École haïtienne d’histoire du xixe siècle (L’) : Genres et sources

Si le discours historien s’impose comme une nécessité dès l’indépendance en 1804, l’école haïtienne d’histoire s’affirme véritablement à partir des années 1830. Les publications sont de trois types : mémoires, compilations et études. Elles tendent à construire une histoire générale d’Haïti avec une focalisation sur le politique et le juridique. À ce projet concourent de vastes fresques historiennes mais également des études circonscrites ou sectorielles comme des biographies, des monographies consacrées à des périodes, groupes, gouvernements et événements particuliers, ou encore des travaux d’histoire juridique. Ce nouveau discours historien s’élabore en se confrontant à une bibliothèque coloniale dense à critiquer, à dépasser tout en y puisant d’éventuelles connaissances nécessaires. Il s’alimente aux archives de toutes sortes, surtout pour la période révolutionnaire, son centre d’intérêt primordial, ainsi que pour la période contemporaine tout en accordant une place importante aux sources orales.While historical discourse came about as an obvious necessity with Haiti’s independence in 1804, the Haitian school of history truly made its mark in the 1830s. These works of history can be classified into three main types: memoirs, compilations and studies. They tend towards a general history of Haiti with a political and legal focus. Broad historical depictions compete with this project as do narrowly circumscribed or sector-based studies such as biographies or monographs devoted to specific time periods, groups, governments and events including works dealing with legal history. This new historical discourse has evolved through confrontation with a dense colonial library that is difficult to critique and surpass. Despite this, it has managed to draw essential knowledge from it. A wide range of records and archives, especially those that deal with the revolutionary period (its main center of interest) as well as the contemporary period, feed into this discourse, as do oral sources.Si el discurso historiador es esencial tanto como la independencia de 1804, la escuela de historia haitiana realmente se afirma desde los años 1830. Las publicaciones son de tres tipos: memorias, compilaciones y estudios. Estas tienden a construir una historia general de Haití con un enfoque político y jurídico. Este proyecto combina grandes frescos históricos, pero también estudios circunscritos o sectorizados, como biografías, monografías dedicadas a períodos, grupos, gobiernos y acontecimientos especiales, así como trabajos de historia jurídica. Este nuevo discurso historiador se elabora confrontándose a una biblioteca colonial densa de criticar y de ser superada, pero con el fin de ir extrayendo los conocimientos necesarios. Alimentado de archivos de todo tipo, sobre todo del período revolucionario, que es su enfoque principal, logra significativamente otorgar un lugar importante a las fuentes orales

The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders

Brainstem regions support vital bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in common brain disorders remain understudied. Here, using imaging-genetics data from 27,034 individuals, we identified brainstem-associated genetic loci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and mapped them to 305 genes. We detected genetic overlap between brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. In additional clinical data from 5,062 individuals with common brain disorders and 11,257 healthy controls, we observed differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease, supporting the relevance of brainstem regions and their genetic architectures in common brain disorders

Publisher Correction: Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain:Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain

Contains fulltext : 208604.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders

Publisher Correction: Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2019), 22, 10, (1617-1623), 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7)

In the version of this article initially published, spaces were missing in the names of Stephanie Le Hellard and Pasquale Di Carlo. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain

Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders

The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders

Brainstem regions support vital bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in common brain disorders remain understudied. Here, using imaging-genetics data from a discovery sample of 27,034 individuals, we identify 45 brainstem-associated genetic loci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305 genes. In a replication sample of 7432 participants most of the loci show the same effect direction and are significant at a nominal threshold. We detect genetic overlap between brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. In additional clinical data from 5062 individuals with common brain disorders and 11,257 healthy controls, we observe differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease, supporting the relevance of brainstem regions and their genetic architectures in common brain disorders

Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain

Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders