Determinação de tetraciclina em líquido sinovial de vacas com doença podal

Lameness in cattle is, as a rule, accompanied by infection in the wounded area. Many antimicrobial agents of wide spectrum are used in this therapy, being the concentration of the active principle of paramount importance in the treatment. One of the most used antibiotics is the tetracycline family, having as main representants oxitetracycline and tetracycline due to their treatment success. Therefore, the present work aims the development of an analytical method which allows the determination of tetracycline by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography in sinovial fluid of dairy cows, with lameness in foot, post-administration of antibiotic by intravenous via. The analytical method presented detection and quantification limits in sinovial fluid of 38 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of low, medium and high concentrations were higher than 75%. The method presented linearity in the dynamic range evaluated (50-15.000 ng/mL). Precision and accuracy to the low, average and high concentrations were considered suitable to perform the analyses. Tmax and Cmax of tetracycline in sinovial liquid of dairy cows with lameness in foot, after intravenous administration were 1.37h and 3471.57ng/mL, respectively.As doenças podais em bovinos são, via de regra, acompanhadas de infecções existentes na área lesionada. O sucesso do tratamento relaciona-se com a concentração do fármaco nas sinóvias dos animais, sendo tetraciclina e oxitetraciclina, entre os antibióticos os principais quimioterápicos atualmente utilizados. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um método analítico que permita a determinação de tetraciclina por Cromatografia a Líquido de Alta Pressão em líquido sinovial de vacas leiteiras portadoras de enfermidades podais pós-tratamento via intravenosa do antibiótico. O método analítico apresentou limite de detecção e quantificação para a tetraciclina em líquido sinovial de 38 ng/mL e 50 ng/mL, respectivamente. A recuperação das concentrações baixa, média e alta foram superiores a 75%. A linearidade foi avaliada na faixa dinâmica de 50 - 15.000 ng/mL. A precisão e a exatidão para as concentrações baixas, médias e altas foram consideradas adequadas para a realização das análises. Os resultados da concentração máxima e tempo para atingir a concentração máxima foram, respectivamente de Tmax= 1,37 h, Cmax=3471,57 ng/mL em líquido sinovial de vacas com doença podal

a practical guide

Funding Information: We are grateful to all staff composing the?Imaging Department, the Colorectal Cancer Unit, and The Pathology Department of the Champalimaud Foundation. We would also like to thank Nuno Lou??o from Philips Healthcare (R) for the outstanding technical support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).In the past nearly 20 years, organ-sparing when no apparent viable tumour is present after neoadjuvant therapy has taken an increasingly relevant role in the therapeutic management of locally-advanced rectal cancer patients. The decision to include a patient or not in a “Watch-and-Wait” program relies mainly on endoscopic assessment by skilled surgeons, and MR imaging by experienced radiologists. Strict surveillance using the same modalities is required, given the chance of a local regrowth is of approximately 25–30%, almost always surgically salvageable if caught early. Local regrowths occur at the endoluminal aspect of the primary tumour bed in almost 90% of patients, but the rest are deep within it or outside the rectal wall, in which case detection relies solely on MR Imaging. In this educational review, we provide a practical guide for radiologists who are, or intend to be, involved in the re-staging and follow-up of rectal cancer patients in institutions with an established “Watch-and-Wait” program. First, we discuss patient preparation and MR imaging acquisition technique. Second, we focus on the re-staging MR imaging examination and review the imaging findings that allow us to assess response. Third, we focus on follow-up assessments of patients who defer surgery and confer about the early signs that may indicate a sustained/non-sustained complete response, a rectal/extra-rectal regrowth, and the particular prognosis of the “near-complete” responders. Finally, we discuss our proposed report template.publishersversionpublishe

Peritoneal Response to Abdominal Surgery: The Role of Equine Abdominal Adhesions and Current Prophylactic Strategies

Intra-abdominal adhesions constitute a significant clinical and surgical problem that can lead to complications such as pain and bowel occlusion or subocclusion. These adhesions are frustrating and potentially fatal, representing a major postoperative complication in abdominal surgery. It is estimated that 32% of horses undergoing laparotomy will present clinical symptoms due to adhesions, but the true prevalence is not known because a large proportion of animals with postoperative recurrent colics are medically treated or submitted to euthanasia without necropsy. Adhesions are highly cellular, vascularized, dynamic structures that are influenced by complex signaling mechanisms. Understanding their pathogenesis could assist in applying better therapeutic strategies and in developing more effective antiadhesion products. Currently, there are no definitive strategies that prevent adhesion formation, and it is difficult to interpret the results of existing studies due to nonstandardization of an induction model and evaluation of their severity. The best clinical results have been obtained from using minimally traumatic surgical techniques, anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobials, anticoagulants, and mechanical separation of serosal surfaces by viscous intraperitoneal solutions or physical barriers. This paper aims to review adhesion formation pathogenesis, guide the understanding of major products and drugs used to inhibit adhesion formation, and address their effectiveness in the equine species

Deep digital flexor tenotomy and Distal Phalanx realignment for the treatment of Chronic Laminitis in horses: a literature review: Tenotomia do flexor digital profundo e realinhamento da Falange Distal para o tratamento de Laminite Crônica em equinos: revisão de literatura

Laminitis is the second most common cause of death from disease in horses and causes great suffering in the animal and economic and emotional losses for the people involved. Several therapeutic modalities are used in the treatment of this disease, but their results are not consistently described in the literature. In this scenario, deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy is a therapeutic modality that can be used for the treatment of chronic laminitis, releasing the traction force that the DDF tendon exerts on the distal phalanx, which helps with realignment of the latter. The objective of this study was to address the important factors of DDF tenotomy and distal phalanx realignment for the treatment of horses with chronic laminitis. The results of the above analysis suggest that DDF tenotomy and realignment of the distal phalanx is a therapeutic option that should be learned by veterinarians and that it can produce benefits to horses with chronic laminitis

Biologia reprodutiva e variação geográfica de Zachaenus carvalhoi (Anura: Cycloramphidae), um anuro da Mata Atlântica

Information is presented on the reproductive biology, habitat, behavior, morphology, and variation in advertisement call in Zachaenus carvalhoi, a rare frog for which basic natural history data are lacking. The species inhabits forest leaf litter in the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil. Reproductive individuals were found from October to December; females are slightly larger than males. The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently lists Zachaenus carvalhoi as Data Deficient. We suggest transferring the species to the Near Threatened category based on the IUCN criteria A2 because of the decline of the size and quality of its severely fragmented habitatApresentamos aqui informações sobre biologia reprodutiva, habitat, comportamento, morfologia e variação no canto de anúncio de Zachaenus carvalhoi, um anuro raro para o qual dados básicos de história natural são escassos. A espécie habita o folhiço de florestas nos estados de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Indivíduos em estado reprodutivo são encontrados de outubro a dezembro, e as fêmeas são pouco maiores que os machos. A União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza atualmente inclui Zachaenus carvalhoi na categoria Dados Deficientes. Sugerimos transferir a espécie para a categoria Quase Ameaçada, baseados no Critério A2, que inclui diminuição contínua da extensão e qualidade do seu habitat, já severamente fragmentad

