTR), time from symptom onset to computed tomography, and time from computed tomography (CT) to reperfusion. Clinical characteristics, core laboratory-evaluated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) and 90-day outcome data were analyzed. The effect of time on favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale, 0-2) was described via adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for every 30-minute delay.; Results Median admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17.0 (14.0-20.0), reperfusion rate was 66%, and rate of favorable outcome was 43.7%. Mean (SD) workflow times were as follows: OTR: 342 (107) minute, onset to CT: 204 (93) minute, and CT to reperfusion: 138 (56) minute. Longer OTR time was associated with a reduced likelihood of good outcome (OR for 30-minute delay, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.93). The onset to CT time did not show a significant association with clinical outcome (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.12), whereas the CT to reperfusion interval showed a negative association with favorable outcome (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95). A similar subgroup analysis according to admission ASPECTS showed this relationship for OTR time in ASPECTS<8 patients (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.9) but not in ASPECTS8 (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68-1.44).; Conclusions Time to reperfusion is negatively associated with favorable outcome, being CT to reperfusion, as opposed to onset to CT, the main determinant of this association. In addition, OTR was strongly associated to outcome in patients with low ASPECTS scores but not in patients with high ASPECTS scores.; Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01692379.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

'Ex vivo' gene correction of PRPF31 c.165G>A mutation causing retinitis pigmentosa

Motivation: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of retinal dystrophy, a group of blinding diseases characterized by progressive photoreceptor death, with a prevalence of 1 in 4000. RP is highly-heterogeneous, with 15% of autosomal dominant cases caused by mutations in the pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPFs), components of the spliceosome.To date, there are no effective treatments for RP. Gene editing is a rapidly evolving field that may in the future, allow the repair of a mutated endogenous locus. CRISPR/Cas9 system has a mechanism of action based on nucleotide recognition of target DNA by engineered single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 endonuclease activity. Genomic edition of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would allow autologous transplantation of repaired cells, once differentiated to retinal cell types.Methods: iPSCs obtained from a RP patient with a PRPF31 c.165G&gt;A mutation were the starting biological material. Pluripotency of the iPSCs was checked by inmunofluorescence (IF) analysis.Disease phenotyping of the cell line was performed by IF for PRPF31 and for the ciliary protein ARL13B, as PRPF31 mutations have been previously described to affect cilia.sgRNAs directed to the mutation were designed using the web crispor.tefor.net. The best sgRNA and a ssODN template, covering the mutation site, were synthesized by IDT. The sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 complex was assembled and co-transfected with the ssODN into the iPSCs. FACs was used to measure the efficiency and to select transfected cells. A bulk transfected cell population was analyzed by Sanger sequencing to check for HR-mediated knock-in. Selection of individual iPSC clones and genotyping is being performed to search  for corrected clones.Results: Positive labeling for OCT4, NANOG, SSEA3, SSEA4 and TRA-1-81 showed pluripotency of the iPSC line. PRPF31 immunolocalization and quantificacion have been used to phenotype the iPSC line compared to a healthy control. Sanger sequencing of the genomic DNA showed successful editing of the mutation in the bulk population of transfected cells. Different culture conditions were tested for iPSC clonal selection. Best conditions provided a 0.8 % of efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9-corrected iPSC clone will be differentiated to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, in parallel with uncorrected PRPF31-iPSCs, to establish if in situ gene editing restores key celular and functional phenotypes associated with this type of RP

Análisis de liquidez y rentabilidad en la empresa Ferramateriales Luminar EIRL, en el Contexto de la Pandemia COVID - 19, Distrito de Ayacucho, periodo 2019-2021

