Las hélices paralelas : una visión crítica de la era genómica y postgenómica.

El proyecto del Genoma Humano es, sin duda, en el área de la biología, la mayor empresa de investigación que ha emprendido el hombre en los últimos años. Los dos autores han entendido que esta es una poderosísima herramienta para comprender los diferentes fenómenos biológicos y los secretos de la evolución de las especies. Este libro es un intento brillante por actualizar toda la discusión que se adelanta en torno al Genoma Humano y las perspectivas que esta abre.Información, genoma y sociedad -- De la biología molecular al genoma -- Como secuencias y cartografiar el genoma -- Qué sigue en la era postgenómica -- La terapia génica -- La farmacogenómic

La perspectiva de género en la escuela multigrado

Desde hace décadas existe como una política internacional la incorporación de la perspectiva de género y que muchos países se han comprometido cumplir a través de la implementación de programas específicos para tal fin, en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad. México también ha firmado en su mayoría estos acuerdos internacionales para subscribirse a dichas políticas y desarrollarlas en el país. Una de las áreas donde se han venido incorporando es en el sistema educativo a través de políticas educativas, brindando programas, cursos y capacitaciones para el magisterio en general. El trabajo docente que se realiza en las aulas tiene una implicación social donde se establecen relaciones de poder, que analizadas desde la categoría de género, reproduce una jerarquía desigual que afecta en gran medida a las mujeres. Uno de los objetivos de la presente investigación, es la de indagar si ha tenido impacto en la práctica docente, las estrategias y acciones que ha desarrollado el gobierno como política de Estado, la transversalización de la perspectiva de género en el sistema educativo. Se presenta los primeros hallazgos encontrados de la fase cuantitativa de la investigación, sobre algunas prácticas que el profesorado realiza dentro de la escuela, para describir aquellas que promueven una inclusión con perspectiva de género en su quehacer cotidiano dentro de las escuelas multigrado del estado de Chihuahua. Hasta el momento se han construido dos dimensiones las cuales se refieren al uso del lenguaje sexista y las relaciones interpersonales entre docentes y alumnado

Phylogeny of the old and fragmented genus Austrocoenosia Malloch reveals new evidences on the morphology and evolution of the genera Coenosia Meigen and Neodexiopsis Malloch (Diptera: Muscidae)

Coenosiini (Diptera: Muscidae) is a large cosmopolitan tribe of muscids, within which Coenosia Meigen and Neodexiopsis Malloch are the genera with the largest number of species. In this work, we revised for the first time, all the species placed by Malloch (1934) under Austrocoenosia, an endemic genus from the Andean Patagonian Forests, whose species are now placed in Coenosia and Neodexiopsis. We provide detail redescriptions for eight species placed by Malloch (1934) under Austrocoenosia, and decribed two new species (Coenosia delneneo sp. nov. and Coenosia patagonica sp. nov.), with high quality photographs detailing new structures of the male and female terminalia. To establish the position of the species of Austrocoenosia with respect to Coenosia and Neodexiopsis, we made a phylogenetic analysis using implied weighting for 36 taxa and 132 morphological characters of adults, including male and female genitalia. We recovered all species of Austrocoenosia as Coenosia species. We propose the following nomenclature actions: Austrocoenosia as a junior synonymy of Coenosia (syn. rest.); Coenosia brevicornis (Malloch) (comb. nov.), Coenosia dubia (Bigot) (comb. rest.); Coenosia hucketti, Pont (nom. nov.) and Coenosia nigerrima (Malloch) (comb. rest.). We also propose Coenosia spumicola Pont as an unplaced species of Coenosia sensu lato. Finally, we updated the geographic distributions for all species and observed several new male and female terminalia structures, which enriched the discussion of the genera and the tribe

Design of longitudinal finned tubes adjusted with the Cesàro curve

This paper proposes a process of higher heat transfer efficiency, through a fractal design over Cesàro curve as an extend surface for an exchange tube. Our designs yielded better results applying finite element analysis compared with the smooth surface commonly used in the industry. This new adaptation can be oriented toward applications involving gases and viscous liquids, for devices such as motors, boilers and dissipaters, among others

Co‐occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: The latin american nutrition and health study (elans)

Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co‐exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen‐time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio‐demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle‐income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co‐occur in the LA population.University of San FranciscoRevisión por pare

Correlation between Neck Cricumference and Other Anthropometric Measurements in Eight Latin American Countries. Results from ELANS Study

Abstract Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson's correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosFerrero///ItaliaHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Breakfast in Latin America: Evaluation of Nutrient and Foot Group Intake Toward a Nutrient-Based Recommendation

Background: Little is known about breakfast habits of the Latin American (LA) population to support nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast in this region. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition of breakfast in the LA population and to propose recommendations for a balanced breakfast. Design: This multicenter cross-sectional study evaluated food and nutrient intake of nationally representative samples of urban populations of 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) in 2014-2015. Participants/setting: The sample comprised 8714 participants from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, aged 15 to 65 years, randomly recruited according to geographical location, sex, age, and socioeconomic level. Main outcome measures: Two 24-hour recalls were used to examine dietary intake. Breakfast consumers were stratified by tertiles of Nutrient-Rich Foods Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) to assess the overall diet quality of individuals. Nutrient intake at breakfast of those in the upper tertile of NRF9.3 pooled for the 8 countries was used as a reference for the development of recommendations for LA adolescents and adults. Statistical analyses: Comparison of food and nutrient intake of breakfast across NRF9.3 tertiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results: Overall breakfast was an important contributor to protein, carbohydrate, and B vitamin intakes but also to added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes relative to daily intakes. Individuals in the upper NRF9.3 tertile had higher intake of key micronutrients such as calcium and potassium at breakfast compared with other tertiles. White breads/rolls/tortillas were the most consumed food group (60%), followed by butter/margarine (40%) and coffee/tea without milk (34%-50%). Conclusions: Breakfast contributed to the daily intake of B vitamins, protein, and carbohydrates but also added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes for all countries. The proposed recommendations support the nutrient density of existing highest-quality breakfast in the LA population while addressing concerns about nutrients to be encouraged or reduced.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Meeting 24-h movement guidelines and markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin America countries: the ELANS study

This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18–65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Body mass index and waist circumference were assessed as markers of adiposity. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defned as≥ 150 min/week of MVPA; ≤ 8 h/ day of SB; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. The number of guidelines being met was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.93) with higher value in men than women. We found diferences between countries. Meeting two and three movement guidelines was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.97 and OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.85, respectively) and high waist circumference (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.62, 0.96). Meeting MVPA and SB recommendations were related to reduced adiposity markers but only in men. Future research is needed to gain insights into the directionality of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and markers of adiposity but also the mechanisms underlying explaining diferences between men and women.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Retos actuales de la farmacia

Retos actuales de la farmacia es un proyecto que está coordinado por Leobargo Manuel Gómez Oliván y un equipo de investigadores que forman parte del claustro de la Facultad de Química en el área de posgrado, ellos han incentivado el espíritu investigador y científico de los estudiantes adscritos al programa para adentrarse en el ámbito farmacéutico. Los capítulos que conforman esta edición son el reflejo de la actividad académica desarrollada en este posgrado en las diferentes áreas de acentuación que lo conforman: farmacia molecular, farmacia social y tecnología farmacéutica