Water relations in physic nut according to climatic seasonality, in semiarid conditions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da sazonalidade climática em pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas), sob condições de semiárido, em campo. Condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E), carboidratos solúveis (SLC), aminoácidos livres (FAA) e proteína total (PT) foram mensurados em folhas, em plantio comercial, no Nordeste brasileiro, durante as estações de verão e outono. As plantas apresentaram altos valores de gs e E, bem como de SLC, FAA e PT no verão, que diminuíram gradualmente durante o outono, com o decréscimo da temperatura e da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, apesar da alta disponibilidade hídrica. Mesmo em condições de adequada disponibilidade de água, a combinação de valores reduzidos de temperatura e luminosidade reduz drasticamente o metabolismo foliar.The objective of this work was to determine the effect of climatic seasonality on physic nut (Jatropha curcas), in field, under semiarid climate conditions. Stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), soluble leaf carbohydrates (SLC), free amino acids (FAA) and total proteins (TP) were measured in leaves, in a commercial plantation in Northeast Brazil, during the summer and autumn. Plants showed high gs and E, as well as SLC, FAA and TP contents in the summer, which gradually decreased with the lower temperatures and photosynthetically active radiation during the autumn, despite the higher water availability. Even in conditions of adequate water availability, the combination of low temperatures and reduced light drastically decreased foliar metabolism

Evaluation of peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume and respiratory rate during ventilation of premature lambs using a self-inflating bag

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume and respiratory rate achieved during manual ventilation of premature lambs, using a self-inflating bag. METHODS: In this descriptive, experimental study, five pairs of physicians, selected at random among 35 neonatologists working at a neonatal intensive care unit and with experience in the resuscitation of newborn infants, ventilated five intubated premature lambs using a self-inflating bag. Pressure and flow monitor signals were passed through a transducer and digitized for recording and analysis. Tidal volume and pressure curves were obtained from the integral of flow rate, at peak, during the last 50 seconds of every fifth minute, and analyzed. RESULTS: Median pressure was 39.8 (IQ25-75% 30.2-47.2) cmH2O; being below 20 in 1.1% of cases and above 40 in 49.1%. Seven out of 10 physicians produced more than six pressure peaks of over 40 cmH2O. Median tidal volume/kg was 17.8 (IQ25-75% 14.1-22.4) mL, being below 5 mL in 0.1% of cases and greater than or equal to 20 mL in 37.7%. All of the physicians propelled five or more ventilation cycles with tidal volume/kg of 20 mL or more. Respiratory rate was between 30 and 60 cycles/minute in 65.9% of cases, being below 30 in 6.8% of cases and over 60 in 27.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: There was major variation in peak inspiratory pressure and tidal volume/kg values, which were in many cases elevated, attaining levels that habitually cause biotrauma, while respiratory rates were adequate in the majority of cases.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o pico de pressão inspiratória, o volume corrente e a freqüência respiratória obtidos durante ventilação manual de carneiros prematuros, utilizando balão auto-inflável. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental descritivo em que cinco duplas de médicos selecionados aleatoriamente entre 35 neonatologistas que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e experientes em reanimação de recém-nascidos ventilaram cinco carneiros prematuros intubados, utilizando balão auto-inflável. Os sinais de pressão e fluxo eram captados, convertidos por meio de transdutores e digitalizados para armazenamento e análise. Foram avaliadas curvas de pressão e de volume corrente, este a partir da integral do fluxo, em suas medidas de pico, nos 50 segundos finais de cada 5 minutos. RESULTADOS: A mediana da pressão foi de 39,8 (IQ25-75% 30,2-47,2) cmH2O; foi menor que 20 em 1,1% das vezes e maior que 40 em 49,1%. Sete em 10 médicos propiciaram mais de seis picos de pressão maiores que 40 cmH2O. A mediana do volume corrente/kg foi de 17,8 (IQ25-75% 14,1-22,4) mL, sendo menor que 5 mL em 0,1% das vezes e igual ou maior que 20 mL em 37,7%. Todos os médicos impuseram cinco ou mais ciclos ventilatórios com volume corrente/kg de 20 mL ou mais. A freqüência situou-se entre 30 e 60 ciclos/minuto em 65,9% das vezes, sendo menor que 30 em 6,8% e maior que 60 em 27,3% das vezes. CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu grande variabilidade nos valores do pico de pressão inspiratória e do volume corrente/kg, sendo muitas vezes elevados e alcançando níveis indutores de biotrauma; para a freqüência respiratória, os valores foram adequados na maioria das vezes.Universidade de BrasíliaUnBUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UnB Hospital Universitário da UnBUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto da Criança do Hospital das ClínicasUNIFESPSciEL

Tuberculose: uma causa rara de trombose venosa cerebral?