Para determinar las diferencias de la liquidez y rentabilidad de la empresa FERREMATERIALES LUMINAR EIRL en el contexto de la pandemia COVID - 19, Distrito de Ayacucho, periodo 2019-2021 se realizó una investigación descriptiva – comparativa con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental. La muestra fue de 24 estados financieros, de los meses de marzo 2019 al marzo 2021. En los resultados se utilizó el estadígrafo Shapiro-Wilk por contar con una muestra = 24 0,05, por lo que se concluye que no existe diferencias antes y después del COVID, mientras en la LC y el CT muestran un nivel de significancia < 0,05, por lo que se concluye que sí existe diferencias antes y después del COVID – 19.LIMAEscuela Profesional de ContabilidadFinanza

An assessment of emerging networks in the fruit sector: The case of Inca berry in Ecuador

The diversification of agri-food products through emerging chains has a fundamental social and economic role in Ecuador. A substantial amount of research focused only on examining critical factors in terms of agronomic and environmental performance. However, there is a shift in the agri-food chain perspective and study towards more sustainable models of production, logistics trade, and consumption. Aspects such as the socio-economic sustainability, level of collaboration between actors, an adequate chain configuration, and the employment of smart governance mechanisms show the weaknesses where stakeholders can propose enhancements. In this respect, socio-economic and productive factors are consequential and still affecting the progress of these chains. Also, the current growth of market opportunities at the local and international level is a driver to support them by setting sustainable strategies. This study aimed to analyze socio-economic and production aspects to understand the dynamic across the emerging Inca berry (Physalis peruviana) chain located in Ecuador and bring forward potential strategies. Thus, chain vertical and horizontal imensioning was introduced to contribute with relevant insights. The framework applied accounts with a revision of primary and support activities, and flows of high and low relevance. The investigation clustered pre-production, production, and post-production tiers. Also, it executed the food chain mapping, the identification of chain actors, and application of surveys at the supply chain levels to identify strengths and weaknesses based on specific socio-economic and productive variables. Results stated several viable long-term strategies. Examples of those strategies are the diversification of marketing channels, the intervention of academic institutions to improve efficiency, productivity, and the associations' empowerment. All of them aimed at circular economic models. The main research contribution is the application of the chain configuration to assess the chain performance comprehensively. Based on the results, our recommendation is incorporating new indicators to analyze the environmental and institutional components profoundly

Evaluación de la biodiversidad malacológica en la playa rocosa de la comunidad de Jiquilillo, Chinandega, 2017

El desarrollo de este trabajo investigativo u tesis, tiene concordancia con los moluscos marinos localizados en Playa Rocosa de Jiquilillo y como propósito Evaluar la Diversidad Malacológica, considerando la identificación de la diversidad de especie recolectadas en estanques naturales y alterados, al igual teniendo en cuenta las características morfológicas e incorporación de parámetros ambientales abióticos tales como: temperatura y pH que son condiciones físicas que contribuyen con el ambiente y favorecen a la diversidad biológica de moluscos presente en situ. Este preciado grupo de moluscos marino constituye una importante fuente de alimentos de fácil comercialización y de utilidad artesanal para los pobladores de la comunidad, los cuales están acostumbrados a explotar algunos grupos de especies presentes en el ecosistema, sin tener información acerca de las especies existentes en la zona. Debido al poco conocimiento de los moluscos, nuestro trabajo investigativo viene a enriquecer la base de datos de la diversidad de moluscos en la comunidad de Jiquilillo y del pacífico en general. Para la realización de este trabajo se aplicó un estudio descriptivo y puntual que permitió observar y por consiguiente inventariar los moluscos marinos de la zona Rocosa de Jiquilillo, considerando una debida metodología, cuyos resultados más relevantes fueron la identificación de 81 especies, organizados en 13 Ordenes y 44 Familia

Bioeconomic Dynamic Modelling of the Chilean Southern Demersal Fishery

The demersal fishery of southern Chile is a complex system including multiple species, fishing fleets and markets. Fishing activity is conducted under a rights-based system for southern hake (Merluccius australis) and hoki (Macroronus magellanicus), where a TAC is allocated in an even manner among fleets and operators. New management approaches not only call for the need of the simultaneous consideration of biological, technologic, economic, social, legal and institutional factors but also, stakeholders perceptions and interests are becoming increasingly relevant for decision making. In spite of the undeniable importance for stakeholder inclusion in fisheries management, their perception of the system status and expectations are frequently partial and biased by short term needs and interests. Thus, information on expected impacts of alternative management measures are a valuable guiding input to improve stakeholder perception. This paper, therefore explores the value of dynamic simulation model in providing illustrative information on bioeconomic impacts to the fishery system from alternative management measures. The dynamic simulation model is based on two main modules. A biologic module depicting the fish population dynamics, considering recruitment based on Beverton and Holt function. A bioeconomic module depicting fleet dynamics based investment functions by Clark et al. (1979) Munro and Munro (1998) and catch per unit of effort proportional to biomass. The model outputs are the species biomass, fleet size, effort level, fleet and vessel net benefits presented on a year basis. Fishery and fleet cumulative NPVs are also presented.Keywords: Bioeconomic Analysis of Fisheries, Fish and Aquaculture Sectors Development, Fisheries Economic

Value-chain configuration and socio-economic performance into fruit networks: an outlook on long-run insights

The diversification of agri-food products through emerging chains has a fundamental economic role in Ecuador. Socio-economic and productive factors are still affecting their progress and performance. Also, the current growth of market opportunities at the local and international level is a driver to support them. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze social and production aspects to understand the dynamic across the Peruvian groundcherry (Physalis peruviana) chain stages. The goal was to introduce the chain dimensioning to contribute with relevant insights. We performed the research applying a framework that accounts with chain configuration and descriptive tools. The boundaries clustered pre-production, production and post-production actors. We executed surveys at the supply chain levels to identify strengths and weaknesses based on specific socio-economic and productive variables. The paper points out that diversification of marketing channels and the strengthening of organizational structures are the main long-term strategies to reinforce the Peruvian groundcherry chain. The main contribution is the application of the chain configuration as a tool to assess food chain performance comprehensively.La diversificación de los productos agroalimentarios a través de las cadenas emergentes tiene un papel económico fundamental en el Ecuador. Los factores socioeconómicos y productivos siguen afectando su progreso y desempeño. Además, el crecimiento actual de las oportunidades de mercado a nivel local e internacional es un motor para apoyarlas. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los aspectos sociales y de producción para comprender la dinámica de la cadena de la guchuva (Physalis peruviana) a través de sus etapas. El objetivo fue introducir el dimensionamiento de la cadena para contribuir con ideas relevantes. Realizamos la investigación aplicando un marco que considera la configuración de la cadena y herramientas descriptivas. Fronteras establecidas para el estudio agrupó a los actores de la preproducción, producción y posproducción. Realizamos encuestas en los niveles establecidos para identificar fortalezas y debilidades basadas en variables socioeconómicas y productivas específicas. Los resultados señalan que la diversificación de los canales de comercialización y el fortalecimiento de las estructuras organizativas son las principales estrategias a largo plazo para reforzar la cadena de guchuva. La contribución principal fue la aplicación de la configuración de la cadena como una herramienta para evaluar el rendimiento de la cadena alimentaria de manera integral.Gerencia de Comunicación Institucional, DG SICyP, INTAFil: Moreno Miranda, Carlos Santiago. Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos; Ecuador. Wageningen University and Research. Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group; HolandaFil: Pilamala-Rosales, Araceli Alexandra. Wageningen University and Research. Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group; HolandaFil: Ortiz, Jacqueline. Wageningen University and Research. Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group; HolandaFil: Moreno Miranda, Raúl. Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación; EspañaFil: Molina-Sánchez, José Isaac. Wageningen University and Research. Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group; HolandaFil: Cerda-Mejía, Liliana. Wageningen University and Research. Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group; HolandaFil: Rama, Daniele. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Alta Scuola di Management ed Economia Agro-Alimentare; Itali