Descripción y análisis exploratorio de dos modelos de atención de los Trastornos de Espectro Autista en los niños y adolescentes en edad escolar del Área Mancha Centro

Objetivo. Identificar y cuantificar si existen diferencias en el funcionamiento actual, características socio- familiares y datos del desarrollo entre los niños y adolescentes diagnosticados de TEA en edad escolar (de 3 a 16 años) del Área La Mancha Centro que asisten a centros de educación especial (EE) y los que asisten a hospital de día (HD). Material y métodos. Estudio observacional trasversal, en el que se exploran las posibles diferencias entre los dos modelos de atención. Se seleccionaron los niños diagnosticados de TEA entre 3 y 16 años residentes en el Área Mancha Centro. Las pruebas realizadas valoraron el funcionamiento intelectual (Weschler, K-ABC de Kauffman), habilidades a aptativas (Vineland), habilidades lingüísticas (Peabody) y de las características del funcionamiento (C.A.R.S). La valoración de cada niño se realizó por un investigador independiente a los centros estudiados. Resultados. Se reclutaron 40 casos, 31 varones y 9 mujeres (ratio 3,4:1) con una edad media de 10,9 años (rango de 3 a 16 años). 29 casos fueron atendidos exclusivamente en el HD y 11 en centros de EE. Los niños atendidos en el HD presentaron una mayor frecuencia de trastornos en el embarazo y parto y de antecedentes mórbidos personales y familiares. Los resultados de los test mostraron un mayor nivel en todas las áreas evaluadas en los niños atendidos en el HD, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el desarrollo lingüístico, en la conducta adaptatvia y en algunas áreas de funcionamiento medidas por el CARS. Conclusiones. Se muestra de forma preliminar que el modelo de atención recibido en el Hospital de Día se asocia a una tendencia a evolucionar de forma más favorable en los niños con TEA

Descripción y análisis exploratorio de dos modelos de atención de los Trastornos de Espectro Autista en los niños y adolescentes en edad escolar del Área Mancha Centro.

Objetivo. Identificar y cuantificar si existen diferencias en el funcionamiento actual, características socio- familiares y datos del desarrollo entre los niños y adolescentes diagnosticados de TEA en edad escolar (de 3 a 16 años) del Área La Mancha Centro que asisten a centros de educación especial (EE) y los que asisten a hospital de día (HD). Material y métodos. Estudio observacional trasversal, en el que se exploran las posibles diferencias entre los dos modelos de atención. Se seleccionaron los niños diagnosticados de TEA entre 3 y 16 años residentes en el Área Mancha Centro. Las pruebas realizadas valoraron el funcionamiento intelectual (Weschler, K-ABC de Kauffman), habilidades a aptativas (Vineland), habilidades lingüísticas (Peabody) y de las características del funcionamiento (C.A.R.S). La valoración de cada niño se realizó por un investigador independiente a los centros estudiados. Resultados. Se reclutaron 40 casos, 31 varones y 9 mujeres (ratio 3,4:1) con una edad media de 10,9 años (rango de 3 a 16 años). 29 casos fueron atendidos exclusivamente en el HD y 11 en centros de EE. Los niños atendidos en el HD presentaron una mayor frecuencia de trastornos en el embarazo y parto y de antecedentes mórbidos personales y familiares. Los resultados de los test mostraron un mayor nivel en todas las áreas evaluadas en los niños atendidos en el HD, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el desarrollo lingüístico, en la conducta adaptatvia y en algunas áreas de funcionamiento medidas por el CARS. Conclusiones. Se muestra de forma preliminar que el modelo de atención recibido en el Hospital de Día se asocia a una tendencia a evolucionar de forma más favorable en los niños con TEA

Actividad física, ejercicio y deporte en la lucha contra la obesidad infantil y juvenil

El propósito del presente documento es proponer desde el grupo de expertos en ejercicio físico y salud de EXERNET (Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud) una serie de recomendaciones sobre la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva que a nivel individual, familiar e institucional ayuden a prevenir y tratar la obesidad infantil y juvenil, basadas en la evidencia científi ca actual

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Descripción y análisis exploratorio de dos modelos de atención de los Trastornos de Espectro Autista en los niños y adolescentes en edad escolar del Área Mancha Centro.

Objetivo. Identificar y cuantificar si existen diferencias en el funcionamiento actual, características socio- familiares y datos del desarrollo entre los niños y adolescentes diagnosticados de TEA en edad escolar (de 3 a 16 años) del Área La Mancha Centro que asisten a centros de educación especial (EE) y los que asisten a hospital de día (HD). Material y métodos. Estudio observacional trasversal, en el que se exploran las posibles diferencias entre los dos modelos de atención. Se seleccionaron los niños diagnosticados de TEA entre 3 y 16 años residentes en el Área Mancha Centro. Las pruebas realizadas valoraron el funcionamiento intelectual (Weschler, K-ABC de Kauffman), habilidades a aptativas (Vineland), habilidades lingüísticas (Peabody) y de las características del funcionamiento (C.A.R.S). La valoración de cada niño se realizó por un investigador independiente a los centros estudiados. Resultados. Se reclutaron 40 casos, 31 varones y 9 mujeres (ratio 3,4:1) con una edad media de 10,9 años (rango de 3 a 16 años). 29 casos fueron atendidos exclusivamente en el HD y 11 en centros de EE. Los niños atendidos en el HD presentaron una mayor frecuencia de trastornos en el embarazo y parto y de antecedentes mórbidos personales y familiares. Los resultados de los test mostraron un mayor nivel en todas las áreas evaluadas en los niños atendidos en el HD, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el desarrollo lingüístico, en la conducta adaptatvia y en algunas áreas de funcionamiento medidas por el CARS. Conclusiones. Se muestra de forma preliminar que el modelo de atención recibido en el Hospital de Día se asocia a una tendencia a evolucionar de forma más favorable en los niños con TEA