Several infectious etiologies are related to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but a review of literature showed only few cases related to tuberculosis (TB), and only one with neurological manifestations.We report an unusual case of CVT related to TB and mutation in prothrombin gene. A 38-man black presented abrupt right hemiparestesis, and hemiparesis. Investigations revealed CVT. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) examination evidenced a infection by Mycobacterium. He was heterozygous for G20210A prothrombin mutation. Probably, hypercoagulability mechanisms of TB, added to mutation of prothrombim gene increase the risk of CVT.As mais variadas etiologias infecciosas estão relacionadas a trombose venosa cerebral (TVC), mas revisando-se a literatura há apenas poucos relatos de casos que se devem à tuberculose (TB), sendo que em apenas um deles havia manifestações no sistema nervoso central.Relatamos um caso de TVC associado a TB e a mutação do gene da protrombina. Homem 38 anos, negro, apresentou hemiparestesia de instalação súbita à direita, evoluindo com hemiparesia homolateral. Durante a internação, foi coletado líquor que evidenciou infecção por micobactéria. A pesquisa de trombofilias mostrou positividade somente para mutação do gene da protrombina(G20210A). Provavelmente os mecanismos de hipercoagulabilidade intrínsecos à tuberculose somados à mutação do gene da protrombina, potencializam o risco de TVC.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Division of NeurologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Division of Haematology and TransfusionUNIFESP, Division of NeurologyUNIFESP, Division of Haematology and TransfusionSciEL

Contribution to the study of the internal thoracic veins in dogs

Estudou-se o comportamento da desembocadura das veias torácicas internas em 168 cães S.R.Q., sendo 102 machos e 66 fêmeas, tendo-se verificado cinco modalidades de desembocadura, não relacionadas na literatura.It was studied the patterns of the termination of the internal thoracic veins in 168 dogs, 102 males and 66 females, it was observed five different kinds of terminations no described in the literature

Quilotórax bilateral espontâneo após vômitos excessivos em criança

ResumoObjetivoRelatar o caso de uma criança com quilotórax bilateral devido a etiologia pouco frequente: lesão do ducto torácico após quadro de vômitos excessivos.Descrição do casoMenina, sete anos, apresentava edema facial crônico iniciado após quadro de hiperemese. À avaliação, também apresentava derrame pleural bilateral, com líquido quiloso obtido na toracocentese. Após extensa investigação clínica, laboratorial e radiológica da etiologia do quilotórax, foi definido ser secundário a lesão do ducto torácico por aumento da pressão intratorácica pela manifestação inicial de vômitos, corroborado por achados de linfocintilografia.ComentáriosÀ exceção do período neonatal, o quilotórax é achado infrequente de efusão pleural em crianças. As causas são diversas, incluindo trauma, neoplasia, infecção e doenças inflamatórias; contudo, etiologia como a aqui descrita é pouco relatada na literatura.AbstractObjectiveTo report the case of a child with bilateral chylothorax due to infrequent etiology: thoracic duct injury after severe vomiting.Case descriptionGirl, 7 years old, with chronic facial swelling started after hyperemesis. During examination, she also presented with bilateral pleural effusion, with chylous fluid obtained during thoracentesis. After extensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigation of the chylothorax etiology, it was found to be secondary to thoracic duct injury by the increased intrathoracic pressure caused by the initial manifestation of vomiting, supported by lymphoscintigraphy findings.CommentsExcept for the neonatal period, chylothorax is an infrequent finding of pleural effusion in children. There are various causes, including trauma, malignancy, infection, and inflammatory diseases; however, the etiology described in this study is poorly reported in the literature