The Economic Thought on Poverty Measurement: From the Nineteenth-Century to the Rediscovering Era

This essay describes the evolution of the Economics of Poverty from the seminal works of Charles Booth and Joseph Rowntree to the Rediscovering Era in the 1960’s. It shows how the leading objectives of its authors changed over the decades. The description is roughly exhaustive, pointing out the way how the leading concepts, many of them frequently used even nowadays, were developed by its authors.Approaches, Poverty Measurement, Techniques

Poverty measurement : a theoretical contribution and application to Portugal 2007

Doutoramento em Economia.Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma história do pensamento económico na medição de pobreza - desde o que pode ser considerado o inicio da economia da pobreza ate a era de redescoberta da pobreza durante a década de 1960 - bern como uma revisão da literatura sobre as principais ferramentas de medição da pobreza apresentadas pela Ciência Económica. E ainda apresentado, no âmbito da abordagem multidimensional, uma proposta de um índice de medição de pobreza, inovadora quanto a ponderação dos diferentes atributos considerados como elementos de privação. 0 propósito do indice proposto e o de medir a pobreza na sua multidimensionalidade, sendo que cada dimensão de privação e ponderada no indice de acordo com a Hierarquia de Necessidades de Maslow. Esta forma de ponderação faz com que o indice proposto seja diferente dos ja existentes pelo facto de se incorporarem elementos de uma teoria psicológica consolidada na sua estrutura. Por fim, o indice apresentado e aplicado atraves de dados do European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) para Portugal em 2007 e comparado com dois outros metodos multidimensionais de medi9ao da pobreza.This work presents a history of the economic thought on poverty measurement - from what can be considered the beginning of the Poverty Economics until the "Rediscovering Poverty" era during the 1960s - as well as a review of the literature on the main poverty measurement tools presented by the Economic Science. We also present, having the multidimensional approach as background, a proposal for a poverty measurement index, somehow innovative regarding the weighting of different attributes considered as elements of deprivation. The aim of the proposed index is to measure poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, where each dimension of deprivation is weighted in the index according to the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This way of weighting makes the proposed index different from the existing indices given that it incorporates elements of a consolidated psychological theory in its structure. Finally, the index is applied using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) microdata for Portugal in 2007, and compared with two other methods of measuring multidimensional poverty

Education and Wage Inequality in Portugal

This article summarises the recent literature on the relationship between inequality in wages and education for Portugal. The main conclusions are the following. First, Portu-gal is one of the OECD countries with lowest educational level. At the same time, re-turns to education are large, and suggest that skills are particularly valuable in the Por-tuguese labour market. Second, over the last two decades returns to education increased steadily, which suggests that skill-biased technological change is partly responsible for the observed pattern. Analysis of the returns across educational levels and the dispersion of returns over the wage distribution reveals that education may have helped to increase both between-group and within-group inequality. Third, the recent evolution of average years of education has lead to a considerable increase in the standard measures of over-education, particularly among younger cohorts. Since schooling mis-matches are associated with lower wages, recent changes in the educational composition of the workforce may have conse-quences for the wage distribution. Fourth, some conclusions can also be established on the interaction between formal education and acquired skills. Most forms of training are associ-ated with higher wages and appear to act as remedial education. Less educated individuals are less likely to get trained. However, once trained, they obtain larger returns. Finally, analysis of employment opportunities and school-to-work transitions suggests that more edu-cated individuals benefit from better job opportunities and receive more job offers.Wage inequality; Returns to education; signalling; training

Fake news, radicalização da polarização política e o constitucionalismo autoritário no Brasil

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Na era das redes sociais, as notícias fraudulentas, ou fake news, se tornaram um problema grande o suficiente para abalar democracias em todo o mundo. Acirrando a radicalização da polarização política ao explorar os algoritmos das bolhas sociais virtuais, este fenômeno vem facilitando o fortalecimento do Constitucionalismo Autoritário, inclusive no Brasil. O atual presidente da República foi eleito através de uma plataforma com intensa exploração da radicalização da polarização política e com vasto uso de fake news nas redes sociais com a finalidade de desqualificar adversários. Após a eleição, esta mesma mobilização em redes sociais e uso de notícias fraudulentas contra adversários foi incorporado dentro do Poder Executivo, sendo usado inclusive para intimidar outros poderes, como o Legislativo e o Judiciário, este último na figura do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Estes ataques e tentativas de intimidação apontam para uma possível tentativa de instauração de um regime com ideologia autoritária sem que haja um claro rompimento com a Constituição, o chamado Constitucionalismo Autoritário. O Supremo Tribunal Federal recentemente instaurou inquérito visando a apuração de ataques e ameaças insuflados através de notícias fraudulentas e campanhas de desmoralização à instituição e seus membros, o que poderá representar um importante precedente no combate ao Constitucionalismo Autoritário brasileiro

Exploring the behavioural approach for sustainable tourism

The behavioural approach to sustainable tourism has received considerable attention and interest from the academic community within various fields of study. It has particular value for developing sustainable social practices. In this article, we investigate the contributions of the behavioural approach in the economic sciences, psychology, and adult education. Our objective is to reinforce the notion that individuals have the capacity to alter their behaviour to achieve active participation in unity with nature that firmly favours both their own wellbeing and environmental protection. We distinguish the term tourism as not only as a leisure activity, but also as a turning or changing point (while individuals adapt their performance in tune with nature to find the ways to achieve physical, mental, and spiritual equilibrium. Thereby, we make a further step to discussions on how exploration of the behavioural approach can support initiatives that promote environmental protection, and innovative tourism education programmes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Education and Wage Inequality in Portugal

This article summarises the recent literature on the relationship between inequality in wages and education for Portugal. The main conclusions are the following. First, Portu-gal is one of the OECD countries with lowest educational level. At the same time, re-turns to education are large, and suggest that skills are particularly valuable in the Por-tuguese labour market. Second, over the last two decades returns to education increased steadily, which suggests that skill-biased technological change is partly responsible for the observed pattern. Analysis of the returns across educational levels and the dispersion of returns over the wage distribution reveals that education may have helped to increase both between-group and within-group inequality. Third, the recent evolution of average years of education has lead to a considerable increase in the standard measures of over-education, particularly among younger cohorts. Since schooling mis-matches are associated with lower wages, recent changes in the educational composition of the workforce may have conse-quences for the wage distribution. Fourth, some conclusions can also be established on the interaction between formal education and acquired skills. Most forms of training are associ-ated with higher wages and appear to act as remedial education. Less educated individuals are less likely to get trained. However, once trained, they obtain larger returns. Finally, analysis of employment opportunities and school-to-work transitions suggests that more edu-cated individuals benefit from better job opportunities and receive more job offers

Segurança e saúde no trabalho no contexto da UnB

Monografia (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Especialização em Gestão Universitária, 2012.Este trabalho tem por objetivo explanar sobre a segurança e saúde no trabalho no contexto da Unb, rebuscando o princípio histórico, definições, normas e legislações. Com base na maior organização mundial responsável pelos princípios fundamentais e direitos do trabalho, a OIT e o Ministério do Trabalho, foi possível levantar informações que tangem as peculiaridades deste abrangente tema tais como, condições de trabalho ontem e hoje, o meio ambiente de trabalho e as adaptações do homem ao meio, acidentes de trabalho e suas causas, prevenções, procedimentos a serem tomados e leis. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis paper aims to explain about the safety and health at work in the context of Unb, seeking the historical principle, definitions, standards and laws. Based on the world's largest organization responsible for fundamental principles and rights at work, OIT and Ministry of Work, it was possible to gather information that concern the peculiarities of this broad topic such as working conditions yesterday and today, the working environment and adaptations of man to environment, work accidents and their causes, preventions, procedures to be taken and laws

Education and Wage Inequality in Portugal

This article summarises the recent literature on the relationship between inequality in wages and education for Portugal. The main conclusions are the following. First, Portu-gal is one of the OECD countries with lowest educational level. At the same time, re-turns to education are large, and suggest that skills are particularly valuable in the Por-tuguese labour market. Second, over the last two decades returns to education increased steadily, which suggests that skill-biased technological change is partly responsible for the observed pattern. Analysis of the returns across educational levels and the dispersion of returns over the wage distribution reveals that education may have helped to increase both between-group and within-group inequality. Third, the recent evolution of average years of education has lead to a considerable increase in the standard measures of over-education, particularly among younger cohorts. Since schooling mis-matches are associated with lower wages, recent changes in the educational composition of the workforce may have conse-quences for the wage distribution. Fourth, some conclusions can also be established on the interaction between formal education and acquired skills. Most forms of training are associ-ated with higher wages and appear to act as remedial education. Less educated individuals are less likely to get trained. However, once trained, they obtain larger returns. Finally, analysis of employment opportunities and school-to-work transitions suggests that more edu-cated individuals benefit from better job opportunities and receive more job offers

Diagnostico de rinopatias atraves da citologia nasal Hansel-Shimizu

Orientador: Antonio Celso Nunes NassifDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias da Saud